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Q: Before creating an interview schedule, a researcher ought to: a. know who he/she is studying b. create an outline c. decided on the format of questions to use d. all of the answers are correct

Q: The interview schedule for focus groups can be: a. structured b. semi-structured c. unstructured d. all of the answers are correct

Q: Consider how routine activity theory might explain a mugging in a parking lot. In your answer, explain the interplay among the three elements of the crime triangle.

Q: Semi-structured interviews are helpful when: a. there is no other choice of interview technique b. gang members are being interviewed c. two or more people are doing the interviewing d. a variety of interview questions are needed

Q: Explain how institutional racism may influence police decision-making practices.

Q: Knowledge is typically constructed from: a. a single perspective b. multiple perspectives c. the critical realist perspective d. structural positivism

Q: Explain how concentrated disadvantage results in social disorganization.

Q: Explain the evidence for and against IQ being a determinant of antisocial behavior.

Q: The term substantive frame refers to: a. The purpose of the interview b. what you plan on doing c. the depth of interview questions d. the depth of interview questions D. none of the answers are correct

Q: The best way to understand how and why people do things is to: a. study them analytically b. interact with them directly c. observe them from afar d. none of the answers are correct

Q: Assuming that traits conducive to crime are biologically inherited, what are some possible ethical concerns with continuing research?

Q: Suppose a public park has experienced numerous police calls for service because of teenagers "hanging out" in the park, drinking, using drugs, and destroying property. The offenders have created holes in the fencing so they can access the park after hours. They also congregate in areas with thick shrubbery that inhibits observation. Using concepts from situational crime prevention, explain some ways that the park design could be improved or altered to deter this behavior.

Q: Which theory do you believe best explains the majority of criminal behavior, and why.

Q: A qualitative interview involves participants and researchers: a. interaction b. negotiation c. data analysis d. none of the answers are correct

Q: Unstructured interviews taking the following shapes: a. conversational shape b. flat shape c. survey questions d. none of the answers are correct

Q: Compare and contrast the various social structure theories of crime.

Q: Missing data in qualitative research serves as a type of: a. analytical technique b. focus groups c. connector that accounts for what participants declined to mention d. none of the answers are correct

Q: Discuss two disorders that have been linked to antisocial youth.

Q: Metaphors and analogies in speech mark: a. grounded theory b. important concepts c. structured interviews d. epistemology

Q: Explain the psychodynamic theory of crime.

Q: Open Coding is also defined as: a. brainstorming b. data reduction c. ground theory d. qualitative note taking

Q: Grounded theory stems from: a. quantitative techniques b. analysis of patterns and themes c. linear regression d. diverse populations

Q: How do scientists test to see whethercrime is genetic?What does the current research show?

Q: Mode of data analysis depends on: a. research objectives b. analytical techniques c. population being studied d. types of notes taken

Q: Of the six tactics of situational crime prevention, which do you think is the most effective, and why.

Q: Why do some experts believe that crime is rational?

Q: Qualitative interviews can occur: a. face to face b. online c. over the phone d. all of the answers are correct

Q: __________________ precipitation occurs when the victim exhibits some personal characteristic that unintentionally threatens or encourages the offender to act.

Q: Participants are usually reluctant to participate in research studies when: a. they aren"t being paid b. they do not know what is being done with the results c. they feel threatened in someway d. none of the answers are correct

Q: A _______________ may occur when a state institution fails to enforce a law.

Q: Gaining access to underground or illicit populations is best achieved through: a. coercion b. sponsors c. luck d. all of the answers are correct

Q: According to Merton's strain theory, youths who reject conventional goals and choose to live as drug users or alcoholics are called _______________.

Q: Unstructured interviews are typically best for what kind of study: a. quantitative studies b. qualitative studies c. exploratory studies d. correlational studies

Q: The first step in creating questions is typically what: a. writing questions b. determining whom you will interview c. figuring out interview type d. determining question format

Q: ________________ suggests that as people age and mature they traverse a series of stages in which their view of what is morally right or wrong changes and develops.

Q: _______________ is a condition characterized bya decrease in blood sugar levels that is thought to impair brain function

Q: Johnny's friend Maria hears that Johnny has been arrested and served some jail time for a DUI. Maria is fearful of being arrested and punished herself, and decides that she will abstain from drinking and driving. This is an example of ____________________ deterrence.

Q: Thick descriptions describe action as well as understand what: a. meanings of behaviors b. meanings of text c. quantitative results d. none of the answers are correct

Q: Which of the following types of researchers have NOT historically used qualitative interviews: a. criminologists b. sociologists c. anthropologists d. chemists

Q: _______________are chemical compounds that influence or activate brain functions.

Q: Follow up questions are typically used during which interview: a. the initial interview b. the second interview c. the third interview d. none of these answers are correct

Q: The major premise of ___________________ theory is that crime is a function of diet, vitamin intake, hormonal imbalance, or food allergies.

Q: A primary advantage of the semi-structured interview when compared to the structured interview is that it allows: a. more data to by gathered b. unscheduled probes to be used c. cognitive changed to take place d. multiple topics to be studied

Q: The role of the victim in provoking or encouraging criminal behavior is known as _______________.

Q: A focus group is typically classified as a type of: a. survey based research b. qualitative interview c. forced interaction d. advanced analytical technique

Q: Studying a topic such as robbery can best be accomplished through: a. quantitative techniques b. archived data c. content analysis d. qualitative interviewing

Q: A clarification probe is used in order to: a. better understand unclear material b. push participants further c. change a line of questioning d. in structured interviews only

Q: Delinquents who begin their offending career at a very early age and continue to offend into adulthood are known as ______________________.

Q: ___________________ may be considered typical teenagers who get into minor scrapes and engage in what might be considered rebellious teenage behavior with their friends.

Q: According to Laub and Samson, "turning points" allow people to build ____________________the positive relations with individuals and institutions that contribute to success.

Q: The relationship between synchronic questions and time is: a. straightforward b. non existent c. linear d. backwards

Q: Atlas and NVIVO are examples of what: a. random words b. quantitative data analysis programs c. qualitative data analysis programs d. responses participants have given in qualitative studies

Q: Diachronic delivery of data starts at the beginning and progresses: a. chronologically b. backwards c. evenly d. randomly

Q: In cohesive communities, _________ may develop.This is characterized by mutual trust, a willingness to intervene in the supervision of children, and the maintenance of public order.

Q: According to labeling theorists, the use of social or physical restraints such as handcuffs, incarceration, or a criminal record are examples of ____________________ ceremonies, believed to leave a lasting impression on the accused.

Q: ________ is the beginning of antisocial behavior during early adolescence, after which criminal behavior is more likely to persist throughout the life span.

Q: The most basic level of compensation for participating in research is: a. a pat on the back b. payments, goods, and services c. a job offer d. all of the answers are correct

Q: Structured interviews consist of: a. spontaneously created questions b. predetermined questions and answer sets c. timed specific responses d. questions in hierarchical order

Q: ________ consists of the stratifications, classes, institutions, and groups that characterize a society.

Q: The concept of ____________________ refers to the frustration and inner conflict experienced by people who believe that they cannot achieve their desires and goals through legitimate means.

Q: Focus groups are especially useful in regard to learning about: a. group dynamics b. group process c. group themes d. all of the answers are correct

Q: Qualitative interviews are more effective than survey research in regard to: a. validity b. reliability c. generalizability d. reflexivity

Q: Which of the following is a line of questioning relating to qualitative interviews: a. tree- and- branch approach b. mountain and peak approach c. ocean and sea approach d. none of these answers are correct

Q: The concept of ____________________ refers to the absence or weakness of rules and social norms (normlessness) in any person or group.

Q: The terms "psychopath" and "sociopath" are commonly used to describe people who have a (n) ___________.

Q: _________________ is a crime control approach that seeks to instill fear of criminal penalties in the public.

Q: Qualitative data interpretation is different than that of quantitative data interpretation in that it accepts: a. multiple realities b. survey data c. idealist perspective d. linear regression in all circumstances

Q: All the information a researcher logs in the context of the qualitative interview is known as the: a. qualitative data bank b. memo c. data log d. audit trail

Q: To understand the critical realist perspective, one most understand: a. their stance on the nature of reality b. the nature of morality c. marxism d. all of these answers are correct

Q: Under the general theory of crime, criminal acts are attractive because they provide instant gratification for the offender. a. True b. False

Q: Most focus groups are interested in: a. spontaneity and emergence of themes b. gathering vast amounts of data c. illicit specific participant response patterns d. unblocking cognition

Q: Developmental theories are concerned with trying to understand why people commit crime. a. True b. False

Q: Under critical criminal justice, white collar crimes would likely be prosecuted with much less vigor. a. True b. False

Q: Under critical criminal justice, the criminal justice system is viewed as a means of controlling the poor. a. True b. False

Q: The first step in gaining access to formal organizations is typically: a. writing a letter b. finding a sponsor c. making a phone call d. offering a financial reward

Q: The primary advantage of the unstructured interview is that it provides: a. more specific data b. more numerical data c. more interaction with participants d. more breadth of information

Q: Social process theories suggest that criminal behavior is learned. a. True b. False

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