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Q:
Aggressive patrol is a tactic employed as part of an overall philosophy of____________________ policing.
Q:
____________________ combines a homeland security focus with the manyadvances made in the realms of community- and problem-oriented policing.
Q:
A researcher should complete a program that reflects their own understanding of program goals, elements and operations of the organization under study.
Q:
____________________ is another term for the order-maintenance function ofpolice.
Q:
A form of "preevaluation" called a(n) assessment is designed to allow the researcher to
determine whether conditions necessary for conducting an evaluation are present.
Q:
When doing research, the first key step is to learn policy goals.
Q:
Designated police patrol areas are called ____________________.
Q:
Most departments promote police personnel according to the____________________ system.
Q:
An advantage of hiring civilians to work in police departments is that they are often paidless than police officers.
a. True
b. False
Q:
takes place in the policymaking stage while program evaluation studies are conducted in later stages.
Q:
One advantage of Intelligence-led Policing is its focus on criminogenic "hot spots."
a. True
b. False
Q:
The refer to the basic question of what a policy action is trying to achieve.
Q:
Policy refer to what is actually produced.
Q:
One of the goals of Intelligence-led Policing is to shift the focus of police work to be morereactive as opposed to proactive.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A policy is an action taken for the purpose of producing some intended result.
Q:
Highly focused, as opposed to randomized, policing efforts are currently believed to bemost effective at solving street-level crime problems.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Operation Ceasefire was a successful problem-oriented policing case study aimed atcurbing youth gang homicides in Boston.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Studies have found that foot patrols are effective at reducing crime.
a. True
b. False
Q:
research is appropriate whenever some policy intervention occurs or is planned.
Q:
What is the relationship between desired outcomes and empirical indicators?
a. desired outcomes represent the program goals while empirical indicators determine whether the desired outcomes are achieved
b. desired outcomes are the empirical indicators
c. desired outcomes represent the results of a program while empirical indicators are used to identify the goals
d. desired outcomes are what an agency hopes to get while empirical indicators identify what must be done to get them
Q:
Which of the following would not be an example of a program's goal statement?
a. to encourage participants to take responsibility for their actions
b. to study why some offenders were allowed in the program and others were not
c. to provide a safer community through the use of Neighborhood Watch programs
d. to provide life skills to inmates to participate in the pre-release program
Q:
Patrol officers have a great deal of discretion in how they handle individual incidents.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The majority of a police officer's time is spent handling minor disturbances, service calls,and performing administrative tasks.
a. True
b. False
Q:
It is often said that in evaluation research, the research questions may already be formulated. Which of the following is an example of that?
a. in problem analysis usually there is a wide range of alternative choices
b. in process evaluation the focus is on whether specified goals are attained
c. in impact assessments the evaluation is on whether specified goals are attained
d. with the questions already formulated it decreases the amount of involvement for the researcher
Q:
In process evaluation, the focus is on:
a. the inputs to the program
b. the people who work in the process
c. the program outputs
d. the program process
Q:
Police agencies have always had the cooperation and respect of the communities theyserve.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Foot patrol efforts were aimed at forming a bond with community residents by acquaintingresidents with the individual officers who patrolled their neighborhood.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Evaluation in the criminal justice system seeks to link what?
a. the intended actions and goals of the policy to evidence that the policies are carried out
b. the policies to the people who work within the agency
c. the people within the agency to their specific responsibilities
d. the written policies and the written goals
Q:
Which of the following is accurate with respect to the relationship between impacts and outputs?
a. outputs are policy actions while impacts are goals
b. impacts are related to what the policy goals attempt to achieve while outputs are related to the means of achieving the goals
c. impacts are the goals and outputs are what is achieved
d. outputs are policy goals while impacts are how the policies are applied
Q:
The core of problem-oriented policing is a proactive approach to law enforcement.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Intelligence gathering for law enforcement follows a process in which analysis is the first partof the process.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Fusion centers provide the means for community input.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following best describes the example of the use of evidence-based policy?
a. agencies using evaluation to decide what evidence backs up current funding
b. justice agencies are linked to evidence used for planning and evaluation
c. agencies are linked to other agencies
d. all of the above
Q:
Your text discusses a concept called problem guides. Which of the following would be an example of this concept?
a. the analysis of specific problems such as crimes against the elderly
b. the analysis of broad issues such as race and crime
c. the analysis of specific crime databases such as UCR
d. the analysis of criminal justice agencies
Q:
Police departments may reduce costs by hiring civilians to conduct administrative supportduties.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Community-oriented policing and problem-oriented policing are closelyassociated.
a. True
b. False
Q:
What is the fundamental first step in conducting evaluation studies?
a. measuring program goals
b. obtaining evaluable statements
c. specifying outcomes
d. clearly specifying program goals
Q:
Undercover work is an unnecessary element of police work.
a. True
b. False
Q:
This is considered sort of a "preevaluation"?
a. Ppocess evaluation
b. outcome evaluation
c. evaluability assessment
d. impact assessment
Q:
The relationship between process evaluations and impact assessments can be stated as:
a. impact assessments must precede process evaluations
b. impact assessments answer questions about program effects while process evaluations monitor a program's
implementation
c. only process evaluations can be used to determine if a program is effective
d. all of the above
Q:
Crime fighting is a major part of the daily routine of patrol officers.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Creating a feeling of security is one of the major purposes of police patrol.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A scouting report is a product of:
a. a process evaluation
b. an outcome evaluation
c. an evaluability assessment
d. defining policy objectives
Q:
The detective bureau is considered the backbone of policing.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following can color research in many ways?
a. evaluation
b. politics
c. results
d. analyses
Q:
In its most elementary form, evaluation research is a process of:
a. evaluating whether a piece of research is valid
b. determining the reliability of research findings
c. determining whether the intended result, of a given policy intervention was produced
d. evaluating whether a given piece of legislation is effective
Q:
Which of the following is not a concern when a researcher uses an interrupted time-series design?
a. reliability of experimental treatment
b. history
c. instrumentation
d. construct validity
Q:
The average police officer can expect to make between ten and fifteen arrests permonth for serious crimes.
a. True
b. False
Q:
CASE 6.2
A few concerned citizens made an appointment to meet with the chief of police in Anytown, USA. They are concerned with the productivity of the police department in their city. They are also concerned with the lack of coordination between the residents of the city and the police department.
Mr. Smith also expresses concern that the division that is supposed to investigate allegations ofpolice misconduct does not take his complaints seriously. He recently filed a complaint thatone officer used aggressive techniques when dealing with his son on a traffic stop. Which unit
is responsible for investigating these allegations?
a. Department affairs
b. Internal affairs
c. Investigative affairs
d. Community affairs
Q:
Process evaluations:
a. assess the extent to which policies achieve their intended goals
b. are essentially the same as impact assessments
c. focus on policy demands and agenda
d. assess the extent to which policies are being implemented as intended
Q:
Your state prison system is determined to reduce the recidivism rates of adult offenders leaving the system. To accomplish this goal, a pre-release program is implemented. The Director of the department of corrections suggested an ideal design involving:
a. randomization
b. interrupted time-series
c. non-equivalent groups
d. quasi-experimental design
Q:
CASE 6.2
A few concerned citizens made an appointment to meet with the chief of police in Anytown, USA. They are concerned with the productivity of the police department in their city. They are also concerned with the lack of coordination between the residents of the city and the police department.
Mrs. Stern expresses that she is pleased that the crime rate in her area has decreased as a resultof proactive efforts of the police department. At the same time, Mrs. Joseph complains that thecrime that disappeared in Mrs. Stern's neighborhood has now moved to her neighborhood.
This effect is known as:
a. Displacement.
b. Replacement.
c. Advancement.
d. Substitution.
Q:
CASE 6.2
A few concerned citizens made an appointment to meet with the chief of police in Anytown, USA. They are concerned with the productivity of the police department in their city. They are also concerned with the lack of coordination between the residents of the city and the police department.
The police chief is concerned with the residents' request, as he believes that his policedepartment should stress proactive problem solving. This type of management style isreferred to as:
a. Problem-oriented policing.
b. Community-oriented policing.
c. Reactive policing.
d. Intelligence-led policing.
Q:
CASE 6.2
A few concerned citizens made an appointment to meet with the chief of police in Anytown, USA. They are concerned with the productivity of the police department in their city. They are also concerned with the lack of coordination between the residents of the city and the police department.
The concerned residents are pushing for police programs to bring police and the public closertogether and to create a more cooperative environment between them. This type of policing isreferred to as:
a. Intelligence-led policing.
b. Problem-oriented policing.
c. Community-oriented policing.
d. Reactive policing.
Q:
According to your text, "theory driven" evaluations that consider how each element of a program should affect its
targets should:
a. develop a micro model of the program production process
b. develop a vision statement that will be later used by the program staff
c. develop rigid measure of validity
d. define all inputs and outcomes as early as possible
Q:
Many law enforcement agencies are using a program to detect emerging patterns in crime, this program is:
a. problem-oriented policing
b. conceptualization
c. reactive analysis
d. computerized crime maps
Q:
Specifying program goals and objectives in operational terms produces:
a. empirical indicators of program outcomes
b. conceptual definitions
c. program outcomes
d. program integrity
Q:
CASE 6.2
A few concerned citizens made an appointment to meet with the chief of police in Anytown, USA. They are concerned with the productivity of the police department in their city. They are also concerned with the lack of coordination between the residents of the city and the police department.
Mr. Smith is one resident who brings up at the meeting that there are a few locations, knownas hot spots of crime, that are the biggest concern for the residents. All of the following areconsidered to be potential hotspots of crime except:
a. Bars.
b. Bus depots.
c. Malls.
d. Schools.
Q:
CASE 6.1
Chief Williams is a newly hired police chief in the city of Middletown. He was hired to implement changes in the police department. After five consecutive years of increasing crime rates, low-level quality-of-life crimes seem to be on the rise. He was brought in from an outside agency in the hope that he would restructure the police department.
Chief Williams believes that the investigative unit of the police department needs an overhaul.He believes it is important for there to be a unit that enforces morality-based laws. This type ofunit is typically referred to as a(n):
a. Command squad.
b. Crime squad.
c. Undercover squad.
d. Vice squad.
Q:
CASE 6.1
Chief Williams is a newly hired police chief in the city of Middletown. He was hired to implement changes in the police department. After five consecutive years of increasing crime rates, low-level quality-of-life crimes seem to be on the rise. He was brought in from an outside agency in the hope that he would restructure the police department.
Other improvements to patrol need to be made according to Chief Williams's assessment. Hebelieves that the police should be maintainers of community order and safety. This model ofpolicing is referred to as:
a. The technological model.
b. The broken windows model.
c. Procedural justice.
d. Rapid response.
Q:
A community policing program began in an entertainment area in a large metropolitan area. City leaders are interested to see if the change in policing strategy has reduced the number of crimes and has asked faculty from a local university to complete a study. What type of evaluation would be best?
a. interrupted time-series
b. ex-post evaluation
c. non-equivalent groups
d. class experiment
Q:
Nesting a quasi-experimental design within a randomized experiment refers to:
a. a way to study specific parts of a town
b. a way of backing up a true experiment
c. a substitute for a classical experiment
d. a way to examine the impact of the experiment on the subjects
Q:
There are two jails in your city, one houses state detainees waiting trial while the other houses federal prisoners awaiting trial. You have been asked to assess why there are differences in the institutional behavior between these two institutions. Which design would be appropriate?
a. non-equivalent groups
b. true experiment
c. classical experiment
d. interrupted time-series
Q:
CASE 6.1
Chief Williams is a newly hired police chief in the city of Middletown. He was hired to implement changes in the police department. After five consecutive years of increasing crime rates, low-level quality-of-life crimes seem to be on the rise. He was brought in from an outside agency in the hope that he would restructure the police department.
Chief Williams believes that the designated patrol areas need to be made smaller for the patrolofficers. What are these designated patrol areas known as?
a. Quarters
b. Zones
c. Divisions
d. Beats
Q:
CASE 6.1
Chief Williams is a newly hired police chief in the city of Middletown. He was hired to implement changes in the police department. After five consecutive years of increasing crime rates, low-level quality-of-life crimes seem to be on the rise. He was brought in from an outside agency in the hope that he would restructure the police department.
The first changes Chief Williams wants to implement are to the most visible members ofthe police department. Which division is the most visible to the public?
a. Detective bureau
b. Patrol
c. Special operations
d. Dispatch
Q:
A Florida-based police department is interested in cutting costs. One tactic they areconsidering implementing is absorbing some units with fewer than ten personnel into larger units.This process is known as what?
a. Consolidation
b. Sharing
c. Pooling
d. Informal arrangement
Q:
True or "classical" experiments differ from quasiexperiments with respect to the fact that
a. classical experiments use random assignment to control and experimental groups while quasi-experimental designs do not
b. classical experiments use experimental groups while quasi-experimental designs use experimental and control groups
c. quasi-experimental designs afford more control than do classical designs
d. only one independent variable can be used in a classical experiment, while there are no limits to the number of independent variables in a quasi-experimental design
Q:
Which of the following would not be an example of an evidence-based policy?
a. the use of CCTV in public entertainment districts to reduce property crime
b. acquaintance rape of college students
c. underage drinking
d. Compstat
Q:
In the third phase of his investigation, Jones decides that he needs to obtain the victim'scomputer hard drive and cell phone records to establish with whom the victim may have hadcontact prior to the murder. This is known as what?
a. Intelligence gathering
b. General coverage
c. Informative data gathering
d. Specific focus
Q:
When evaluating full-coverage programs, it is typically best to use:
a. interrupted time-series
b. quasi-experimental design
c. ex post evaluation
d. randomized design
Q:
Proceeding with his investigation, Jones decides to go to the neighborhood where the victimlived to interview the victim's friends and neighbors. He also visits the victim's employer andtalks with the victim's boss and co-workers. This is known as what?
a. Specific focus
b. General coverage
c. Informative data gathering
d. Intelligence gathering
Q:
Dr. Smith is interested in implementing a program that is designed to reduce the recidivism rates of property offenders. He selects two state prisons and with the blessing of the Department of Corrections begins the programs in the main state prison for males and a female institution that is nearby. Which design would be best for Dr. Smith to use?
a. non-equivalent groups
b. randomized study
c. interrupted times-series
d. none of these would work
Q:
Detective Jones is investigating a murder. As a seasoned investigator, Jones uses the threeprongedapproach to solving cases. At the onset of his investigation, Jones visits the crime scene,interviews witnesses, and collects evidence. This is known as what?
a. Informative data gathering
b. Specific focus
c. Intelligence gathering
d. General coverage
Q:
Scientific realism is rooted in the principle that:
a. similar interventions can naturally be expected to have different outcomes in different contexts
b. the success of evaluations depends on the assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups
c. there be equivalence between experimental and control groups before an intervention
d. treatment integrity must be rigorously guarded
Q:
Which of the following would a researcher be least likely to use randomized designs?
a. program evaluation studies
b. ex-post evaluations
c. victim centered studies
d. time-series designs
Q:
Which of the following is not a concept associated with broken windows policing?
a. The use of preventive patrol throughout a jurisdiction to deter offending and improvepolice and community relations.
b. Neighborhood disorder creates fear.
c. Neighborhoods give out crime-promoting signals.
d. Police need to aggressively target low-level quality-of-life crimes.
Q:
Which of the following embody the means to achieve desired policy goals?
a. outputs
b. inputs
c. impacts
d. achievements
Q:
Who is assigned to enforce morality-based laws, such as those addressing prostitution andgambling?
a. Justice squads
b. Vice squads
c. Ace squads
d. Morality squads
Q:
Which concept of policing aims to treat citizens with dignity and respect?
a. Procedural justice
b. Broken windows
c. Community policing
d. Intelligence-led policing
Q:
When dealing with stakeholders a researcher should be aware of all of the following except:
a. be able to identify all the stakeholders
b. get particularly friendly with the stakeholders so they will not interfere with your research
c. find out the stakeholders' perspectives on the program
d. find out the stakeholders' perspectives on the evaluation