Q&A Hero

Q: Caroline has been arrested for shoplifting at Bloomingdales. This is not her first offense and at trial she is found guilty. The judge decides the appropriate punishment is to cut off Caroline's hand so she will not be able to shoplift again.If Bloomingdales existed in every century, when we find this sentence as a popular punishment?a. 11th centuryb. 12th century c. 13th century d. 14th century

Q: When a researcher is aware that a certain pattern exists in the data, he/she may commit the error of ____________________observation when they ignore events that do not fit the pattern.

Q: The culture where we are born is made up of accepted knowledge about the world around us and is known as ____________________.

Q: In the 1800's what type of punishment represented liberal reform?a. Wergildb. Indentured servants c. Penitentiariesd. Hard labor work camps

Q: All of the following are considered contributions and strengths of SFBT EXCEPTa. the assumption that people are competent and can be trusted to use their resources in creating solutions.b. the fact that this is a brief approach.c. its use of prescribed solutions to people's problems.d. the use of questioning.

Q: Although social scientists study motivations that affect individuals, ____________________are more often the subjects of social science research.

Q: Solution-focused counseling has parallels to _____________, which concentrates on what is right and what is working for people rather than dwelling on deficits, weaknesses, and problems. a. positive psychology b. the medical model c. self psychology d. object relations therapy

Q: Which of the following individuals is NOT associated with the development of SFBT?a. Insoo Kim Bergb. Steve de Shazerc. Michele Weiner-Davisd. Albert Ellis

Q: The year is 1725 and Gregory's grandson has just been convicted of robbery. Once his grandson serves hissentence, what will happen to him?a. he will be free againb. he will be tortured to deathc. he will be transported for hard labor d. he will be hung in the gallows

Q: Eye witness testimony that turns out to be inaccurate is an example of the inaccurate ____________________ type of error in personal human inquiry.

Q: Gregory was born in 1573, toward the end of the 16th century, to a poor family. They stole money and food to survive. As one of the criminal poor, if he was ever caught he wouldn"t be subject to the punishments that were provided to the rich that were mostly exile and banishment. As time moves on Gregory has kids and grandkids and the tradition of stealing to survive continued.What was the most likely punishment during that time if Gregory did get caught stealing?a. exile and banishmentb. torture and corporal punishment c. capital punishment (death)d. hard labor

Q: Characteristics or qualities that describe some object are known as ____________________.

Q: SFBT is appropriate for group work in the schools for all of the following reasons EXCEPTa. the approach helps students develop positive goals.b. it is a cookbook of techniques for removing students' problems.c. the model underscores the importance of small changes and co-constructed goals.d. it is a time-effective intervention.

Q: Which of the following is NOT an example of therapist feedback to group members?a. Complimentsb. A bridgec. Suggesting tasks to membersd. Confrontation

Q: are logical groupings of attributes.

Q: This gives the victim the opportunity to tell of their experiences and describe their ordeal.a. deterrence hearing b. victim impact statementc. victim sentencing inquiry d. none of these

Q: Epistemology and are two scientific approaches to the discovery of reality.

Q: In cases where the convicted is convicted of two or more charges, and the judges sentences begin on the same day and are completed when the longest term is served it is called a.a. consecutive sentence b. determinate sentencec. concurrent sentence d. mandatory maximum sentence

Q: The "news of difference" is associated with which of the following techniques? a. Exception questions b. Pre-therapy change c. The miracle question d. Scaling questions

Q: Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of the solution-focused group?a. Setting well-formed goalsb. Engaging in shame-attacking exercisesc. Searching for exceptions to the problemd. Encouraging motivation

Q: SFBT group facilitators pay little attention to all of the following EXCEPTa. the strengths and resiliencies of the individual.b. history taking.c. gathering information from members about their problems.d. exploring childhood experiences.

Q: science cannot settle debates on values.

Q: In Roper v. Simmons (2005) the Court: a. Set a limit of 18 years as the age of defendants who could be sentenced to death b. Ruled that execution of the mentally retarded is prohibited by the Eighth Amendment c. Ruled that only those who commit felony murder may be executed d. Ruled that rapists may not be punished with death

Q: The average time it takes to carry out an execution in California is 14 years because of ?a. Numerous appeal b. Time between conviction and juryc. Sentencing by the judge d. Prison Administration

Q: Illogical reasoning occurs if you choose to follow the exception that proves the .

Q: Which 1972 Supreme Court decision ruled that the death penalty at that time violated the Eighth Amendment'sprotection against cruel and unusual punishment?a. McKleskyv.Kemp b. Greggv.Georgiac. Stanfordv.Kentucky d. Furmanv.Georgia

Q: means repeating a study, checking to see whether similar results are obtained each time.

Q: Members of a SFBT group learn how to a. confront irrational philosophies. b. tap unconscious dynamics. c. interpret their resistance and challenge this. d. identify exceptions to their problems.

Q: research is the production of knowledge based on experience or observation.

Q: Patterns of cause and effect are ____________________ in nature.

Q: According to solution-focused therapy in groups a. insight is essential for change to occur. b. members need to understand the cause of a problem in order to arrive at a solution. c. change occurs mainly through the advice given by the group leader. d. each individual is unique and so, too, is each solution.

Q: Which of the following is not an argument for the death penalty? a. Use of discretion b. Incapacitation c. Deterrence d. Proportional to the crime

Q: Skillful questioning by reality therapist group leaders is one of the major strengths of this approach. Describe two to three possible questions.

Q: Which of the following statements is true? a. Eighty-eight countries and territories have abolished the death penalty for all crimes. b. Twenty-nine counties retain the death penalty in law but have not carried out any executions for the past ten years or more. c. Since 1994 there have been twenty executions of juvenile offenders, including thirteen in the United States. d. All of these statements are true.

Q: Astor repeated a study to determine if she would obtain similar results that were found in her original study, and thereby engaged in: a. research and development b. logical reasoning c. replication d. theoretical repetition

Q: Approximately how many known executions have been carried out in America under civil authority since 1608?a. More than 8,000 b. More than 10,000c. More than 14,000 d. More than 16,000

Q: Emma studied the literature on binge drinking and discovered a pattern between gender and binge drinking that might be logically and theoretically expected. She then did her study of college students and drinking. Which approach is reflected: a. experiential b. deductive c. inductive d. applied

Q: Effective reality therapists learn to adapt the methodology to individuals and groups from many cultures. Briefly explain the Reality therapy system and the benefits of using it with multicultural populations.

Q: The first part of most scholarly journal articles is: a. the Introduction b. the Discussion Section c. a Research Abstract d. the Methods Section

Q: Glasser believed schools should be structured in ways to help students achieve a __________ as opposed to a failure identity. a. success failure b. commitment c. change identity d. success identity

Q: Which of the following factors is not a legitimate consideration in setting the length of a prison term? a. The severity of the offense b. Whether the offender used a weapon c. Whether the crime was committed for money d. The offender's age

Q: If a reality therapist speaks of group members depressing or angering themselves, he or she a. needs a grammar lesson. b. has adopted the perspective that group members have made an active choice to feel depressed and are not passive victims. c. is essentially blaming and criticizing the members for their self-sabotaging behaviors. d. should be removed from his or her position immediately.

Q: Samantha has concluded that living in a co-ed residence hall makes residents more alike in characteristics. As she continues her research, she tends to focus on events and situations that fit this pattern. Which error in inquiry is reflected: a. inaccurate observation b. selective observation c. overgeneralization d. illogical reasoning

Q: Which of the following statements is false? a. Research shows a strong correlation between legal variables and the type and length of sentence received. b. There is a clear relationship between social class and sentencing. c. Judges may perceive women as better risks than men, thus creating gender bias in sentencing. d. Victim characteristics may influence sentencing.

Q: To qualify for federal funds under truth-in-sentencing laws, states must require persons convicted of a violate felony crime to serve not less than percent of the prison sentence.a. 25 b. 45c. 65 d. 85

Q: Complete the following metaphor: If choice theory is the highway, reality therapy is a. the bridge that connects to the highway. b. the scenery alongside the highway. c. the vehicle delivering the product. d. the delivery person.

Q: Which of the following is not one of the goals of sentencing guidelines? a. To prioritize and allocate correctional resources b. To reduce prison crowding c. To increase judicial discretion d. To establish truth-in-sentencing

Q: Recently, Wubbolding has stated that he believes behavior is a _______________ that helps us get what we want from the world. a. form of manipulation b. language c. conceptual framework d. tool

Q: Which of the following best defines conceptualization of a research process: a. the manner in which variables are defined b. how a population is decided upon c. the specific analytic structure used for a study d. the initial concept used for a study

Q: Which of the following describes politic's role in social science/CJ research: a. can play b. never play c. rarely play d. play an essential role

Q: Choice theory is built on the notion that human behavior is a. purposeful and originates from within the individual rather than from external forces. b. deterministic and is dictated by the human drives. c. reinforced either positively or negatively. d. chosen based on convenience.

Q: In the case of Blakelyv.Washington, the Court found that Washington state's sentencing guidelines were in violation of the Amendment.a. Fourth b. Fifthc. Sixth d. Eighth

Q: Who has final say in the duration of the offender's prison stay in the determinate sentence?a. Prosecutor b. Parole boardc. Judge d. Correctional authority

Q: Which of the following approacheswould NOT be described as active, directive, structured, psychoeducational, and focused on doing and action plans?a. Reality therapyb. Transactional analysisc. Person-centeredd. Rational emotive behavior therapy

Q: Stepping on a thorn for the first time and realizing that it is painful before anyone tells you it is painful is an example of: a. agreement reality b. inaccurate observation c. experiential reality d. a nomothetic explanation

Q: "Let the sentence fit the criminal" best describes the basic philosophy of:a. determinate sentencing. b. mandatory minimums.c. fixed terms. d. indeterminate sentencing.

Q: Contemporary reality therapy is grounded in the principles of a. behavior therapy. b. experiential therapy. c. object-relations therapy. d. the existential/phenomenological orientation.

Q: Doing a literature review should be: a. done only when one has to do it b. done in pieces to setup a research problem c. systematic and deliberate d. unorganized

Q: The research process starts with: a. observations b. data processing c. an idea d. research methods

Q: Reality therapy emphasizes a. responsible planning. b. looking at why we think as we do. c. gaining insight into the core of a problem. d. fully experiencing one's feelings.

Q: Who determines the actual length of incarceration in the indeterminate sentence?a. Judge b. Prosecutor and the defense attorneyc. State legislature d. Correctional agency and the judge

Q: A fixed term of incarceration is called what?a. An indeterminate sentence b. A determinate sentencec. A mandatory minimum d. A fixed term

Q: An Internet Search is good for getting ideas about potential research topics when: a. specialized tools are used b. All the time c. Internet searches are not good, book bound journals are better d. when you are late on an assignment

Q: Which of the following is an important element that is often not thought of when creating a research project:? a. the budget b. the population c. research methods d. stakeholders

Q: Which is NOT a part of reality therapy groups?a. Contractsb. Homework assignmentsc. Dream workd. Exploring hopes and dreams

Q: If members are to make changes, the reality therapist assumes all of the following EXCEPT a. members must develop a plan for change. b. members must be willing to change. c. members must make a commitment to change. d. the member's plan is not as important as their feelings.

Q: Approximately of the states have three-strikes laws but nearly of them require the third felony be a serious one.a. 1/4 ; one half b. 1/2 ; allc. 3/4 ; none d. all of ; one quarter

Q: Which punishment philosophy holds that criminal sentences should be proportional to the seriousness of the criminal act?a. Just desert b. General deterrencec. Incapacitation d. Restitution

Q: A great place to start when conducting a literature review is: a. a scholarly journal b. a previous research study c. a library d. a data software program

Q: What is another term that retribution advocates use to describe the concept of blameworthiness?a. Recidivism b. Just desertsc. Specific deterrence d. Severity

Q: Your college has implemented a new policy on campus regarding underage drinking. You want to evaluate its effects. The purpose of your research is: a. exploration b. description c. explanation d. application

Q: Which method is NOT used in reality therapy?a. Behavior-oriented methodsb. Focus on past and childhoodc. Use of role playingd. Confronting clients

Q: What are the two major types of applied research? a. evaluation and problem analysis b. evaluation and policy analysis c. application and policy analysis d. problem and policy analysis

Q: Which of the following would NOT be a typical part of the reality therapy group?a. Exploring childhood experiencesb. Working on contractsc. Giving positive feedbackd. Exploring wants, needs, and hopes

Q: Which goal of sentencing attempts to convince the criminal through punishment that future crime would not be in their own future best interests?a. General deterrence b. Retributionc. Specific deterrence d. Incapacitation

Q: When we attempt to answer questions about why something happens, the purpose of our research is? a. exploration b. description c. explanation d. application

Q: Which of the following is NOT a key concept of reality therapy?a. Responsibilityb. Quality worldc. Exploring issues rooted in separation/individuationd. Emphasis on the present

Q: Using mandatory life sentences so criminals cannot hurt other citizens is the core goal of what?a. Restitution b. Incapacitationc. Retribution d. General deterrence

Q: The main task of the reality therapy group leader is a. to confront irrational beliefs. b. to become an existential partner with other searching members. c. to focus on ways of helping members gain insight into their own current behavior. d. to encourage members to make an evaluation of their present behavior.

Q: According to Glasser, all people have a need for a. striving for superiority. b. fun, freedom, and power. c. understanding why they do what they do. d. resolving polarities within them.