Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following is an example of a concept? a. height b. peer group c. weight d. age

Q: Elaborate on the court's involvement in concerns over the death penalty. Discuss relevant case law.

Q: List and briefly discuss the arguments for and against the death penalty.

Q: List the factors that influence sentencing and discuss how each factor does so.

Q: Which of the following is another word for objectivity? a. subjectivity b. intersubjective agreement c. attitudes d. religiosity

Q: Which type of research frequently involves the inductive method? a. field research b. experiments c. surveys d. use of existing data such as the Uniform Crime Reports

Q: Elaborate on the relationship between race and sentencing.

Q: Discuss whether or not determinate, mandatory, or truth-in-sentencing models deter crime?

Q: Which of the following is an example of subjectivity? a. which rap singer do you like the best b. what was your score on your first research methods exam c. did Judge Wilson have more mistrials than Judge Hughey d. how much tuition does your university charge for full time students

Q: Do judges have too much discretion when it comes to sentencing? Can sentencing guidelines or determinate sentencing control judicial discretion?

Q: Socrates is mortal and observing a number of other people. All the observed people are mortals. All people are mortal. This is an example of what type of logic? a. deductive b. observation c. inductive d. hypothesis

Q: Describe and contrast the sentencing models of indeterminate, and determinate.

Q: Which of the following is not an example of a type of statement? a. laws b. propositions c. axioms d. objectives

Q: Observation involves all of the following except: a. conducting experiments b. interviewing people c. watching people and detailing what you see d. statistical manipulation

Q: Elaborate on the major goals of criminal sentencing. What message regarding crime and criminals does each of these objectives convey?

Q: Discuss the history of punishment, including the rise of prisons.

Q: In the concentric zone theory of the "Chicago School" the zone of transition is characterized by: a. the citizens that formed the core of morality for the city b. the wealthiest citizens of Chicago c. low-income immigrants from Europe initially d. people who relocated from the suburbs

Q: Approximately half of the states have three strikes sentencing laws but all of them require the third felony to be ___________.

Q: Which of the following constitute facts related to variables? a. the empirical counterpart to a concept b. variables can only be one value c. more broad than concepts d. cannot be observed

Q: Which of the following is not an example of a concept? a. delinquency b. peer group c. indoor temperature d. social disorganization

Q: Describe the four steps that characterize the process of solution-focused brief therapy, which can also be applied to group counseling.

Q: Under truth in sentencing laws______inmates entering prison will serve an average of 88 months behind bars.

Q: Much of the current research in criminal justice and criminology focuses upon which of the following? a. basic building block of a concept b. concept's theoretical counterpart c. systematic explanation for the observed facts and laws that relate to a particular aspect of life d. principle or law

Q: The number of offenders being sent to prison today is_____ than a decade ago.

Q: Much of the current social science research has moved from description to: a. exploration b. explanation c. understanding d. theory

Q: The Supreme Court has limited the death penalty to first degree murder, and then only when_____________________ are present.

Q: The ecological approach to understanding crime suggests that human behavior is partially the result of the physical and social environment where the behavior takes place. a. True b. False

Q: Explain the miracle question and demonstrate its effectiveness.

Q: At the end of a session, the solution-focused group leader often gives feedback to group members in the form of compliments and suggestions. Illustrate what this might look like during a group session.

Q: Describe strengths and possible limitations in using solution-focused counseling with a multicultural population.

Q: Research on criminal justice policy is an example of applied research. a. True b. False

Q: In death penalty cases, as many as 25% of all_____ may be wrong.

Q: A paradigm and a theory refer to two different things. The paradigm is a fundamental model or scheme that organizes our view of something. a. True b. False

Q: In Ring v. Arizona, the Court found that ______not judges must make the critical findings that send convicted killers to death row

Q: Supporters of the death penalty argue that capital punishment conforms to the requirement that the punishment be_____to the crime.

Q: MI is about arranging conversations so that people talk themselves into change, based on their own values and interests. Briefly discus how this would work in a group setting.

Q: Establishing __________ from the beginning of a group lays the groundwork for effective termination. a. relationship b. clear goals c. homework assignments d. conflict

Q: A hypothesis is a specified expectation about an empirical reality derived from axioms. a. True b. False

Q: Grounded theory is used to describe the deductive method of theory construction. a. True b. False

Q: A _____describes the loss suffered by the victim of a crime.

Q: If a number of social scientists agree that a phenomenon exists, they are using intersubjective agreement for objectivity. a. True b. False

Q: The use of-____ factors such as offender age is a direct violation of the constitution.

Q: ________ is grounded on the optimistic assumption that people are resourceful and competent and have the ability to construct solutions that can change the direction of their lives. a. Motivational interviewing b. Cognitive therapy c. SFBT d. REBT

Q: In using scientific inquiry, in deduction we reason toward observations; in induction we reason from observations. a. True b. False

Q: Three-strikes laws are an example of a(n)_______ sentence.

Q: An effective integration of ____________ approaches facilitates change through a collaborative and respectful therapeutic relationship. a. SFBT and motivational interviewing b. motivational interviewing and cognitive therapy c. SFBT and cognitive therapy d. REBT and cognitive therapy

Q: Members of the lower social class may expect to get______ than more affluent defendants

Q: __________ shares a number of common factors with solution-focused brief therapy. a. Psychoanalytic therapy b. Cognitive therapy c. Motivational Interviewing d. REBT

Q: In deductive reasoning, one starts from a general law and applies that law to a particular instance. a. True b. False

Q: Solution-focused group counselors adopt a __________ as a route to putting group members into the position of being the experts about their own life. a. cognitive position b. not knowing position c. knowing position d. confrontational position

Q: The "Chicago School" founded by Burgess and Park was influential in our understanding of why children failed in schools. a. True b. False

Q: ______relies on a fixed term of incarceration set in law by the legislature.

Q: In the __________________, individuals intend to take action immediately and report some small behavioral changes. a. precontemplation stage b. contemplation stage c. preparation stage d. action stage

Q: Criminal Justice and human behavior can be studied scientifically. a. True b. False

Q: A sentence of three to twenty years for the crime of burglary is an example of a(n)_____sentence.

Q: The_____ goal of punishment means that an offender must pay back the victim for their loss.

Q: In the _________________, there is no intention of changing a behavior pattern. a. precontemplation stage b. contemplation stage c. preparation stage d. action stage

Q: Tradition and authority are forms of personal human inquiry. Give examples of each by using scenarios from the criminal justice field.

Q: _____were 16th century English laws that were used to put vagrants and abandoned children to work.

Q: MI emphasizes the ___________ of therapy, which is known as the "MI spirit." a. relational context b. cultural context c. familial context d. emotional context

Q: Explain the difference between quantitative and qualitative data. Give an example of each from the field of criminal justice. Can both quantitative and qualitative data be used in each of the four purposes of doing research? Why or why not?

Q: MI is designed to evoke and explore a. interviewing skills. b. intrapersonal barriers to connecting with others. c. ambivalence. d. unfinished business.

Q: Discuss the purposes of doing research. Give an example of each by using a hypothetical from the field of criminal justice.

Q: Judge Johnson believes that that an offender who is dead cannot commit any more crime. What is his rationale for supporting the death penalty?a. harsh punishment is morally correctb. the most serious punishment for the most serious crime c. justified to reduce the crime rated. homicide rates increase when the death penalty isn"t used

Q: Identify 3 errors in human inquiry. Explain each by using an example from the field of criminal justice.

Q: Rebecca is a 37 year old black women standing in front of Judge Johnson in absolute disbelief that she has not received a life sentence for killing her husband while he slept. She was in abusive marriage but just knew that the courts would lock her away from her children forever. How can you best explain Judge Johnson's decision?a. Judge Johnson is also black and therefore has more sympathy.b. Older offenders get sentenced to lesser punishments than the young. c. Minorities are sentenced to more prison time than whites.d. Women are more likely to be treated leniently.

Q: Reluctance to change is viewed as a(n) __________________ part of the therapeutic process. a. atypical b. normal and expected c. unpredictable d. pathological

Q: Discuss the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning. Give examples of each.

Q: Sean is a methamphetamine addict, he shot and killed the owner of video store during a robbery, and he assaulted one of the employees of that video store so badly she will never walk again. If Judge Johnson was going to sentence Sean to more than 5 years in prison, what should Judge Johnson consider above all other factors in sentencing him? a. Sean's violent tendencies b. Sean's addiction to meth c. Sean's motivation for robbery d. Sean's use of a weapon

Q: In the __________________ model of change, people are assumed to progress through a series of five identifiable stages in the counseling process. a. MI b. sequential c. transtheoretical d. transatlantic

Q: If there is a mismatch between process and stage a. movement through the stage will generally not be impeded. b. movement through the stage will occur at an accelerated pace. c. movement through the stage will be impeded and is likely to be manifested in reluctant behavior. d. members will be angry and invariably file an ethics complaint.

Q: Jeff Johnson is the newest judge to take the bench in the 5th district of Virginia. He spent 25 years as a prosecutor before being elected to the court. He is known for his lenient views on drugs and his extreme views on crimes of violence. Judge Johnson is about to sentence a drug offender for the 3rd time.Judge Johnson views drug abuse as a sickness and a public health not a criminal issue. What type of sentencing for this defendant would the judge likely favor?a. concurrent sentencingb. indeterminate sentencing c. determinate sentencingd. structured sentencing

Q: Moving from specific data to a general theory or understanding is called reasoning.

Q: If Caroline had been put to death for her crimes of shoplifting what philosophy or goal would that punishment best align with?a. wergildb. specific deterrence c. general deterrence d. just desert

Q: The "science of knowing" refers to .

Q: Practitioners of MI utilizeall of the following skills and strategies EXCEPT a. open-ended questions. b. affirming and supporting the client. c. summarizing and linking at the end of sessions. d. eliciting and reinforcing confrontational talk.

Q: Much of our knowledge is based on rather than on direct experience.

Q: Amputation of a hand or other body part as punishment for a crime of shoplifting aligns best with which idea behind the goals of punishment?a. the pain of punishment is greater than the rewardb. punishment keeps people from repeating their crimes c. an equitable solution to the crimed. a punishment that is proportionate to their crime

Q: MI emerged as a reaction against the prevailing _____________ model that focuses on problems. a. medical b. solution-focused c. feminist d. constructionist

Q: Both MI and SFBT reflect a _________________ thatargues for the existence of multiple social realities. a. deterministic philosophy b. social constructionist, postmodern philosophy c. superficial philosophy d. patriarchal philosophy