Q&A Hero

Q: a. hearing the richness of human experience b. sifting through layers of context c. recognizing shared meanings d. all of these answers are correct

Q: Punishments such as arrest and formal sanctions have been shown to deter sociopaths. a. True b. False

Q: Memoing is the process of: a. taking notes during research b. writing notes about the research process from beginning to end c. challenging ones conceptions of data d. recording field notes

Q: ADHD has been linked to antisocial behavior. a. True b. False

Q: Rapport is the process of: a. connecting with participants b. challenging participants c. understanding oneself in the context of the participant d. manipulating data to appease participants

Q: The death penalty has been shown to be a deterrent to violent crime. a. True b. False

Q: The primary purpose of the probe in a line of questioning is to: a. prompt participants into providing more detail b. scare participants from participating in research c. make participants uncomfortable during research d. challenge participants to change their answers

Q: According to social control theorists, society produces criminals by stigmatizing certain individuals as deviant. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following is NOT a framework for designing qualitative interviews: a. diachronic b. synchronic c. tetronic d. all of these are frameworks for designing qualitative interviews

Q: The majority of survey research is conducted using this type of interview schedule: a. structured b. semi-structured c. unstructured d. random

Q: Cognitive psychologists are concerned with the way people perceive and mentally representthe world in which they live. a. True b. False

Q: A variety of approaches towards compensating research participants exist, one of the most rewarding is: a. letting them see the data later b. providing them with a stake in the project c. using their information with no compensation whatsoever d. none of these answers are correct

Q: Alexithymia is a disorder characterized by an inability to concentrate, loss of appetite, and hopelessness. a. True b. False

Q: People suffering from conduct disorder have difficulty following rules and behaving in a socially acceptable way. a. True b. False

Q: High-caliber qualitative studies: a. retain richness b. recognize meaning c. do not lose track of context d. all of these answers are correct

Q: As opposed to survey research, a qualitative interview is more: a. data driven b. interactive c. difficult to do d. linear

Q: Explain three ways the UCR expresses crime data.

Q: A great way to make sense of qualitative data is through: a. thinking units b. mental blocks c. linear regression d. none of these answers are correct

Q: Explain how the NIBRS improves problems in UCR data.

Q: Explain how three strikes and truth-in-sentencing laws are intended to stop chronic offenders.

Q: In relationship to the qualitative interviews, field notes should be written: a. during the interview b. weeks later c. prior to the interview d. promptly after completing the interview

Q: Explain why some criminologists believe that there is likely to be a convergence in male andfemale offending.

Q: Explain the differences in offending patterns between youths and the elderly. What differences exist and what are some of the possible explanation for these differences?

Q: Qualitative interviewing by its very nature is: a. subjective b. objective c. hard d. easy

Q: Which of the following is not utilized in the process of gaining access to formal organizations: a. sponsor b. cold call c. letter d. meeting

Q: Briefly explain how the weather is thought to influence violent and property offenses.

Q: Explain the three primary reasons why UCR data is suspect.

Q: Which of the following is not a type of focus group: a. natural group b. artificial group c. contrived group d. all of these are types of focus groups

Q: is the most open style of interviewing: a. unstructured b. structured c. quantitative d. hybrid

Q: According to the text, burglary and robbery are commonly confused. Define both crimes andexplain the difference with examples of each offense type.

Q: Discuss the Delinquency in A Birth cohort study and how its findings have shaped criminaljustice policy.

Q: Which of the following is not a type of interview used in qualitative research: a. structured b. semi-structured c. unstructured d. all of these types of interviews are used in qualitative research

Q: Describe the relationship between gender and crime and the various theories that have beendeveloped to explain this relationship.

Q: Both structured and semi structured interviews have standardized questions. a. True b. False

Q: Focus groups are not typically of value in the qualitative interview process. a. True b. False

Q: How has legalized abortion helped to reduce crime rates?

Q: Discuss how the economy plays a role in crime rates.

Q: Qualitative data analysis usually begins with data management and reduction. a. True b. False

Q: Discuss the recent trends in violent and property crime in the United States. How do thesecompare to violent and property crime rates internationally?

Q: Qualitative data may be recorded through a variety of mediums. a. True b. False

Q: Reflexivity refers to objectivity in the interview process. a. True b. False

Q: Discuss the three main areas of concern for the validity of the Uniform Crime Report.

Q: Compare and contrast the UCR, NCVS, and self-report surveys in terms of measuring crimetrends.

Q: A structured interview schedule refers to a predetermined question and answer set. a. True b. False

Q: Individual contribution to a topic of study is known as the structural functionist perspective. a. True b. False

Q: Discuss the three main categories of crime.

Q: Discuss the three approaches to defining crime.

Q: Richness, meaning, and shared cultural values are important parts of the qualitative interview. a. True b. False

Q: The theory of __________ suggests that slavery, racism, and the destruction of black culturehave created a criminal justice system that incarcerates blacks at higher rates than whites.

Q: Studying how people think is not an appropriate topic of study for a qualitative interview. a. True b. False

Q: Qualitative interviews are based on a deliberate plan but are inherently flexible. a. True b. False

Q: Which type of question should be avoided on a questionnaire? a. short items b. contingency questions c. ambiguous questions d. matrix questions

Q: _____________ crimes include offenses such as selling narcotics to obtain access to goods andservices that are otherwise unobtainable.

Q: "Do you support the reduction of property taxes and the construction of a state prison near Atlanta?" is an example of what sort of question? a. double-barreled b. biased c. negative d. too long

Q: Public order crimes such as prostitution and drug abuse are also referred to as ____________crimes.

Q: ___________ is the legal term for theft.

Q: Which of the following statements is not true concerning surveys? a. surveys are high on reliability b. surveys are low on reliability c. surveys are high on generalizability d. surveys are low on validity

Q: A mock jury is an example of: a. open ended questions b. interviews c. focus group d. survey designs

Q: The consensus view rests on the assumption that criminal law has a ___________ function.

Q: Which of the following represent advantages to the use of computer aided interviews? a. the cost of the hardware and software is quite high b. large scale systematic error can happen c. batteries of laptops don"t last long, and computers and software are subject to malfunctions d. they prompt the researcher with the questions

Q: ________________ are criminal acts directed toward a particular person or members of a groupbecause they share a discernible racial, ethnic, religious, or gender characteristic.

Q: People who wage campaigns to control behaviors they view as immoral or wrong are referredto as _____________________________.

Q: Which of the following have been identified as advantages of the use of computer assisted interviewing? a. respondents seem to sense a greater degree of confidentiality b. get more "productive" answers to questions dealing with topics such as drug use c. increase the speed and efficiency of the responses d. all of the above

Q: Which of the following is not an advantage of the use of matrix questions? a. they are faster to complete for respondents b. they do not take much thought on the part of the respondents to answer c. they use space efficiently d. the format increases the comparability of responses given to different questions for the respondent as well as the researcher

Q: The ____________ view of crime maintains that criminal law is created and enforced by thosewho hold political and economic power.

Q: __________________ involves the criminal activity of people and organizations whoseacknowledged purpose is economic gain through illegal enterprises.

Q: Employee pilferage, bribery, commodities law violations, mail fraud, computer fraud, andembezzlement are examples of _________ crimes.

Q: Contingency questions are appropriate when: a. certain questions are clearly relevant to only some of the respondents and irrelevant to others b. you want the respondents to write out an answer c. you want the respondents to rank their answers on a scale d. you want to impress the respondents with your questions

Q: ____________________ is the term commonly used to describe persistent repeat offenderswho organize their lifestyle around criminality.

Q: Which of the following is not a concern when a questionnaire is not formatted properly? a. respondents may miss questions b. respondents may finish the questionnaire too quickly c. respondents may throw the questionnaire away d. respondents may become confused about the nature of the data desired

Q: What procedures can help to guard against a socially desirable response when using self-report items? a. one of the purposes of self-report items is to get socially desirable responses b. ask what they think other people do before asking what they do c. use legal definitions d. ask only a few questions

Q: The view that younger African American males are subject to greater police control when theirnumbers increase within the population is known as ____________________ theory.

Q: Which is a potential problem when using self-report surveys with high-rate offenders? a. sampling b. recall error c. representation d. bias

Q: If a researcher tries to assess criminal victimization of the poor and disadvantaged, rather than using the term "welfare" in her questionnaire, which of the following is less biased? a. assistance to the poor b. on the dole c. the underclass d. public nuisance

Q: Murder, _________, robbery, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, arson, and aggravatedassault make up the FBI's Part I crimes.

Q: A crime is said to be ____________________ when at least one person is arrested or chargedwith the commission of the offense.

Q: Bias in questions can be established in which of the following ways? a. questions that encourage particular responses b. identify the name of either a prestigious or unpopular agency in the question c. identify the name of either a prestigious or unpopular person in the question d. all of the above

Q: Which of the following represents a negative item? a. drugs such as marijuana should not be legalized b. it is fair to say that marijuana is a drug c. unlike alcohol, marijuana does not make the user mean d. marijuana is a more addictive than alcohol

Q: Part II crimes are all crimes reported to the FBI except for ______________.

Q: All of the following may represent errors when constructing items for questionnaire except for: a. the researcher uses long and complicated items b. the negation of a question c. the researcher uses short items d. the researcher uses a combination question when they only want a single answer