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Counseling
Q:
Which of the following theorists does NOT have a developmental model of career development?
a. Vondracek
b. Gottfredson
c. Holland
d. Super
Q:
The concept most similar to career maturity is
a. Erikson's vocational identity.
b. Holland's consistency.
c. Holland's congruence.
d. work adjustment theory's occupational reinforcers.
Q:
The contextually responsive career counseling system of Lapan and Turner includes all but ONE of the following theories or models?
a. Vondracek's identity concepts
b. Gottfredson's self-creation model
c. Bloch and Richmond's spirituality model
d. social cognitive career theory
Q:
Jama says "I would like to be a foreign language teacher." This is an example of Super's concept of
a. chalktalk.
b. occtalk.
c. psychtalk.
d. smalltalk.
Q:
Which of the following career counseling approaches is most concerned about cultural diversity?
a. cognitive information processing theory
b. Holland's theory
c. Hansen's holistic approach to life planning
d. Phillips's development relationship model
Q:
Jama says "I like to help others learn languages and about other cultures." This is an example of Super's concept of
a. chalktalk.
b. occtalk.
c. psychtalk.
d. smalltalk.
Q:
Which career decision-making theory is most likely to use the most structured approach to counseling?
a. cognitive information processing theory
b. a spiritual approach
c. Phillips's developmental relationship model
d. Myers-Briggs type theory
Q:
Developmental contextual theory represents the ideas of
a. Erickson.
b. Holland.
c. Super.
d. Vondracek.
Q:
Which theory is most concerned with how family issues and careers impact each other?
a. cognitive information theory
b. Hansen's holistic approach to life planning
c. social cognitive career theory
d. work adjustment theory
Q:
Vondracek's developmental-contextual career theory focuses on identity and
a. cultural or environmental factors.
b. disengagement or retirement.
c. resolution of vocational maturity.
d. withdrawal from society.
Q:
By controlling their career decision-making process, individuals are using which executive domain in cognitive information processing theory?
a. cognitive schemas
b. monitoring
c. self-awareness
d. self-talk
Q:
Jacob is a senior in high school who is not sure of what he would like to do when he graduates. He is not knowledgeable about work, career decision-making, and career planning. According to Super, his counselor should first assess his
a. career maturity.
b. fantasies.
c. interests.
d. personality.
Q:
Amanda is aware that she has been influenced by her older sister's goal to become an obstetrician, rather than focusing on her own interests. Amanda is using which of these cognitive information processing executive domains?
a. cognitive schemas
b. monitoring
c. self-awareness
d. self-talk
Q:
Howard is a 15 year-old sophomore in high school. He has no idea what he wants to do when he graduates from high school. According to Super, the counselor should first assess his _____________ before starting counseling.
a. career maturity
b. interests
c. values
d. abilities
Q:
Bernadette is upset about being passed over for a job promotion. She is planning an effective strategy so that she will be more likely to be promoted in the future. She is using this phase of cognitive information processing theory.
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
Q:
Kelvin is becoming aware of his social values and is considering the ministry as a career. According to Howard and Walsh he is probably at this level of vocational reasoning.
a. magical thinking.
b. interaction.
c. realism.
d. world-of-work information.
Q:
When Carol plans how she will be become a physician, she is using this phase of cognitive information processing theory:
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
Q:
Ervin, 11-years-old is considering work in the health care field. He is aware of some of his academic and other skills, but he is still unsure of what field he may enter. According to Howard and Walsh he would be at this level of vocational reasoning.
a. pure association.
b. magical thinking.
c. internal processes and capacities.
d. systemic interaction.
Q:
Jamelle has narrowed down his first, second and third career choices. He is most likely in this phase of cognitive information processing theory?
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
Q:
Harmon doesn't now how people find out about jobs or how they get occupational information. Harmon's thinking is best described by Super's concept of
a. Career exploration.
b. Decision-making.
c. Knowledge of the preferred occupational group.
d. World-of-work information.
Q:
When Armand asks what is the best career choice for him, he is asking a question that reflects which phase of cognitive information processing theory?
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
Q:
Helga has a good idea of why people change jobs and how they get important information about jobs. Helga's thinking is best described by Super's concept of
a. Career exploration.
b. Decision-making.
c. Knowledge of the preferred occupational group.
d. World-of-work information.
Q:
Dr. Almo is questioning whether he wants to continue being a dermatologist. He has made a list of 20 occupations to consider in more depth. He is using this aspect of cognitive information processing skills.
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
Q:
Dora says that her father will tell her what to do and she doesn't need to make career choices. Her behavior is best described by Super's concept of
a. Career exploration.
b. Decision-making.
c. Knowledge of the preferred occupational group.
d. World-of-work information.
Q:
Creating many possible career alternative is this aspect of cognitive information processing skills.
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
Q:
Devon knows how to make career plans and choices for the immediate future. This behavior is best described by Super's concept of
a. Career exploration.
b. Decision-making.
c. Knowledge of the preferred occupational group.
d. World-of-work information.
Q:
Reexamining interests and abilities would require this phase of cognitive information processing skills. a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
Q:
Tara is a tenth grader who actively reads career information and asks her parent's friends about their career. This behavior is best described by Super's concept of
a. Career exploration.
b. Decision-making.
c. Knowledge of the preferred occupational group.
d. World-of-work information.
Q:
Examining steps one and two of trait and factor theory would require this phase of cognitive information processing skills.
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
Q:
Which of Super's concepts of career maturity covers how much a student feels that he or she knows?
a. Career planning
b. Decision-making
c. Knowledge of the preferred occupational group
d. World-of-work information
Q:
In cognitive information processing theory, starting to think about problems in choosing a career would fit with this step.
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
Q:
Which of the following theorists examined how adolescent career development changes with age?
a. Myers
b. Gottfredson
c. Holland
d. Super
Q:
Ms. Nirlno has received a formal notification from her supervisor that her work is not meeting company expectations. She is upset and concerned. Which of these cognitive information processing skills is most likely being used as she contemplates her future?
a. communication
b. analysis
c. synthesis
d. valuing
e. execution
Q:
Amy is concerned about the effect that global warming is having on living things. Amy is most likely in which of these stages of Super's theory of career development?
a. capacities
b. fantasies
c. interests
d. values
Q:
The occupational knowledge domain of knowing about one's opinions about the world of work is most similar to
a. Holland's concept of consistency.
b. Myers-Briggs Type theory's concept of extraversion.
c. social cognitive career theory's concept of outcome expectations.
d. trait and factor theory's second step.
Q:
Arthur very much wants to help disadvantaged youth and, in general, wants to help adolescents. Arthur is most likely in which of these stages of Super's theory of career development?
a. capacities
b. fantasies
c. interests
d. values
Q:
The self-knowledge domain of cognitive information processing is most similar to
a. Holland's concept of congruence.
b. Myers-Briggs Type theory's concept of introversion.
c. social cognitive career theory's concept of self-efficacy
d. trait and factor theory's first step.
Q:
Harlene has always wanted to be a country and western singer. She has now realized that her singing voice is not of sufficient quality to become a professional singer. Harlene is most likely in which of these stages of Super's theory of career development?
a. capacities
b. fantasies
c. interests
d. values
Q:
Improving problem-solving abilities is an important goal of which of these career decision-making theories?
a. a spiritual approach
b. cognitive information processing
c. Phillips's developmental relational model.
d. Hansen's holistic approach to life planning.
Q:
A child who considers becoming an actor after watching a movie is most likely in which one of Super's stages of career development.
a. capacities
b. interests
c. transition
d. values
Q:
Cognitive schemas are
a. devious ways of learning.
b. cosmic virtues.
c. ways of grouping learned information.
d. identity crises.
Q:
According to Super, children at the age of 7 to 10 are most likely to base career choices on
a. capacities
b. fantasies
c. interests
d. values
Q:
An important influence on cognitive information processing theory is
a. cognitive therapy.
b. cognitive science.
c. social cognitive theory.
d. none of these.
Q:
Which of the following of Jean Piaget's stages most closely corresponds to Erik Erikson's identity stage?
a. sensorimotor
b. preoperational
c. concrete operations
d. formal operations
Q:
Using assessment instruments cautiously, so that they do not interfere with exploration of one's career choice fits with this approach or theory?
a. a spiritual approach to career development.
b. Holland's theory.
c. cognitive information processing theory.
d. trait and factor theory.
Q:
Adolescents are able to approach career decision-making by using abstract thinking. Using Jean Piaget's theory, which stage are they likely to be in?
a. sensorimotor
b. preoperational
c. concrete operations
d. formal operations
Q:
Enthusiasm for change is characteristic of this approach to career counseling:
a. cognitive information processing theory.
b. a spiritual approach to career development.
c. Phillips's developmental relational model.
d. work adjustment theory.
Q:
Which of the following activities is LEAST likely to be used in career education of third graders?
a. administration of the Self Directed Search
b. bringing in a guest speaker from the community
c. career films
d. writing a skit using occupational terms
Q:
Helping clients respect their lives and process their decisions is recommended by
a. cognitive information processing theory.
b. a spiritual approach to career development.
c. Myer-Briggs type theory.
d. work adjustment theory.
Q:
Which of the following is not a good example of a school-to-work activity?
a. game-like activities
b. interest centers in the classroom
c. aptitude test
d. writing a skit using occupational terms.
Q:
According to Bloch and Richmond, meditation can be helpful in one's career development because it brings
a. change.
b. harmony.
c. testing out.
d. a job that pays well.
Q:
School-to-work programs can be related to career development theories.
a. no
b. Super's
c. Myers-Briggs
d. work adjustment
Q:
According to Bloch and Richmond, individuals who are truly absorbed by their work and find it joyful are said to have
a. found their calling.
b. found their inner space.
c. reached the establishment stage.
d. reached the disengagement stage.
Q:
School-to-work education refers to education that takes place
a. at home.
b. in the classroom.
c. in the guidance office.
d. in the gym.
Q:
Community is an important aspect of Bloch and Richmond's spiritual approach. Which of the following is NOT a type of community that they describe?
a. communities of companionship
b. communities of culture
c. religious communities
d. the cosmic community
Q:
Ten year old Gloria wants to be a nurse anesthetist like her mother. Gottfredson would suggest that her counselor should have Gloria
a. be active in seeking occupational information.
b. take an interest inventory.
c. increase her level of extraversion.
d. increase her level of vocational maturity.
Q:
The concept of harmony is important in this theoretical approach to career development.
a. cognitive information processing
b. Krumboltz's social learning
c. spiritual
d. social cognitive
Q:
Gottfredson predicts that April's career decisions will be influenced by considerations of an orientation to her unique self from age 14 onward. This concept is called
a. career maturity.
b. circumscription.
c. compromise.
d. tolerable sex boundaries.
Q:
The concept of energy is important in this theoretical approach to career development.
a. cognitive information processing
b. Krumboltz's social learning
c. spiritual
d. social cognitive
Q:
Gottfredson predicts that Iris's career decisions will be influenced by gender role considerations from the age of 6 onward. This concept is called
a. career maturity.
b. circumscription.
c. compromise.
d. niche
Q:
According to Bloch and Richmond, changing one's view of time by experiencing the moment can help bring about in one's life.
a. a calling
b. balance
c. energy
d. unity
Q:
In deciding to be an elementary school teacher rather than a neurosurgeon, Georgia gave up her interests first, then her desire for prestige, and third her gender preference for an occupation. This scenario is best described by Gottfredson's concept of
a. career maturity.
b. circumscription.
c. compromise.
d. tolerable sex boundaries.
Q:
Helping clients have intentions, but not place time restrictions on them, is important to
a. cognitive information processing theory.
b. Myers-Briggs Type theory
c. social cognitive career theory.
d. a spiritual approach to career development.
Q:
Zakia is 16 and decides not to go to medical school because she is getting a C in biology. Which of the following of Gottfredson's concepts apply to her decision?
a. circumscription
b. compromise
c. life niche
d. social niche
Q:
Miller-Tiedeman's career decision-making theory would classify the statement, "I think that I could be a really good fighter pilot." as
a. common reality.
b. existential reality.
c. personal reality.
d. sequential reality.
Q:
Seeking out niches throughout one's life is a concept associated with
a. Gottfredson
b. Howard and Walsh
c. Super
d. Vondracek
Q:
Miller-Tiedeman's career decision-making theory would classify the statement, "Oscar enjoys English and would make a good English teacher." as
a. common reality.
b. existential reality.
c. personal reality.
d. sequential reality.
Q:
Gottfredson has developed the concept of niche. Which of these is an inappropriate use of the term niche?
a. birth niche
b. conventional niche
c. life niche
d. social niche
Q:
In her Lifecareer Theory, Miller-Tiedeman emphasizes the importance of listening to in making career decisions.
a. experts in specific occupations
b. expert advice from counselors
c. friends and family
d. one's self
Q:
According to Gottfredson, life settings and roles that individuals occupy are called
a. concepts.
b. environments.
c. niches.
d. traits.
Q:
In a spiritual approach to career counseling, the counselor focuses on
a. the past.
b. the present.
c. the future.
d. all of the above.
Q:
Gottfredson relies on a theory that explains the process of children's learning which includes biological and social factors that is called
a. gene-drives-experience theory.
b. socialization theory.
c. trait and factor theory.
d. work adjustment theory.
Q:
Self acceptance and reducing stress are an important aspect of this career development theory.
a. Holland's typology
b. social learning theory
c. a spiritual approach
d. work adjustment theory
Q:
Which of the following theorists describes in detail how biological factors influence career development?
a. Erikson
b. Gottfredson
c. Holland
d. Super
Q:
Lifecareer is an example of a (an) approach to career decision-making.
a. crisis
b. prescriptive
c. spiritual
d. trait and factor
Q:
Gottfredson presents a theory of self creation that relies on an in depth view of.
a. attitudes
b. biological factors
c. self concept
d. values
Q:
Counselor A believes that the career decision-making is a process and that there is no Abest@ way to make career decisions. Her approach would best be called
a. descriptive.
b. existential.
c. prescriptive.
d. sequential.
Q:
According to Gottfredson, the orientation to social valuation when considering occupations is most likely to take place between the ages of
a. 6-8.
b. 9-13.
c. 14- 16.
d. 17-19.
Q:
Professor X has developed a theory of career decision-making that he feels would help all students make better career choices. His approach would best be called
a. descriptive.
b. existential.
c. prescriptive.
d. sequential.
Q:
When Florence, an 8 year old second grade student, sees only male carpenters building the new house next door, she concludes that she could not become a carpenter because she is not male. According to Gottfredson, Florence is developing
a. a focus on prestige.
b. an inferiority complex.
c. concrete operations.
d. tolerable sex type boundaries.