Q&A Hero

Q: The USAPA expands the use of racial and ethnic profiling in transportation hubs such as airports and train stations. a. Trueb. False

Q: affords a comparatively long-term time series that monitors the most serious medical consequences of drug use.

Q: systems have been developed to obtain alternative measures of drug use.

Q: The Earth Liberation Front is considered by most to be a revolutionary terrorist group. a. Trueb. False

Q: Carding and spoofing are concepts associated with Mortgage fraud. a. Trueb. False

Q: Samples based on households may not be readily to other populations, as well as results obtained from high school seniors.

Q: There are no nationwide efforts to collect self-report measures to all types of crimes.

Q: Delinquency, , and crimes rarely observed may be measured by self-report surveys.

Q: Cyber stalking usually pertains to threatening or harassing email messages, instant messages or blog entries dedicated solely to tormenting an individual. a. True b. False

Q: A Trojan horse is a benign application that contains illicit codes that can damage system operations. a. True b. False

Q: The challenge of developing reliable and valid measures of such offenses as drug use has prompted researchers and policy makers to search for approaches.

Q: Market Manipulation is one of three major types of Internet Securities Fraud that is common today. a. True b. False

Q: Like reporting, NIBRS is voluntary; no agency is required to submit crime reports to the FBI in any form.

Q: is an effort to convert the UCR to a more comprehensive crime report.

Q: According to the United States Criminal Code, a first-time illegal copyright offender will be fined $250,000. A second-time offender will receive 5 years incarceration. a. True b. False

Q: UCR crime data is compiled by the .

Q: Two methods that police come to know about crimes are and reports by others.

Q: Salami Slice fraud is where the perpetrator carefully skims small sums from the balances of a large number of accounts in order to bypass internal controls and escape detection a. True b. False

Q: The victim in crimes such as prostitution, drug use and bookmaking is .

Q: Cyber terrorism may result in a battered economy in which the government is forced to spend more on the military and cut back on social programs and education. a. True b. False

Q: Management Fraud is a recent phenomenon.. a. True b. False

Q: At a minimum, crimes need to have a(n) to be considered a crime.

Q: In the case of the massive BP oil spill, to prove a felony, the government has to show that company officials knew in advance that their actions would lead to the explosion/oil spill and chose to ignore the danger a. True b. False

Q: One of the largest and fastest growing problems is the disposal of tons upon tons of obsolete high-tech electronics a. True b. False

Q: The four elements of a crime for reporting purposes are offender, victim, , and incident.

Q: In illegal dumping, illegal wastes have to be hazardous waste materials a. True b. False

Q: of crime are important for many criminal justice research purposes.

Q: One purpose for measuring crime is to: a. anticipate correctional facility populations b. predict future crime trends c. monitor potential threats to public safety and security d. estimate the economic costs associated with crime

Q: Law enforcement and the courts have traditionally been reluctant to throw corporate executives in jail a. True b. False

Q: Bernie Madoff, the mastermind behind the largest criminal conspiracy in history has been sentenced to death and is currently awaiting execution in a NY prison. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following is used to gather data for the National Survey on Drug Use and Health? a. households b. schools c. doctors d. prisons

Q: Discuss three problems with the current structure of the juvenile court. Can the juvenile court system sustain itself and dispense justice if these problems continue?

Q: Data that is based upon households has which of the following as potential problems? a. they are inherently inaccurate b. law enforcement cannot use them c. they are difficult to generalize to other populations d. they are not that different from official measures like NIBRS

Q: What is considered a major draw-back to the accuracy of NCVS data? a. it does not explain all crime that goes unreported b. it does not allow the estimate of victimizations for individual cities c. it is not a thorough as UCR d. all of the above

Q: The most widely used measures of crime are based on police records and are commonly referred to as: a. crimes known to police b. victimless crimes c. unreportable crimes d. none of the above

Q: Summarize the arguments for and against retaining the juvenile court. Discuss the potential ramifications of the demise of the juvenile court.

Q: Discuss the three reform efforts that have been undertaken in the area of juvenile sentencing. How might these reforms change the juvenile justice system?

Q: Most of us have committed traffic offenses and have not been caught. This statement reinforces the fact that: a. crime is not measureable b. crimes known to the police are not a good measure for some offenses c. most traffic offenses are not crimes d. none of the above

Q: According to your text, what do police cite as a main problem to the enforcement of drug laws? a. the laws are too complicated b. drug use/sales are normally not witnessed by the police c. drug users/seller will not tell on one another d. all the above

Q: What are the major factors influencing the decision to waive a juvenile into adult court?

Q: Explain the four ways states allow juveniles to be tried as adults in the criminal courts.

Q: When crimes happen at home and/or against persons, what is the best measure to use if the crimes are not reported to police? a. NCVS b. DAWN c. UCR d. NIBRS

Q: Discuss the legal rights of juveniles, including specific reference to relevant legal cases.

Q: Discuss the factors that are believed to be significant in police decision making regarding juvenile offenders.

Q: Which technique is best for measuring crimes that do not have easily identifiable victims? a. NCVS b. UCR c. NIBRS d. Self-report surveys

Q: Compare and contrast the juvenile justice system and the adult criminal justice system.

Q: Betsie developed a definition of school bullying in such a way that this concept represented what researchers in the field have come to agree upon as the concept's meaning. Betsie developed a/an: a. conceptualization process b. operational definition c. real definition d. nominal definition

Q: Use an example from criminal justice and create an index.

Q: Discuss the measures used to insure reliability: test-retest method, inter-rater, and split-half method.

Q: Discuss the shifts in U.S. juvenile justice philosophy that began in the 1960s.

Q: Discuss the history and development of juvenile justice. Include a discussion of the child savers and their vision of juvenile justice.

Q: Brought to England from the American colonies_____ and destitute children.

Q: Discuss the threat to validity. Cover the following threats: face, content, criterion-related, and construct.

Q: For each of the following variables, give its level of measurement and whether the variable is discrete or continuous. a.________________ ________________ verdict at trialb.________________ ________________ gender of victim c.________________ ________________ age of offender d.________________ ________________ violent offendere.________________ ________________ ranks in a police department

Q: The philosophy called the_____ has been in effect since 2000 and still operates today.

Q: Before trial, prosecutors in the juvenile courts may attempt to negotiate a settlement to the case. This is called______in the juvenile system.

Q: Identify the four levels of measurement and give examples of each.

Q: Researchers combine in different ways to produce different composite measures.

Q: Combining measures often produces more valid and reliable indicators.

Q: In a_____ the prosecutor has the discretion of filing charges in either juvenile or criminal court.

Q: Content validity refers to the degree to which a measure covers the range of meanings included within the ____________________.

Q: A______ is the same thing as a prison in the adult criminal system.

Q: validity refers to particular empirical measures that may or may not accurately reflect the common agreements on concepts.

Q: In the case of New Jersey v. T.L.O., the court determined that the_____ Amendment applies to school searches.

Q: ______marks the final stage of the formal juvenile justice process.

Q: The method lays the groundwork for a check on reliability in regards to making multiple measures of the same complex concept.

Q: ______means removing non-criminal youths convicted on status offenses from institutions housing delinquents.

Q: Some believe a " ______" approach will mostly affect minority youths and enmesh them in an already unfairsystem

Q: Reliability does not ensure any more than precision ensures it.

Q: is a matter of whether a particular measurement technique, applied repeatedly to the same object, will yield the same result each time.

Q: Variables whose attributes have only the characteristics of exhaustiveness and mutual exclusiveness are ____________________ measures.

Q: The_____ is the proceeding in which the court decides on the most appropriate treatment for a delinquent.

Q: An adjudication is also called a(n) _____hearing.

Q: The conceptualization and operationalization processes can be seen as the specification of variables and the ____________________ composing them.

Q: A definition that spells out precisely how the concept will be measured is known as .

Q: Most incarcerated youths are ______, ______, or offenders

Q: The process of regarding as real things that are not is called .

Q: The term "agree to a finding" is used in place of_____ when plea bargaining juvenile cases.

Q: Specifying the different of a concept often paves the way for a more sophisticated understanding of what we are studying.

Q: Juvenile offenders who commit serious crimes may be_____ to adult court.