Q&A Hero

Q: __________ was the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation from its inception until his death in 1972.

Q: A state or federal court that has jurisdictions over felonies is referred to as a: a. Court of limited jurisdiction b. Court of federal jurisdiction c. Court of general jurisdiction d. Court of appeals

Q: A court that has primary jurisdiction over specific types of offenses and that operates differently than a traditional criminal courts is referred to as a: a. Drug court. b. Court of last resort. c. Specialized court. d. Court of limited jurisdiction.

Q: __________ was a form of societal control where citizens grouped together to protect each other.

Q: The __________ were the members of the military appointed by Roman Emperor Augustus to protect the palace and the emperor.

Q: Misdemeanor courts and municipal courts are examples of: a. Courts of appeal. b. Specialty courts. c. Courts of limited jurisdiction. d. Drug courts.

Q: Discussions between defense counsel and prosecution in which the accused agrees to plead guilty in exchange for certain considerations, such as reduced changes, is referred to as: a. Plea bargaining. b. Imploration requesting. c. Declaration of entreaty. d. Intermediate sanctioning.

Q: Review the legal aspects of the exclusionary rule, limitations that began to beapplied to it in the 1980s, and its future. Do you believe the exclusionary rule plays an importantrole in the U.S. criminal justice system? Why, or why not?

Q: __________ established the first large-scale, uniformed, paid, civil police force in London.

Q: The Metropolitan Police was organized around the _____________, in which officers were assigned to relatively small permanent posts and were expected to become familiar with them and the people residing there, thereby making the officer a part of neighborhood life. a. watch and ward b. neighborhood c. beat system d. judicial system

Q: One of the duties of the ________ was performing duties such as lighting street lamps, clearing garbage from the streets, and putting out fires. a. thief-takers b. watchmen c. shire-reeve d. magistrates

Q: Discuss the general criteria used to judge the suggestiveness of a pretrialidentification procedure.

Q: Explain the constitutional rights that must be covered in the Miranda warning.Discuss recent changes in the Miranda rule.

Q: What law gives law enforcement new ability to search, seize, detain, or eavesdrop in their pursuit of possible terrorists? a. Posse Comitatus Act b. USA Patriot Act c. Statute of Winchester d. Volstead Act

Q: Discuss the plain view doctrine and provide three original examples of a lawfulwarrantless search that falls under this doctrine.

Q: In 1991, what Los Angeles incident inflamed police"community relations? a. Charles Manson's arrest b. the L.A. shootout c. reinstatement of the death penalty d. Rodney King beating

Q: Explain the constitutional requirements for stop-and-frisk searches.

Q: William J. Bratton completely reengineered the New York City Police Department to make reducing crime its primary objective. What vehicle did he use to accomplish this mission? a. SWAT b. use of helicopters c. CompStat d. community policing

Q: Define what is meant by a search warrant and what is meant by an arrest warrantand discuss the primary differences between the two.

Q: The most turbulent eras for American policing were the: a. 1920s and 1930s. b. 1940s and 1950s. c. 1960s and 1970s. d. 1980s and 1990s.

Q: The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, also known as the ___________, released a report stating, "Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white, separate and unequal." a. Wickersham Commission b. Kefauver Commission c. Crime Commission d. Kerner Commission

Q: The Supreme Court has taken an active role in determining the legality of policeoperations and has sought to balance the law enforcement officer's need for freedom to investigatewith the citizen's constitutional rights. Discuss this balance, using three case examples asillustration.

Q: There is no right to counsel under ____________ lineups.

Q: Suppose a police officer becomes involved in a shootout with a suspect. If thesuspect retreats into his house, the officer is allowed to enter the house without a warrant based onthe concept of _______________________.

Q: Which New York City police officer's tales of corruption led to the Knapp Commission? a. David Owens b. Whitman Knapp c. Frank Serpico d. Julius LaRosa

Q: Which U.S. Supreme Court case resulted in the police requirement that persons who are in police custody and will be interrogated must be advised of their constitutional rights? a. Mapp v. Ohio b. Miranda v. Arizona c. Escobedo v. Illinois d. Brown v. Mississippi

Q: Officer Thompson is working undercover to identify and arrest drug dealers. Afterdoing business with the same dealer repeatedly, Thompson comes to believe that this individualhas a large stash of cocaine at their home. Thompson goes before a judge and gets a warrant based on his word that the defendant is a drug dealer and that they have had multiple transactions. This isan example of ______________________.

Q: Which U.S. Supreme Court case defined the constitutional right to counsel at police interrogation? a. Mapp v. Ohio b. Miranda v. Arizona c. Escobedo v. Illinois d. Brown v. Mississippi

Q: There are two key components of the Fourth Amendment pertaining to search andseizure. These components are referred to as the ______________ clause, and the__________________ clause.

Q: Which U.S. Supreme Court case was responsible for applying the exclusionary rule to all state courts in America? a. Mapp v. Ohio b. Miranda v. Arizona c. Escobedo v. Illinois d. Brown v. Mississippi

Q: What did the U.S. Supreme Court focus on during the 1960s? a. expanding governmental authority b. police rights c. individual rights d. corporate rights

Q: Placing a suspect in a group of people for the purpose of being viewed andidentified by potential witnesses is referred to as a _________________

Q: The director of the FBI from 1924 to his death in 1972 was: a. Tom Ridge. b. J. Edgar Hoover. c. Robert Gray. d. O. W. Wilson.

Q: Who is noted for developing modern management and administrative techniques for policing? a. James Q. Wilson b. Richard Sylvester c. O. W. Wilson d. Patrick V. Murphy

Q: Who served as chief of police in Berkeley and instituted many practices that started to professionalize the U.S. police, including incorporating university training as a part of police training? a. O. W. Wilson b. August Vollmer c. Raymond Blaine Fosdick d. Edgar Hoover

Q: In 1929, President Herbert Hoover created the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement. This commission was known as the: a. Wickersham Commission. b. Kefauver Commission. c. Crime Commission. d. Kerner Commission.

Q: The requirement that when a person is interrogated during custody, police informthe individual of the right to remain silent, the consequences of failing to remain silent, and theconstitutional right to counsel is referred to as the ________________.

Q: The Supreme Court's decision in Arizona v. Johnson combined the issue of stopand frisk to include __________________.

Q: The Latin term__________means "the power of the county." a. terra nullius b. in flagrante delicto c. corpus delecti d. posse comitatus

Q: __________________ is determined by whether a police officer has objective,reasonable, and reliable information, based on fact that the person under investigation hascommitted or was committing an offense.

Q: What legislation became law in 1920 and established National Prohibition? a. Olmstead Act b. Homestead Act c. Volstead Act d. Federal Judiciary Act of 1789

Q: A government actor's infringement on a person's reasonable expectation ofprivacy is considered a _______________.

Q: Which Massachusetts governor fired all the striking police officers during the Boston police strike and later became president of the United States? a. Woodrow Wilson b. Calvin Coolidge c. Theodore Roosevelt d. Ronald Reagan

Q: ________________ refers to the grounds or fields attached to a house or property.

Q: By the 1880s, what private national detective agency had offices in nearly two dozen cities? a. Brinks National Security b. Pinkerton's National Detective Agency c. Wells Fargo Detection Services d. Rocky Mountain Detective Association

Q: The first state police agency was the: a. Arizona Rangers. b. New Mexico Mounted Patrol. c. Texas Rangers. d. Nevada Posse.

Q: ____________________ refers to the process of creating an administrative recordof an arrest.

Q: Evidence obtained with a less than adequate search warrant may be admissible incourt if the police acted in ___________ when obtaining court approval for their search.

Q: The Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 created the: a. bobbies. b. office of the U.S. marshal. c. FBI. d. New York City Police Department.

Q: The earliest and most widely used form of electronic surveillance is____________________.

Q: What statute made it a crime not to assist the night watch? a. Posse Comitatus Act of 1879 b. Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 c. Statute of Winchester d. Volstead Act

Q: A form of community self-protection developed by King Alfred the Great in the latter part of the ninth-century was/were the: a. Vigiles. b. hue and cry. c. shire-reeve. d. mutual pledge.

Q: ___________ were assistants to the constables and walked the streets removing vagrants. a. Beadles b. Deputies c. Marshals d. Roamers

Q: The ____________________ is the principal means used to restrain potentially overzealouspolice conduct.

Q: The Statute of Winchester established the office of ___________, who was responsible for organizing and supervising the watch. a. county sheriff b. parish constable c. city marshal d. police chief

Q: A _________ is one in which police stop a car because they suspect the driver isinvolved in a crime such as drug trafficking, but, lacking probable cause, they use a rationale suchas a minor traffic violation to stop the car and search its interior.

Q: The requirement that a search warrant state precisely where the search is to takeplace and what items are to be seized is referred to as ____________________.

Q: The only law enforcement officers available on the American frontier were the__________and the __________. a. county sheriff, town marshal b. county marshal, town sheriff c. chief of police, county sheriff d. military provost, town marshal

Q: The exclusionary rule applies to physical evidence as well as confessions. a. True b. False

Q: Many historians and scholars indicate that__________in the American South were the precursor to modern highway patrols. a. Praetorian Guard b. slave patrols c. thief-takers d. Vigiles

Q: If a suspect simply remains silent, this means they have asserted their MirandaRights. a. True b. False

Q: What U.S. Supreme Court decision held that a black slave could not sue in court for his freedom because he was a piece of property, not a citizen? a. Dred Scott v. Sandford b. Mapp v. Ohio c. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka d. Mabury v. Madison

Q: The first organized American police department (1838) in the North was created in what city? a. Chicago b. New York City c. Philadelphia d. Boston

Q: Who is generally credited with establishing the first police department in London, England? a. Henry Fielding b. Sir Robert Peel c. Patrick Colquhoun d. Sir Charles Rowan

Q: Who formed the Bow Street Runners? a. Henry Fielding b. Sir Robert Peel c. Patrick Colquhoun d. Colonel Charles Rowan

Q: The members of the military appointed by Roman Emperor Augustus to protect the palace and the emperor were called the: a. Royal Guard. b. Praetorian Guard. c. Roman Guard. d. Praefectus Urbi.

Q: Under the public safety doctrine, a suspect can be questioned in the field withoutbeing read their Miranda Rights. a. True b. False

Q: The person known as the father of American policing is: a. O. W. Wilson. b. Robert Peel. c. August Vollmer. d. John S. Dempsey.

Q: The police represent the__________power of government and not the military power of government. a. civil b. administrative c. political d. collective

Q: Once asserted by a suspect, the Miranda Rights are absolute and cannot bewaived. a. True b. False

Q: If a suspect asserts their Miranda Rights during interrogation and tells the policehe or she wants an attorney, questioning may continue until the attorney arrives. a. True b. False

Q: The legality of a search conducted incident to a lawful arrest is almost entirelycontingent upon the legality of the arrest itself (i.e., if the arrest is invalidated, so is the search). a. True b. False

Q: The Knapp Commission was appointed by mayor of New York to investigate corruption in the NYPD as a result of articles published in the New York Times. a. True b. False

Q: In the first half of the first decade of the 2000s, crime reductions continued to occur nationwide as the police adopted or continued aggressive crime-fighting techniques. a. True b. False

Q: The Terry v. Ohio case established that it is legal for a police officer to pat down asuspect to check for weapons even if they do not have probable cause to arrest the suspect. a. True b. False

Q: Women have always been considered as capable of performing the same type of patrol duties as men. a. True b. False

Q: During the service of a search warrant, contraband not listed in the warrant can belegally seized, as long as it is in plain sight. a. True b. False

Q: The system of mutual pledge was employed as a strategy for maintaining stability in England and providing a method for people living in villages to protect one another. a. True b. False

Q: In the interest of officer safety, there are some exceptions to the "knock andannounce" rule. a. True b. False

Q: Escobedo v. Illinois was the U.S. Supreme Court case that applied the exclusionary rule to all states in the United States. a. True b. False