Q&A Hero

Q: In which U.S. Supreme Court did the Court decide that executions are unconstitutional for crimes committed by those younger than 18 years of age? a. Roper v. Simmons (2005) b. Graham v. Florida (2010) c. Kent v. United States (1966) d. Schall v. Martin (1984)

Q: An officer who provides guidance and counseling and is hired by the school is called a a. school intervention officer. b. police guidance officer. c. high school resource officer. d. truant officer.

Q: In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court decide that life imprisonment without possibility of parole for juvenile offenders was unconstitutional in non-homicide cases? a. Roper v. Simmons (2005) b. Graham v. Florida (2010) c. Kent v. United States (1966) d. Schall v. Martin (1984)

Q: Which is not one of the problems the American system of juvenile justice faces? a. Cyberbullying b. Online delinquency c. Youth gangs d. Urbanization

Q: In Miller v. Alabama (2012), the U.S. Supreme Court deemed ______ unconstitutional for juvenile homicide offenders. a. executions b. probation c. mandatory LWOP d. boot camps

Q: Roper v. Simmons (2005) ruled that _____ were unconstitutional for crimes committed by those younger than 18 years of age. a. parole boards b. executions c. life sentences d. boot camps

Q: The upper age limit for original juvenile court jurisdiction is the age of: a. 16. b. 17. c. 18. d. 19.

Q: Status offenders make up about ____ of the juvenile court caseload. a. 10% b. 20% c. 30% d. 40%

Q: A ________ either has no parent or guardian or is receiving inadequate care because of the physical or mental disability of the parent. a. neglectedchild b. PINS c. dependentchild d. delinquentchild

Q: _________ is the trial stage of the juvenile justice process. a. Waiver b. Transfer c. Disposition d. Adjudication

Q: Tyson has just been adjudicated guilty for cyber stalking in the juvenile justice system in the state in which he resides. This is his second offense. His first offense was dismissed. Tyson's actual crime included sending threatening and lewd comments to a classmate on Facebook. Tyson feels as though his responses were justified based oncomments that had been directed to him earlier in the year. Tyson believes his offense is a status offense. Which statement about Tyson's assertion is correct? a. Tyson is correct because cyberbullying is a behavior thatis not criminal if committed by adults. b. Tyson is correct because the school resource officer turned Tyson in and the SRO would not have an adult. c. Tyson is incorrect because cyberbullying is only illegal in a juvenile context. d. Tyson is incorrect because cyberbullying is illegal for adults and juveniles.

Q: Tyson has just been adjudicated guilty for cyber stalking in the juvenile justice system in the state in which he resides. This is his second offense. His first offense was dismissed. Tyson's actual crime included sending threatening and lewd comments to a classmate on Facebook. Tyson feels as though his responses were justified based oncomments that had been directed to him earlier in the year. Tyson is not alone in his actions, but instead heis among the _______ of juveniles who use their computers to bully others. a. 10% b. 20% c. 25% d. 30%

Q: Tyson has just been adjudicated guilty for cyber stalking in the juvenile justice system in the state in which he resides. This is his second offense. His first offense was dismissed. Tyson's actual crime included sending threatening and lewd comments to a classmate on Facebook. Tyson feels as though his responses were justified based oncomments that had been directed to him earlier in the year. Tyson's delinquent behavior would actually be called a. cyberbullying. b. cybercrime. c. cybercontrol. d. cyberincentives.

Q: Will is a 15 year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting. He has never been in trouble before. He participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends who made fun of him for being "too good." Will's parents are terrified that his poor decision making will ruin his future. It was found that part of Will's motivation to act out was the result of receiving inadequate care at home, therefore Will is considered by the court to be a(n): a. dependent child b. child parens patriae c. at-risk child d. neglected child

Q: Will is a 15 year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting. He has never been in trouble before. He participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends who made fun of him for being "too good." Will's parents are terrified that his poor decision making will ruin his future. Will and his family are seeking a(n) _________, where they could avoid the courtroom altogether. a. adjudication b. detention hearing c. diversion d. disposition

Q: Will is a 15 year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting. He has never been in trouble before. He participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends who made fun of him for being "too good." Will's parents are terrified that his poor decision making will ruin his future. Will's case will most likely begin with a referral in the form of a(n) a. diversion. b. detention hearing. c. adjudication. d. petition.

Q: Will is a 15 year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting. He has never been in trouble before. He participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends who made fun of him for being "too good." Will's parents are terrified that his poor decision making will ruin his future. Considering Will's truancy violation, he may be considered a ________, depending on the outcome of the shoplifting case. a. dependentchild b. delinquentchild c. neglectedchild d. PINS

Q: Will is a 15 year-old boy who was just arrested for truancy and shoplifting. He has never been in trouble before. He participated in the crime due to peer pressure from his friends who made fun of him for being "too good." Will's parents are terrified that his poor decision making will ruin his future. Will's truancy violation is an example of a _________ offense. a. criminal b. juvenile c. status d. delinquent

Q: Maria is a 16 year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina who has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with the intent to kill. Maria used a baseball bat to beat a classmate close to death leaving the victim with brain damage. The judge will render her decision tomorrow if Maria should be tried as an adult or if the case should stay within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system. Currently, Maria is being held in an institution until an appropriate decision can be made. Maria did not go to adult court because rather than a jury trial, the decision regarding her guilt and punishment occurred in a process called a. intake. b. adjudication. c. disposition. d. diversion.

Q: Maria is a 16 year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina who has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with the intent to kill. Maria used a baseball bat to beat a classmate close to death leaving the victim with brain damage. The judge will render her decision tomorrow if Maria should be tried as an adult or if the case should stay within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system. Currently, Maria is being held in an institution until an appropriate decision can be made. Maria is not released to go home with her parents, but is instead held in a: a. treatment facility. b. detention facility. c. substance abuse facility. d. prison.

Q: Maria is a 16 year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina who has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with the intent to kill. Maria used a baseball bat to beat a classmate close to death leaving the victim with brain damage. The judge will render her decision tomorrow if Maria should be tried as an adult or if the case should stay within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system. Currently, Maria is being held in an institution until an appropriate decision can be made. Maria will most likely not be waived to the adult court system due to the fact that waived cases only make up ________ of delinquency cases. a. 1% b. 5% c. 8% d. 10%

Q: Maria is a 16 year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina who has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with the intent to kill. Maria used a baseball bat to beat a classmate close to death leaving the victim with brain damage. The judge will render her decision tomorrow if Maria should be tried as an adult or if the case should stay within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system. Currently, Maria is being held in an institution until an appropriate decision can be made. If Maria's case stays within the juvenile justice system, she would be labeled a __________. a. delinquentchild b. neglectedchild c. dependentchild d. PINS

Q: Maria is a 16 year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina who has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with the intent to kill. Maria used a baseball bat to beat a classmate close to death leaving the victim with brain damage. The judge will render her decision tomorrow if Maria should be tried as an adult or if the case should stay within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system. Currently, Maria is being held in an institution until an appropriate decision can be made. Maria wants to attend a treatment facility so that she can quit her drug habit. To do so without further involvement in the juvenile justice system, she would need a a. diversion. b. warrant. c. judgment. d. waiver.

Q: Maria is a 16 year-old Hispanic female from South Carolina who has been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with the intent to kill. Maria used a baseball bat to beat a classmate close to death leaving the victim with brain damage. The judge will render her decision tomorrow if Maria should be tried as an adult or if the case should stay within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system. Currently, Maria is being held in an institution until an appropriate decision can be made. Given the circumstances of the battery, the prosecutor is demanding Maria's case be transferred to the adult criminal court system, a process called a(n) a. diversion. b. intake. c. waiver. d. transfer.

Q: How have the conservative crime control policies that have hit the adult criminal justice system influenced juvenile justice? a. Caused decreased incarcerationin juvenile institutions b. Increased litigation challenging the abuse of children c. Lowered rates of minority youth incarceration d. Caused increased transfer to parents upon initial interaction with law enforcement

Q: Which statement is true concerning juvenile court? a. Juvenile court is highly centralized at the state level. b. Juvenile court is a complex institution performing a wide variety of functions. c. Juvenile court maintains separation between goals and values. d. Juvenile court controls and understands the causes of juvenile crime.

Q: Consider the information presented in the following chart. How are African American youth most likely to be overrepresented in the juvenile justice system? a. Juvenile arrests for violent crime index offenses b. Juveniles in residential placement c. Cases judicially waived to criminal court d. Delinquency cases resulting in residential placement

Q: Public support for handling delinquent juveniles is strongest for the _______ emphasis. a. rehabilitative b. punitive c. protective d. retributive

Q: Which is not one of the main concepts of juvenile justice? a. Deinstitutionalization b. Due process c. Diversion d. Detoxification

Q: What was the focus of the U.S. Supreme Court case that marked the beginning of the "Kids Are Different" era? a. Legalization of the juvenile law b. Establishment of a separate system for juveniles c. Deinstitutionalization of status offenders d. Elimination of the death penalty for juveniles

Q: What was the central purpose of Boston's "Operation Ceasefire"? a. Eliminating juvenile drug use b. Reducing gang violence c. Reducing status offenses d. Facilitating successful reentry of juvenile offenders

Q: The juvenile court processing of delinquency cases typically begins with a. an intake hearing. b. a petition. c. disposition. d. diversion.

Q: Which is true about juvenile officers? a. Juvenile officers are oftentimes themselves youthful offenders. b. Juvenile officers are less knowledgeable about legal issues than other police officers. c. Juvenile officers are sensitive to the needs of young offenders. d. Juvenile officers have less discretion than regular officers in processing young offenders.

Q: The juvenile function of police work is concerned largely with a. servicing the community. b. preventing crime. c. maintaining order. d. providing counseling.

Q: Which U.S. Supreme Court decision found that a child could waive his or her rights to an attorney and to protections against self-incrimination? a. New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) b. Fare v. Michael C. (1979) c. Schall v. Martin (1984) d. In re Gault (1967)

Q: The process of screening children out of the system without a decision is called: a. screening b. disposition. c. diversion. d. redirection.

Q: A child who is receiving inadequate care is termed a _______. a. dependent child b. neglected child c. person in need of supervision (PINS) d. delinquent child

Q: Which U.S. Supreme Court decision ruled that school officials could search students and their lockers? a. New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) b. Fare v. Michael C. (1979) c. Schall v. Martin (1984) d. In re Gault (1967)

Q: The juvenile justice system is primarily concerned with the interests and needs of: a. the community. b. the family. c. society. d. thechild.

Q: What is the youngest age at which a juvenile can be waived to adult court in the United States? a. 10 b. 12 c. 13 d. 14

Q: Throughout the United States, the upper age limit for juvenile court jurisdiction typically varies from ________ years of age. a. 12 to 14 b. 14 to 16 c. 16 to 18 d. 18 to 20

Q: Which statement about offenses committed by juveniles is accurate? a. The offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of state law. b. The offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of federal law. c. The offenses committed by juveniles are equal in terms of violations of federal and state laws. d. The offenses committed by juveniles are mostly violations of municipal law.

Q: Which U.S. Supreme Court decision departed from the trend toward increasing juvenile rights by ruling that juveniles may be held in preventive detention before trial if they are deemed a risk to the community? a. In re Gault (1967) b. Schall v. Martin (1984) c. Kent v. United States (1966) d. In re Winship (1970)

Q: Which civil liberty was extended to juveniles in the U.S. Supreme Court's decision of Breed v. Jones (1975)? a. Right to trial by jury b. Right to an attorney c. Right against unreasonable search and seizure d. Privilege against self-incrimination

Q: The system and philosophy of juvenile justice that began in the United States during the social reform period of the late 19th century was based on the idea that the state should act as a(n) ____ in advancing the interest of the child. a. parent b. teacher c. caretaker d. spiritual advisor

Q: Which is true about the due process rights of juveniles? a. Juveniles have none of the due process rights guaranteed to adults. b. Juveniles have all of the due process rights guaranteed to adults. c. Juveniles have all of the due process rights guaranteed to adults plus additional rights. d. Juveniles have only some of the due process rights guaranteed to adults.

Q: In the _____, the U.S. Supreme Court extended due process rights to children in the cases of Kent v. United States and In re Gault. a. 1860s b. 1930s c. 1960s d. 1980s

Q: Behaviors that are not criminal if committed by adults, such as cigarette smoking or truancy, are called _____ in the juvenile justice context. a. juvenile offenses b. status mistakes c. juveniledelinquencies d. status offenses

Q: Under the doctrine of ______, which held the king to be the father of the realm, the chancery courts exercised protective jurisdiction over all children, particularly those involved in questions of dependency, neglect, and property. a. stubborn child law b. parens patriae c. In re Gault d. In re Winship

Q: Under common law, children were exempt from criminal responsibility until the age of a. 3. b. 5. c. 7. d. 10.

Q: A(n) ___ is a child who is receiving inadequate care because of some action or inaction of his or her parents. a. dependent child b. child parens patriae c. at-risk child d. neglected child

Q: In England, the doctrine that allowed the courts to hold protective jurisdiction over all children was called a. judicial waiver. b. parens patriae. c. delinquency doctrine. d. status offense.

Q: Which has not had a significant impact on the juvenile justice system? a. Tough-on-crime policies. b. Drug use. c. Youth gangs. d. Deteriorating social and economic conditions.

Q: What does the acronym "CRIPS" mean? a. Children Ready in the Population Society b. Criminals Ready in the Post-Modern Society c. Common Rejected Innocents Producing Safely d. Community Revolution in Progress

Q: According to a Justice Department survey, what is the most serious problem facing teenagers today? a. Alcohol b. Poor quality of education c. Drugs d. Crime

Q: Cyberbullying and other online delinquency are a new and growing phenomenon. a. True b. False

Q: Youth gangs do not pose any unique problems in the juvenile justice system. a. True b. False

Q: Aftercare can be very effective. a. True b. False

Q: Dependency is one of the four types of cases which falls under the jurisdiction of the juvenile justice system. a. True b. False

Q: The Supreme Court ruled in Graham v. Florida (2010) that executions are unconstitutional for crimes committed by those younger than 18 years of age. a. True b. False

Q: Drug use among juveniles has no negative impact on crime. a. True b. False

Q: Sexting is a status crime. a. True b. False

Q: Juvenile courts are simpler than adult courts. a. True b. False

Q: Approximately 10% of juveniles are placed on probation and released to the custody of a parent or guardian. a. True b. False

Q: A predominant goal within juvenile corrections is to avoid unnecessary incarceration. a. True b. False

Q: A child's behavioral history affects the disposition of a case of juvenile delinquency. a. True b. False

Q: The juvenile function of police work is concerned largely with order maintenance. a. True b. False

Q: A juvenile cannot waive his or her right to counsel or protection against self-incrimination. a. True b. False

Q: Unlike regular police officers, juvenile officers exercise little discretion in processing offenders. a. True b. False

Q: Many police departments have special juvenile units. a. True b. False

Q: In theory, juvenile proceedings are designed to be nonadversarial. a. True b. False

Q: Congress has declared that all offenses committed by juveniles are federal offenses. a. True b. False

Q: Federal guidelines dictate that all states must handle juvenile cases in the same way. a. True b. False

Q: Parens patriae refers to the state as parent. a. True b. False

Q: The period in which juvenile rights were expanded was called the juvenile rights period. a. True b. False

Q: Smoking cigarettes is a status offense for a 13-year-oldjuvenile. a. True b. False

Q: The standard of proof for juveniles to become classified as delinquents is "beyond a reasonable doubt." a. True b. False

Q: Juveniles have always retained due process rights in the United States. a. True b. False

Q: Truancy is an example of a status offense. a. True b. False

Q: Delinquent children often have committed offenses that would be classified as criminal if they were adults. a. True b. False