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Q:
The role of ______ law enforcement evolved from that of the early English shire reeve, whoseprimary duty was to assist the royal judges in trying prisoners and enforcing sentences.
a. Local
b. County
c. State
d. Federal
Q:
Generally speaking, secondary data are least useful when the purpose of research is .
Q:
Which of the following is not a mission of the U.S. Secret Service?
a. Investigate counterfeiting and other financial crimes, including financial institution fraud,identity theft and computer fraud.
b. Investigate threats against protected officials.
c. Protect the President and Vice-President.
d. Conduct and coordinate international investigations involving transnational criminalorganizations responsible for the illegal movement of people, goods, and technology intoand out of the United States
Q:
In content analysis one may code the underlying meaning of a communication which is often referred to as the
_____________________ content.
Q:
Which of the following is not a branch of the Department of Homeland Security?
a. Customs and Border Protection
b. Department of Justice
c. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
d. U.S. Secret Service
Q:
In content analysis one may code the visible, surface content known as the content.
Q:
Which is the oldest federal law enforcement agency?
a. U.S. Marshals
b. FBI
c. DHS
d. IRS
Q:
Which federal agency enforces the Gun Control Act of 1968 and the Organized Crime ControlAct of 1970?
a. ATF
b. FBI
c. DHS
d. Secret Service
Q:
The potential for increases as the number of clerical entries increases.
Q:
Criminal Justice agencies collect information about individuals and that information is often kept isolated from each other as the offender travels through the system. This method of keeping data on individuals in an unrelated fashion is known as _____________________ databasing.
Q:
Which federal agency is responsible for the transporting of federal prisoners?
a. U.S. Marshals
b. FBI
c. Department of Homeland Security
d. Secret Service
Q:
When using agency records as a data source the researcher must always keep changes in operational definitions and in mind because of their potential impact upon validity and reliability.
Q:
Under its reformulated priorities, the FBI's primary objective is to protect the:
a. Civil rights of those residing in the United States.
b. Businesses in the United States from infiltration by organized crime.
c. U.S. against espionage.
d. U.S. from terrorist attacks.
Q:
Which of the following is false regarding the FBI?
a. It maintains liaison offices in other countries.
b. It is an investigative agency rather than a police agency.
c. It has jurisdiction over all federal and state laws.
d. It was under the direction of J. Edgar Hoover from 1924 until his death in 1972.
Q:
Who heads the U.S. Department of Justice?
a. U.S. Attorney General
b. Secretary of the Treasury
c. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
d. Secretary of State
Q:
Archives and agency records may be based on of analysis that are not suitable for particular research questions.
Q:
It may be possible to use a(n) source of data in which criminal justice agency staff collect information for specific research purposes that they typically would not have collected.
Q:
Information that is collected by other people often as a part of their day-to-day work in a justice agency, but used by someone else for research purposes is referred to as of existing data.
Q:
The defining event that helped shape police reforms in the 1990s was the:
a. Creation of the International Association of Chiefs of Police.
b. Creation of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration.
c. Growth of police unions.
d. Beating of Rodney King.
Q:
Which of the following is not accurate with respect to the data that agencies collect?
a. nonpublic agency records contain information pertinent to criminal justice research
b. nonpublic records, even though significant for our understanding of criminal justice processing, are unavailable to any researcher who does not work for the specific agency
c. all criminal justice agencies keep nonpublic records
d. most researchers in the field of criminal justice use agency records as their source of data
Q:
The _______________ was created in 1929 by President Herbert Hoover to study the U.S.criminal justice system and make recommendations for improvement.
a. Criminal Justice Institute
b. National Institute of Justice
c. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
d. Wickersham Commission
Q:
Sometimes there are problems with the people or patterns that are gathered as agency data within the criminal justice system. Which of the following is an incorrect statement with respect to the data gathered by the agencies identified?
a. police officers deal not with individual calls but with cases
b. prosecutors document their work by case
c. judges document their work by their dockets
d. the FBI collects arrest data for NCIC based upon the individual
Q:
How did police reformer August Vollmer contribute to police professionalism?
a. Instituting university training for young officers
b. Establishing the first formal police academy in the United States
c. Becoming the first president of the IACP
d. Creating the first SWAT team
Q:
Which of the following was not one of Sir Robert Peel's nine principles ofpolicing?
a. The basic mission for which the police exist is to make arrests and aid in convictions.
b. The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent on public approval of policeactions.
c. Police must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of thelaw in order to secure and maintain public respect.
d. Police preserve public favor by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to thelaw.
Q:
What factor is most important when evaluating the reliability and validity of agency records?
a. who collected the data from within the agency
b. where that data was stored (file cabinet, computer, etc.)
c. who has access to the records
d. how the data was collected
Q:
Which of the following is not a problem with respect to units of analysis when using agency records?
a. the definitions of the variables collected
b. the manner in which the data is collected
c. the summary data
d. all of the above are potential problems
Q:
English police officers are known as bobbies because:
a. The tails of the horses they rode were cut short (bobbed).
b. Sir Robert (Bobbie) Peel was responsible for their creation.
c. The first name Robert and its accompanying nickname Bobbie were extremely commonamong the first generation of English police.
d. They were paid in shillings, for which the slang term was "bob."
Q:
Which factor has the greatest impact upon a geographical area becoming a "hot spot"?
a. where occasional auto thefts happen
b. where people are repeatedly victimized
c. where community policing is used
d. where neighborhood watch programs exist
Q:
What was the name of the organized private police that patrolled in eighteenth-centuryEngland?
a. Constables
b. Shire reeves
c. Bobbies
d. Thief takers
Q:
The _____ was created in 1326 under the watch system of policing to assist the shire reeve incontrolling the county.
a. Deputy position
b. Constable position
c. Bobbie position
d. Justice of the peace
Q:
Which arrangement in early English society required that every person in a village beresponsible for protecting the settlement from thieves?
a. The runner system
b. Community policing
c. The pledge system
d. The watch system
Q:
In Widom's research on child abuse discussed in your text, what was used as matching criteria for the public school
records?
a. being born at the same hospital
b. having parents the same age
c. having the same number of siblings
d. being an outstanding student
Q:
Which of the following is not an example of nonpublic agency records?
a. annual expenditures by your local courts
b. the state prison records for the facility closest to your location
c. employment records for your state's probation agency
d. the records of criminal convictions at your local courthouse
Q:
Explain how the decriminalization of marijuana in some states runs afoul of federal law.
Q:
Explain the confusion over the right to bear arms. Be sure to explain both sides of the argument as to why the statute has been considered relevant and irrelevant today.
Q:
Which of the following is most accurate with respect to published statistics?
a. published statistics such as FBI data presents almost no threat to validity
b. published statistics such as FBI data presents almost no threat to reliability
c. published statistics such as FBI data presents potential threats to validity and reliability
d. published statistics such as FBI data should only be used by law enforcement since the data was collected by them
Q:
List the procedural due process rights that are guaranteed to an individual. Describe the importance of procedural due process.
Q:
Which of the following would not be considered appropriate use for agency records?
a. explanatory studies
b. descriptive studies
c. applied research
d. experimental research
Q:
Which of the following is not an example of the use of secondary analysis?
a. using UCR data to measure the trends over time in reported rapes
b. identifying the characteristics of your state's prisoners for the last ten years
c. developing a measurement for your city's juvenile intake facility
d. using NCVS to see if there have been changes in the incidents of personal theft over the last ten years
Q:
Discuss the seven goals of substantive criminal law.
Q:
In your opinion, which Amendment of the Bill of Rights related to criminal procedure is most important to the operation of the criminal justice system? Why?
Q:
When dealing with the conceptual problems that emerge from complex relationships between different units of count, Maxfield and Babbie suggest:
a. defining individual people as units of analysis
b. following the paper trail
c. using systematic sampling
d. expecting the expected
Q:
You are analyzing data that has been collected in annual waves for the past twenty years. Which of the following might be problematic in this type of analysis?
a. many similar questions were asked during each of these waves, and the wording is consistent
b. for the entire twenty years, the data was collected by personal interviews
c. the definitions of some key items have changed over time within the culture
d. using variables that are operationalized consistently over time
Q:
How does the defense of duress differ from the defense of necessity?
Q:
Being able to benefit from the work of topflight professionals and esteemed academics is an advantage of using:
a. secondary data
b. published statistics
c. nonpublic agency data
d. new data collected by agency staff
Q:
What is the insanity defense? Which test to determine insanity is used in the majority of states?
Q:
What elements must be proven in order for an individual to be accused and convicted of a crime?
Q:
Dr. Quinn is interested in studying the amount of overtime worked by police officers. He gains access to agency personnel files. This is an illustration of which type of data?
a. new data collected by agency staff
b. nonpublic agency records
c. secondary data
d. published statistics
Q:
Discuss the historical development of criminal law in the United States.
Q:
Which of the following is important to remember when using agency records?
a. to ask permission before you study any agency data
b. to examine the data through some form of content analysis
c. the financial considerations of obtaining complete agency records are typically substantial
d. the discretionary actions by criminal justice officials and others can affect the production of agency records
Q:
Discuss the four broad categories into which law can be divided.
Q:
Which of the following is not a source of reliability and validity problems with agency records?
a. changes in definitions of crime over time
b. agency data are not designed for research
c. agency data are designed to track patterns, not people
d. data entry errors
Q:
_________________________ due process seeks to ensure that no person will be deprived of life, liberty, or property without legal process.
Q:
A researcher is interested in studying the budgeting of money within a police department in a mid-sized American city. She gains access to the department's detailed records of expenditures and human resources. This is an example of which type of agency records, as described in the text?
a. published statistics
b. nonpublic agency records
c. new data collected by agency staff
d. content analysis
Q:
FBI statistics and annual reports from the Federal Bureau of Prisons are examples of:
a. nonpublic agency records
b. new data collected by agency staff
c. published statistics
d. content analysis
Q:
_________________________ due process refers to a citizen's rights to be protected from biased, discriminatory, or unfair criminal laws.
Q:
NCVS data would be helpful in answering all of the research questions except
a. What is the average age of sexual assault victims in urban areas with populations over 100,000?
b. What is the mean income of families that are victims of burglary?
c. Why might an offender change from doing burglaries to committing home invasions?
d. What city in the country has the greatest number of victims of robbery?
Q:
The _________________________ dictates that evidence obtained illegally cannot be admitted in a criminal court of law.
Q:
Which of the following is not considered to be a published statistic?
a. Criminal Victimization in the United States
b. Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics
c. Detroit Police Department call of service statistics
d. Correctional Populations in the United States
Q:
Under new provisions put in place by President Obama, under the Patriot Act, the government can track "___________________," individuals thought to be connected to terrorist groups.
Q:
The ________________ defense is used when the defendant's state of mind at the time of the crime negates responsibility.
Q:
Clinic workers in a major Northwest city have been asked to track the incidence and patterns of STDs in their patients as part of a research project dealing with public health. They ask a number of specific questions upon intake but do not ask about their clients' sexual partners. The only way to examine patterns in the spread of the STDs is to add a question to the intake form about the identity of their sexual partners. The data that was gathered illustrates:
a. nonpublic agency records
b. published statistics
c. new data collected by agency staff
d. content analysis
Q:
Many of the laws still in effect today are a throwback to British ________________ law.
Q:
A ________________ is lower than a felony and is generally punishable by a fine or imprisonment in other than a penitentiary.
Q:
Dr. Jones is having his Introductory to Criminal Justice students analyze cartoons. He instructs them to identify the number of violent acts per show, the type of violent act and the characteristics of the victim. Dr. Jones is having his students use:
a. content analysis
b. secondary data
c. new data collected by agency staff
d. nonpublic agency records
Q:
The publication produced by the Bureau of Justice Statistics that includes information about hundreds of justice agency data sets, characteristics of criminal justice agencies, and perceptions of crime, to name just a few, is:
a. the Uniform Crime Reports
b. the National Crime Victimization Survey
c. the Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics
d. the National Crime Victimization Survey
Q:
In common law, offenses that are by their own nature evil, immoral, and wrong, are referred to as ____________________.
Q:
When a researcher uses the term "silo databases" she is referring to:
a. when data is stacked in linear fashion
b. the communication link between local law enforcement and the FBI for the purposes of submitting crime data
c. stacks of data that are isolated from each other
d. data that are stacked in round computer tape files stacked on each other
Q:
________________ governs the administration and regulation of city, county, state, and federal government agencies.
Q:
Which of the following data sources could not be coded for use in content analysis?
a. letters to the editor
b. commentaries by talk show hosts
c. dissenting opinions in cases dealing with the death penalty
d. agency aggregate statistics
Q:
The ____________________ Amendment guarantees a public trial by an impartial jury.
Q:
In which of the following analyses is content analysis least likely to be used?
a. coverage of proposed crime legislation in your state House of Representatives
b. the number of references to crime in rap music
c. the number of murder convictions in Michigan during 2009
d. the frequency of "get tough on crime" as a theme for political speeches
Q:
In an effort to insure that textbooks for introductory level criminology and criminal justice courses are gender and race neutral an analysis of the language was undertaken. Which of the following would be appropriate?
a. measuring the only the manifest content
b. measuring the latent content
c. measuring the number of words used
d. measuring the number of different subjects the author uses
Q:
The ____________________ Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.
Q:
The operational definition of any variable is composed of:
a. the hypothesis
b. the content analysis
c. manifest content
d. attributes
Q:
Issues pertaining to the defendant's right to a speedy trial are subject to interpretation under the ____________________ Amendment.
Q:
The ____________________ Amendment was the basis of the Supreme Court's Miranda decision.
Q:
The visible, objective context of a communication is known as:
a. latent content
b. manifest content
c. concept
d. validity
Q:
The use of secondary analysis of data has become very popular because:
a. it is cheaper but never as good as collecting your own data
b. it is faster because the data is readily available
c. scholarly journals are now publishing primarily data gathered from secondary analysis
d. because it is always considered valid
Q:
Megan's Law incorporated community notification and sex offender ___________.