Q&A Hero

Q: Which type of intelligence includes gaining or developing information related to threats ofterrorism or crime and using this information to apprehend offenders, harden targets, and usestrategies that will eliminate or mitigate the threat. a. Unified intelligence b. Strategic intelligence c. Actuarial intelligence d. Tactical intelligence

Q: Which of the following is not accurate concerning the construction of explanatory bivariate tables? a. the cases are divided into groups according to attributes of the independent variable b. each of the subgroups is then described in terms of attributes of the dependent variable c. the table is read by comparing the independent variable subgroups with one another in terms of a given attribute of the dependent variable d. if the table is percentaged down, read down and if the table is percentaged across, read across

Q: When reading a table for bivariate analysis that displays percentages of some attributes, what is the rule of thumb for reading the table? a. if it adds up to 100% the statistics are accurate b. if the table is percentaged down, read across and if the table is percentaged across, read down c. if the table is percentaged down, read down and if the table is percentaged across, read across d. none of the above

Q: Aggressive patrol in New York City during the 1990s aimed at vandalism, panhandling, andgraffiti has been credited with a reduction in what type of crime? a. Violent crime b. Prostitution c. White-collar crime d. Drug dealing

Q: Calculating rates is really pretty simple, what is not so simple in determining rates is deciding the: a. numerator and denominator b. arithmetic c. mean d. average

Q: Police stopping motorists to issue citations and aggressively arresting suspicious persons is anexample of what type of policing? a. Proactive b. Reactive c. Neighborhood d. Community

Q: What was the principal finding of the Kansas City Patrol Study? a. The type of patrol model adopted has a significant impact on crime. b. Patrol techniques can significantly impact citizens' satisfaction with police. c. Patrol techniques can have a significant impact on citizens' attitudes. d. There is little evidence to suggest that increased police patrol deters crime.

Q: The goal of the Kansas City Patrol Study was to evaluate: a. The effectiveness of different patrol models. b. Police use of force standards. c. The time-in-rank system of promotion. d. Command and control structures.

Q: The use of rates in the reporting of criminal justice data allow the researcher to: a. standardize by the data b. compare groups of differing size c. make the data valid d. make the data reliable

Q: Which of the following would be an inappropriate manner to report findings on the variable gender? a. median b. mode c. raw numbers d. percentages

Q: Which of the following represent discrete nominal or ordinal variables? a. age b. race c. speed limit d. ranks in a police department

Q: While police patrol has many objectives, most police experts agree that the majority of policepatrol efforts are devoted to: a. Crime fighting b. Order maintenance c. Responding to emergencies d. Deterring crime

Q: Which of the following is not a program or policy to try to improve patrol effectiveness? a. Aggressive patrol b. Decrease the number of arrests c. Rapid response d. Targeting of specific crimes

Q: Which of the following represent a continuous interval/ratio variable? a. gender b. race c. age d. religious affiliation

Q: Measures of dispersion are appropriate for which types of variables? a. nominal b. ratio c. ordinal d. discrete

Q: How do most municipal police departments determine promotion eligibility? a. Time-in-rank b. Testing c. Arrest performance d. Physical agility

Q: Most police agencies are organized in a(n) ______ manner. a. Cooperative and democratic b. Egalitarian c. Hierarchical d. Corporate and businesslike

Q: Explain how the internal affairs division "polices the police."

Q: In a distribution of sentence lengths in months like the following " 6, 12, 10, 18, 240, 360 " which statistic would a researcher not want to report? a. standard deviation b. mean c. range d. raw numbers

Q: Which of the following is an accurate statement? a. if the mean is much higher than the mode, it indicates that there are extreme cases b. if the standard deviation is high, it indicates that there is little variability c. if the mean is equal to the median and mode, the elements in the population are all the same number d. the degree of variability can be determined by using the mean

Q: With respect to standard deviation, which of the following statements is not correct? a. the total deviation is zero b. the average deviation is zero c. the value can range from negative 1 to positive 1 d. the sum of the deviations from the mean will always be zero

Q: With respect to standard deviation, which of the following statements is correct? a. it is based on the squared deviations from the mean b. it is the square of the variance c. it is always a negative number d. all of the above

Q: Which of the following do not represent measures of dispersion? a. ranges b. means c. standard deviations d. variation in groups

Q: Explain the operation of fusion centers.

Q: Which of the following measures of central tendency are the easiest to calculate? a. mean b. mode c. standard deviation d. median

Q: To calculate the mean for grouped data, which of the following steps should not be completed? a. multiply the number of subjects within each category by the value of that category b. total the results of the multiplication c. divide by the number of categories d. divide by the number of subjects

Q: Of the various innovative policing strategies discussed in the text, Community-orientedPolicing, Problem-oriented Policing, Intelligence-led Policing, and CompStat, which do you thinkis most effective and why?

Q: Of the three measures of central tendency which one is affected by extreme values? a. mode b. median c. mean d. neither mode, median, or mean are affected by extreme values

Q: Explain how problem-oriented policing has been used to address auto theft.

Q: Explain the underlying ideals behind community-oriented policing.

Q: Dr. Jones wanted to display the findings of the sentences given in his local courthouse on one summer day. If the sentences, displayed in months, were 10, 18, 24, 36, 18, 70, 30, then which of the following measures of central tendency is accurate? a. the mean is 24 b. the median is 24 c. the mode is 24 d. mean, median, and mode are the same

Q: Measures of central tendency include all except: a. standard deviation b. median c. mean d. mode

Q: Explain some of the ethical concerns with sting operations and undercover work.

Q: Which of the following would represent a distribution of those arrested on a holiday weekend? a. the exact number of persons arrested for violation of specific statute numbers b. a list of persons arrested with the corresponding statute number they allegedly violated c. the number of persons arrested for violent crimes, the number of persons arrested for property crimes and the number of persons arrested for public order crimes d. all of the above

Q: Explain the theoretical underpinnings of broken windows policing. How do quality-of-lifeoffenses cause more serious crimes? How can the police respond to these incidents?

Q: What do you consider to be the top three methods suggested to improve policeproductivity?

Q: Which of the following is not accurate concerning empirical research? a. empirical research is a logical rather than a mathematical operation b. mathematics is a convenient and efficient language c. statistics is the applied branch of mathematics d. empirical research is free of validity problems

Q: How does CompStat compare to intelligence-led policing?

Q: Tests of statistical significance should only be used when the relationships observed in data collected come from the whole population. a. True b. False

Q: While the linear regression model is important for descriptive purposes, its predictive value is limited. a. True b. False

Q: Discuss the development of Intelligence-led Policing since 9/11.

Q: Discuss the three components of community-oriented policing.

Q: Bivariate analyses typically have an explanatory purpose. a. True b. False

Q: Univariate analysis and subgroup comparisons focus on describing variables while bivariate analysis focuses upon people. a. True b. False

Q: Describe the three-pronged approach detectives take in an investigation.

Q: What are the major purposes of patrol?

Q: Because extremes in a distribution (a very large or very small number) can impact the mean, it is usually important to examine measures of dispersion about the mean. a. True b. False

Q: The range is a measure of central tendency. a. True b. False

Q: What is the time-in-rank system of promotion? What are the advantages anddisadvantages of the time-in-rank system of police promotion?

Q: Summary statistics, or measures of central tendency, include the mode, mean and median. a. True b. False

Q: How does the media-depicted version of policing differ from reality?

Q: In univariate analysis, missing data can be reported in several different ways. a. True b. False

Q: ____________________________ are unwritten agreements between neighboringlocalities to perform tasks that are mutually beneficial to both agencies, such as monitoring radiotraffic in order to provide backup.

Q: ______________________________ are geographic locations where crime is highlyconcentrated.

Q: When reporting marginals for univariate analysis, the presentation must be in raw numbers and cannot be reported in percentages. a. True b. False

Q: Empirical research is first a logical rather than a mathematical operation. a. True b. False

Q: The _______________________ provides funding for police departments interested inimplementing community-oriented policing.

Q: The most critical information for determining a case outcome is the __________ and the___________ of the suspect.

Q: What does "treatment integrity" mean? Why is this an important issue in evaluation studies?

Q: Your criminal justice department has been requiring graduating seniors to take an exit exam as a measure of departmental outcomes. How could that tool be used to determine if the criminal justice major is effective?

Q: The most highly visible member of the police force is the ___________________

Q: You are a member of student government. Your group has been asked by the President of the University to conduct a study to determine if the newly implemented anti-drinking program all new freshmen are required to take is effective in reducing underage drinking on campus. Identify the goals and outcomes of the program. What type of design would you suggest for such a study and why?

Q: What are the strengths and weaknesses of quasi-experimental designs? Explain how the use of quasi-experimental designs may be more useful than classical experiments for conducting criminal justice research.

Q: _______________ is concerned with making decisions that are arrived at through proceduresthat are viewed as fair.

Q: Bars, bus depots, and hotels are considered ___________ because a significant portion ofpolice calls typically originate in these areas.

Q: Identify the differences between randomized evaluation designs and quasi-experimental designs. Give an example of the appropriate use of each.

Q: An effect that occurs when criminals move from an area targeted for increased police presenceto another that is less well protected is known as _____________.

Q: A formal intelligence-sharing initiative that identified security and intelligence-sharing needsin the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks is the _____________________.

Q: represents the process through which subjects are accumulated in experimental and control groups.

Q: In evaluation studies, the group to whom the program is appropriate is referred to as the program's ____________________ population.

Q: __________________ is the police unit that investigates allegations of police misconduct.

Q: Uncontrolled variation in treatment is equivalent to measurement of the independent variable.

Q: A _______ is a mechanism to exchange information and intelligence, maximizeresources, streamline operations, and improve the ability to fight crime and terrorism.

Q: ____________________ is/are programs designed to bring police and the publiccloser together and create a more cooperative environment between them.

Q: In addition to the measurement of the outcomes of a program, it is also necessary to measure the program's , the experimental stimulus, or independent variable.

Q: A(n) ____________________ is an operation designed to encourage and observecriminal behavior so the officers can make an arrest.

Q: Program goals represent desired outcomes, while outcome measures are indicators of whether or not those desired outcomes are achieved.

Q: are those that have a vested interest in the organization and the outcome of evaluation research.

Q: ____________________ provides information to decision makers about the changing nature ofcertain problems and threats for the purpose of developing response strategies and reallocatingresources.

Q: A(n) refers to researchers and program personnel together considering how each program element affects the targets.