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Counseling
Q:
Janice has just started a job as an emergency room physician. Although she has worked in hospitals before in an emergency room, she is nervous about her responsibilities in her first full time job. According to Super, she is currently in this substage:
a. advancing
b. crystallizing
c. specifying
d. stabilizing
Q:
Which of the following is a common career counseling skill?
a. evaluating employee performance
b. evaluating want ads
c. reflecting concerns about finding a job
d. rewriting occupational information
Q:
Hearing that her job has been terminated, Eleanor has responded by saying, "I never will get another job. There is no other work that I can do." Her counselor responds by saying, "There are other jobs that you can do. I will help you consider other types of work." The counselor's statements most clearly fits
a. Holland's theory.
b. Myers- Briggs Type theory.
c. social learning theory.
d. Super's developmental theory.
Q:
Brenda wants to be a soil analyst. She is single and has found a job 2,000 miles away from her home. She decides to take it because she feels she has no one else to care of besides herself. According to Arnett, she is in this stage:
a. age of instability.
b. age of identity.
c. age of feeling in-between.
d. self-focused stage.
Q:
Which of the following career counseling skills are counselors least likely to use if a client is concerned about being able to be accepted at veterinary school?
a. reflecting worry about being accepted.
b. advising the client her grades are too low.
c. giving information about veterinary school requirements
d. asking about problems with pre-veterinary requirements.
Q:
The career development theory that focuses on the effect that actions of others have on a client's career choice is
a. Gottfredson's theory.
b. social cognitive career theory.
c. Phillips's theory.
d. spirituality theories.
Q:
Len is a college sophomore, majoring in agricultural management. He is finding that he would prefer livestock management to other types of farming. According to Super, he is currently in this substage:
a. consolidating
b. curiosity
c. implementing
d. stabilizing
Q:
AChunking@ refers to
a. taking pieces from a theory.
b. how long it takes to learn theoretical concepts
c. how many ideas can be processed at once.
d. how large a career development theory is.
Q:
Actions of others is a concept that is associated with this theory.
a. Gottfredson's theory
b. Holland's theory
c. Phillips's theory
d. work adjustment theory
Q:
Lorna is a college senior who regrets the fact that she has majored in philosophy. She is not sure, but believes she would like to study geography or possibly demography. According to Super, she is currently in this substage:
a. crystallizing
b. implementing
c. specifying
d. stabilizing
Q:
A client who says, AI want to be an airplane pilot but I want to know how to get the training I need and want to find out@is stating an
a. explicit goal
b. implicit goal.
c. inappropriate goal.
d. unreachable goal.
Q:
Which theory views career counseling as dealing with the client's story?
a. Holland's theory
b. narrative counseling
c. Phillips's theory
d. Super's theory
Q:
Karen is a college senior who plans to be an electrical engineer. She is now interviewing with potential employers to decide where she might like to work. According to Super, she is currently in this substage:
a. crystallizing
b. holding
c. specifying
d. updating
Q:
A client who says "To reduce my anxiety on the job I would like to learn how to deal with my boss's temper" is stating an
a. explicit goal.
b. implicit goal.
c. inappropriate goal.
d. unreachable goal.
Q:
Because Ellsworth enjoys interacting with others rather than thinking about his own motives, and he makes decisions more on his judgments rather than his perception of events, his counselor finds this theory useful in thinking about Ellsworth's work adjustment.
a. constructivist theory.
b. Holland's theory.
c. Myers-Briggs Type theory.
d. Super's theory.
Q:
Joan is a college senior who plans to work as an administrator in a community agency. However, she is not sure which type of community agency she would like to work in. According to Super, she is currently in this substage:
a. crystallizing
b. implementing
c. specifying
d. stabilizing
Q:
Career development theory provides a means of understanding
a. counseling techniques.
b. client's career concerns.
c. personality theory.
d. test and inventory manuals.
Q:
Brian is having difficulty networking with employers. His counselor finds that Brian is preoccupied by his inner world rather than the outer world that deals with employment. His counselor is using
a. constructivist theory
b. Holland's theory.
c. Myers-Briggs Type theory.
d. work adjustment theory.
Q:
John is a high school senior who is not sure what he wants to do. He is considering business careers and is learning some of the skills that are required for a variety of business careers. According to Super, he is currently in this substage:
a. crystallizing
b. implementing
c. specifying
d. stabilizing
Q:
In which of these ways can assessment instruments play a major role in career development theory?
a. ensure the reliability of a test
b. ensure that appropriate norms are used
c. to develop a counselor's counseling skills
d. to develop and verify constructs
Q:
Alice is having difficulty selling herself to employers. Her counselor concludes that her reticent nature reflects her Realistic rather than Enterprising personality. Her counselor is using
a. cognitive information processing theory.
b. Holland's theory.
c. Myers-Briggs Type theory.
d. work adjustment theory.
Q:
Growth and changes that take place within one of Super's five stages of adult development are referred to as
a. lifecycle
b. maxicycle
c. minicycle
d. recycling
Q:
An interest inventory that accurately measures a wide variety of individual interests and predicts later occupational entry is said to
a. be less useful than a test of abilities.
b. be reliable .
c. be valid.
d. verify a career development theory.
Q:
Which of these features of group career counseling is also available in individual career counseling?
a. being motivated by peers
b. gaining self-understanding
c. having an opportunity to assist others
d. learning from others in a similar situation
Q:
Which term did Super use to describe the five major life stages?
a. lifecycle
b. maxicycle
c. minicycle
d. recycling
Q:
A reliable test
a. is a valid test.
b. is a widely used test.
c. is one which is consistent with career development theory.
d. yields similar results when given on more than one occasion.
Q:
Computer assisted guidance systems differ from tests and inventories in that computer guidance systems
a. are potentially unethical.
b. contain an occupational data base.
c. have a self-assessment component.
d. have no relationship to career development theory.
Q:
Which of the following indicators of the salience of life roles most closely fits significant assessment aspects of work adjustment theory?
a. commitment
b. knowledge
c. participation
d. values expectation
Q:
A test that is both dependable and consistent is
a. appropriately normed.
b. reliable.
c. valid.
d. valuable.
Q:
Which of the following features are associated with computer guidance software, but not with tests or inventories?
a. being interactive
b. being theoretically sound
c. not decision focused
d. potentially unethical
Q:
Isabelle is depressed and stays in bed all day rather than making sales calls on her customers. She says she should go to work but doesn"t. Which of the following indicators of the salience of life roles best describes her? Lack of
a. commitment
b. knowledge
c. participation
d. values expectation
Q:
Counseling helping skills are
a. not used in career counseling.
b. the same as career development theory.
c. applicable to career counseling.
d. skills used in normal conversation.
Q:
Computer assisted guidance tools, such as DISCOVER and SIGI3, tend to be most similar to
a. Gottfredson's theory.
b. the spiritual approach
c. trait and factor theory.
d. work adjustment theory.
Q:
Isaac is 15, a junior in high school. He doesn't do his home work instead he watches talk shows. From the perspective of Super's life roles, which of the following sentences best describes this scenario?
a. He doesn't like working or physical activity.
b. He is not knowledgeable about or committed to working.
c. He participates in leisure activities rather than studying.
d. His parents have been unable to discipline him.
Q:
Career counseling skills are
a. similar to general counseling skills.
b. the concepts described by career development tests and inventories.
c. the concepts that are described by career development theory.
d. the same as normal conversational skills.
Q:
Which of these instruments is the most cost effective as a guidance tool?
a. Holland's Self-Directed Search
b. Minnesota Importance Questionnaire
c. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
d. Scholastic Assessment Tests
Q:
Grace is 13 and has learned a lot about skateboarding. Which of the following indicators of the salience of life roles best describes her?
a. commitment
b. knowledge
c. participation
d. values expectation
Q:
The Person-Environment Fit model studies
a. the interaction between individuals and their environment
b. individual mental fitness.
c. well normed data.
d. psychological maturity.
Q:
Which of these instruments can be considered a self-counseling instrument?
a. Holland's Self-Directed Search
b. Minnesota Importance Questionnaire
c. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
d. Scholastic Assessment Test
Q:
Alfred has been an auto mechanic for two years. At first, he enjoyed his work, but now he is not sure. However, he comes to work each day. Which of the following indicators of the salience of life roles best describes him?
a. commitment
b. knowledge
c. participation
d. values expectation
Q:
Which of the following is LEAST important in selecting a career development theory to apply to counseling?
a. client population that the counselor serves
b. ease of use in applying the theory in the counseling setting
c. the counselor's theory of counseling
d. the inventories and tests that the counselor studied in preparation for career counseling
Q:
Screening methods are NOT used in counseling to
a. find which individuals can benefit most from career counseling
b. provide career counseling for students who are planning to look for work as soon as they have graduated from high school.
c. separate clients into groups so that appropriate interventions can be provided depending on test score.
Q:
Gloria is a sophomore in college and plans to study hard the remainder of the year, in part, because she skipped many of her classes and spent Thursday through Sunday drinking beer with her friends. Which of the following indicators of the salience of life roles best describes her belief?
a. commitment
b. knowledge
c. participation
d. values expectation
Q:
Which of the following theories would be best to use?
a. A broad and comprehensive theory that is not clear enough to be tested.
b. A theory with precise but limited predictions.
c. A theory with unclear rules but interesting and creative ideas.
d. A theory with undefined terms but much popular following.
Q:
Screening methods are often used in career counseling to
a. decide which theories should be used in career counseling.
b. evaluate counselor competence.
c. find which individuals can benefit most from career counseling.
d. help students who are planning to look for work as soon as they have graduated from high school.
Q:
Melville believes that religion is extremely important in his life and that it should be to others as well. Which of the following indicators of the salience of life roles best describes his belief?
a. commitment
b. knowledge
c. participation
d. values expectation
Q:
Which of the following is NOT important in evaluating a theory?
a. being consistent
b. being explicit about rules
c. chunking
d. making precise predictions.
Q:
Which theory connects LEAST well with Hansen's integrative life planning approach?
a. cognitive information processing theory.
b. a spiritual approach.
c. narrative career counseling.
d. Super's developmental theory
Q:
After work, Jennie spends much of her time doing volunteer work in a mission, helping to care for the homeless. Which of Super's life roles describes these activities?
a. community service
b. home and family
c. studying
d. working
Q:
Which of the following is NOT important in evaluating a theory?
a. being consistent
b. being explicit about rules
c. making precise predictions
d. giving accurate occupational information
Q:
Hansen's emphasis on connecting family to work is most similar to
a. cognitive information processing theory.
b. social learning theory.
c. family systems therapy.
d. psychoanalysis.
Q:
Which of Super's life roles is emphasized by general trait and factor theory?
a. community service
b. home and family
c. leisure activities
d. studying
e. working
Q:
In general, theories shoulda. be clear about counseling techniques to use.b. be clear about counseling goals.c. be precise about predictions.d. be precise about which assessment instruments to use.
Q:
Social cognitive career theory and Hansen's holistic approach share this in common.
a. a focus on behavior
b. a focus on cognition
c. a focus on typologies
d. a focus on women and culturally diverse populations
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of Super's life roles?
a. community service
b. conventional
c. studying
d. working
Q:
When newspapers list a series of want adds for accountants, the heading "accountant" refers to
a. career.
b. employee satisfaction.
c. occupation.
d. salary.
Q:
Hansen's holistic approach to life planning is most similar to
a. cognitive information processing.
b. Myers Briggs Type theory.
c. a spiritual approach.
d. trait and factor theory
Q:
Which of these is NOT one of Super's life roles?
a. community service
b. investing
c. studying
d. working
Q:
Alvin is concerned that he is no longer as interested in being an electrical engineer as he once was. Alvin is raising questions about his
a. career.
b. validity.
c. theory.
d. norms.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a type of trait and factor theory?
a. constructivist theory
b. Holland's theory
c. Myers-Briggs Type theory
d. work adjustment theory
Q:
Which of the following statements is most accurate?
a. Gender-role stereotyping is common among children, but not adolescents.
b. Gender-role stereotyping is common among adolescents, but not children.
c. Gender-role stereotyping is common among adolescents and children.
d. Gender-role stereotyping is uncommon among adolescents and children.
Q:
If an employer advertises in the newspaper for a cashier to work in her pharmacy, she is concerned with which of these concepts
a. career.
b. career choice.
c. employee satisfaction.
d. occupation.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a type of trait and factor theory?
a. Holland's theory
b. Myers-Briggs Type theory
c. Super's theory
d. work adjustment theory
Q:
Sharon has decided to major in animal science and plans to be a veterinarian. Sharon is in which one of Marcia's stages?
a. achievement
b. diffusion
c. foreclosure
d. moratorium
Q:
Career counseling may address
a. the reliability coefficients of assessment instruments.
b. the development of the Occupational Outlook Handbook.
c. the contributions of the National Career Development Association.
d. personal issues.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a type of trait and factor theory?
a. Holland's theory
b. Hopson and Adam's theory
c. Myers-Briggs Type theory
d. work adjustment theory
Q:
Jamal has decided to major in economics and plans to go to business school, a career choice that has depended on Jamal's thoughtfulness. Jamal is in which one of Marcia's stages?
a. achievement
b. diffusion
c. foreclosure
d. moratorium
Q:
Most writers believe that personal and career counseling
a. can be done by the same person if the counselor recognizes that the two types of counseling are significantly different.
b. have little in common, as personal issues do not affect career issues.
c. overlap considerably as both career and personal issues affect each other.
d. should be done by different individuals with different qualifications.
Q:
Morris believes that medical school is open only to wealthy students. Which theorists would MOST likely correct Morris's mistaken beliefs?
a. constructivist
b. Krumboltz social learning theorists
c. spiritual career theory
d. work adjustment theorists
Q:
Bonita is uncertain of what she will do when she graduates college. She wants to take a semester off to find out. Bonita is in which one of Marcia's stages?
a. achievement
b. diffusion
c. foreclosure
d. moratorium
Q:
Which theory would be least appropriate for individuals WITHOUT some work experience?
a. Gottfredson's theory
b. Myers-Briggs Type theory
c. trait and factor theory
d. work adjustment theory
Q:
Vonda wants to take a year off between high school and college to clear her mind. Vonda is in which one of Marcia's stages?
a. achievement
b. diffusion
c. foreclosure
d. moratorium
Q:
Which theory provides a theoretical model for supplementing Super's theory of adolescent career development
a. Myers-Briggs Type theory
b. Howard and Walsh
c. trait and factor theory
d. work adjustment theory
Q:
Eric is not sure he knows what he wants to do when he graduates high school. He feels this is an unimportant issue that only his parents are concerned about. Eric is in which one of Marcia's stages?
a. achievement
b. diffusion
c. foreclosure
d. moratorium
Q:
Which theory provides a theoretical model for understanding the career development of elementary school children?
a. Gottfredson's theory
b. Myers-Briggs Type theory
c. trait and factor theory
d. work adjustment theory
Q:
Kaylie has decided that she will be an engineer because her parents are engineers. She has not thought much about other occupations. According to Marcia, she is in the stage.
a. achievement
b. diffusion
c. foreclosure
d. moratorium
Q:
Which of the following theorists does NOT have a developmental model of career development?
a. cognitive information processing theorists
b. Vondracek
c. Gottfredson
d. Super
Q:
Howard and Walsh's level of systemic interaction is most similar to Vondracek or Marcia's stage of?
a. achievement
b. diffusion
c. foreclosure
d. moratorium
Q:
Which of the following theorists does NOT have a developmental model of career development?
a. Vondracek
b. Gottfredson
c. Blustein
d. Super
Q:
Which of Erik Erikson's stages have had the most influence on the study of career development in adolescence?
a. anal stage
b. fantasy stage
c. identity
d. role formation stage