Q&A Hero

Q: According to the text, the financial losses from the recession of 2008 required state and local governments to rework priorities and reallocate resources. The most significant reassessment of priorities occurred in the area of __________.

Q: Historically, __________ police departments were developed to deal with the growing crime in nonurban areas of the country.

Q: Rural and small-town law enforcement agencies engage in __________ programs with neighboring agencies and come to one another's aid when necessary.

Q: __________ is the worldwide organization established for the development of cooperation among nations regarding common police problems.

Q: The U.S. __________ is in charge of the enforcement of the laws regarding counterfeiting of U.S. currency.

Q: The Department of the Treasury has administrative control over the section of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) that investigates crime. The investigative arm of the IRS is called the __________.

Q: Some states have established courts to handle specific offenses such as gun crimes, drug crimes, and domestic violence. These are referred to as _______________________.

Q: The U.S. Department of Justice maintains administrative control over four major federal law enforcement agencies. They are __________, __________, __________, and __________.

Q: The main function of Interpol is: a. informational. b. investigative. c. enforcement. d. local.

Q: The practice by private attorneys of taking the cases of indigent offenders without fee as a service to the profession and the community is called __________ work.

Q: Provisions of legal services to indigent defendants by private attorneys under contract to the state or county are known as a __________________.

Q: Most campus law enforcement agencies have working relationships with: a. federal law enforcement. b. state law enforcement. c. local law enforcement. d. international law enforcement.

Q: The Fifth and __________________ Amendments guarantees of due process of law have been judicially interpreted together to require counsel in all types of criminal proceedings.

Q: According to the text, _______ percent of agencies assign officers to a multiagency drug task force. a. 22 b. 35 c. 48 d. 51

Q: As an attorney, the defense attorney is obligated to uphold the Model Rules of _________________ in the defense of a client.

Q: Between 1997 and 2006, federal prosecutors rejected nearly two-thirds of the ____________________ cases brought to them by the FBI and other investigators, more than twice the rejection rate for all federally prosecuted crimes. a. Indian reservation b. terrorist c. misdemeanor d. conspiracy

Q: Which of the following is called a special jurisdiction agency? a. Port Authority police b. college police c. parks and wildlife police d. all of the above

Q: The prosecutor's authority to decide whether to bring a case to trial or to dismiss it outright is known as ________________.

Q: The county prosecutor who is charged with bringing offenders to justice and enforcing the criminal laws of the state is known as the __________________.

Q: What U.S. state employs the most full-time state and local law enforcement personnel? a. Texas b. New York c. California d. New Jersey

Q: In 2010, the U.S. Department of Justice ordered prosecutors in 33 states to intensify efforts to fight ____________________, particularly as it affects women and children, on Indian reservations. a. alcoholism and drug addiction b. divorce c. theft d. violent crime

Q: The chief legal officer and prosecutor of each state and of the United States is the ________________.

Q: What national database contains information on outstanding warrants and criminal histories? a. National Crime Information Center b. Uniform Crime Reports c. Arrests in the United States d. Contacts between Police and the Public

Q: U.S. Supreme Court judges are nominated for their position by ________________.

Q: The National Crime Information Center (NCIC) is operated by the: a. Federal Bureau of Investigation. b. Treasury Department. c. Central Intelligence Agency. d. Department of Homeland Security.

Q: Court delays often hinder the ________________ Amendment's protection of a right to a speedy trial.

Q: The specific crimes measured by Part I of the Uniform Crime Reports are called: a. Civil crimes b. Index crimes c. Hate crimes d. Misdemeanor crimes

Q: Providing for more judges, diversion programs, and bail reform are solutions for the problem of _______________.

Q: An order of the superior court requesting that a record of an inferior court be brought forward for review or inspection is called a(n) __________.

Q: What federal department operates the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) as its research arm? a. Department of Defense b. Treasury Department c. Department of Justice d. Department of Homeland Security

Q: Which of the following is not a responsibility of the U.S. Department of Justice? a. federal highway patrol b. enforcing all federal laws c. representing the government in court action d. conducting independent investigations

Q: The ________________ is the nation's highest appellate body and the court of last resort.

Q: The ________________ are the trial courts for the federal system.

Q: The U.S. Department of Justice is under control of the: a. Secretary of State. b. U.S. Attorney General. c. FBI director. d. Secretary of Homeland Security.

Q: Studies have shown that defendants who are found guilty and were represented by public defenders are incarcerated at higher rates than those who were found guilty while being represented by private attorneys. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following is not a common duty of a state police officer? a. highway patrol b. traffic enforcement c. patrol of small towns d. serve civil process

Q: The largest Indian law enforcement agency is: a. Comanche nation. b. Apache nation. c. Navajo nation. d. Oglala Sioux tribe.

Q: The right to counsel as guaranteed under the Sixth Amendment extends to postconviction activities as well, including appeal. a. True b. False

Q: The primary mission of the U.S. Secret Service is: a. traffic enforcement. b. protection for the president. c. response to terrorism. d. infrastructure protection.

Q: If a defense attorney knows that the client is guilty, it is still permissible for the attorney to advice the client to take the stand and deny that he or she committed the offense. a. True b. False

Q: The most common punishment for prosecutorial overzealousness is disbarment. a. True b. False

Q: The National Center for Rural Law Enforcement (NCRLE) is a part of what university? a. University of Arizona b. University of Wyoming c. University of Arkansas d. University of Nebraska

Q: Thus far, empirical studies have found little evidence of consistent gender, race, or class-based bias in judges in terms of the cases they dismiss. a. True b. False

Q: In the United States, ____________________ percent of police departments have 25 or fewer officers. a. 23 b. 37 c. 53 d. 87

Q: A judge's attitudes, beliefs, and views can greatly influence other facets of the criminal justice system, including police officers. a. True b. False

Q: The largest special jurisdiction agency in the United States is: a. Dallas Area Rapid Transit. b. Philadelphia Public School Police. c. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. d. California Parks and Wildlife.

Q: Out of five thousand cases submitted to the Supreme Court annually, only about half are actually heard. a. True b. False

Q: The largest local police department in the United States is in: a. Dallas. b. Houston. c. Los Angeles. d. New York City.

Q: The groundwork for the federal court system can be found in the U.S. Constitution, which calls for the creation of one Supreme Court. a. True b. False

Q: The first public defender program began in Jasper, Indiana, in 1896. a. True b. False

Q: What law conferred criminal jurisdiction in Indian country to six state governments as well as the federal government? a. Senate Bill 2845 b. House Bill 2845 c. Tribal Law 121-440 d. Public Law 83-280

Q: Law enforcement officers in what state might routinely face the problem of not having immediate backup in most situations? a. Maine b. Wyoming c. Rhode Island d. Maryland

Q: The contract system requires that a block grant be given to lawyers or firms to handle indigent defense cases. a. True b. False

Q: Often, large firms contribute the services of their newest members for legal aid to indigent defendants, meaning that these defendants get more inexperienced and raw lawyers handing cases that could mean life or death. a. True b. False

Q: In late April 2010, the governor of the state of ____________________ signed a bill to combat illegal immigration, making this the first state to demand that immigrants carry identity documents legitimizing their presence on American soil. a. Texas b. Arizona c. California d. New Mexico

Q: The federal Witness Security Program (popularly known as witness protection) is administered by the: a. U.S. Marshals Service. b. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. c. Immigration and Naturalization Service. d. Customs Service.

Q: The program that provides an annual compilation of all crimes reported to local police is called the: a. National Crime Registry. b. Annual Crime Digest. c. Uniform Crime Reports. d. FBI Crime Clock.

Q: Even if a prosecutor decides to pursue a case, the charges may later be dropped if the conditions are not favorable for a conviction. a. True b. False

Q: The traditional prosecutorial model is problem-oriented and proactive, not case-oriented and reactive to crime. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following is responsible for the protection of the president, vice president, and their families? a. U.S. Marshals Service b. Federal Bureau of Investigation c. Federal Protective Service d. Secret Service

Q: Which of the following is responsible for the transporting of federal prisoners and the security of federal courthouses? a. Federal Protection Bureau b. Federal Bureau of Investigation c. U.S. Marshals Service d. Federal Protective Service

Q: Which of the following is responsible for the investigation of counterfeiting of U.S. currency? a. FBI b. Secret Service c. Internal Revenue Service d. Organized Crime and Racketeering Unit

Q: U.S. Attorneys serve as the nation's principal litigators and are appointed by the President of the United States. a. True b. False

Q: Research shows that election considerations do shape judicial decision making. a. True b. False

Q: The primary legal and prosecutorial arm of the U.S. government is the: a. Civil Rights Division. b. Criminal Division. c. Department of Justice. d. National Institute of Justice.

Q: The FBI falls under the purview of the: a. Treasury Department. b. Department of Defense. c. General Service Agency. d. Department of Justice.

Q: One major difference between arbitration and mediation is that mediation is much more formal than arbitration hearings. a. True b. False

Q: Title 9 of the U.S. Code contains federal arbitration law. a. True b. False

Q: The two common forms of alternative dispute resolution programs are arbitration and mediation. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following is part of the Department of Justice? a. Secret Service b. U.S. Postal Service c. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives d. National Park Service

Q: Altogether, about 90% of state trial judges will face elections of some type during their tenure on the bench. a. True b. False

Q: A state law enforcement system that provides for separate agencies for traffic enforcement and other state-level law enforcement functions is generally called the ____________________ model. a. decentralized b. separate c. centralized d. Total

Q: Court clerks have a wide range of duties, most of which consist of maintaining court records; receiving, processing, and maintaining judgments; and swearing in witnesses. a. True b. False

Q: A state law enforcement system that combines the duties of major criminal investigations with the patrol of state highways and small towns into one agency is generally called the ____________________ model. a. decentralized b. combined c. centralized d. Total

Q: Which of the following states does not have a state law enforcement agency? a. Hawaii b. Alaska c. Montana d. Arkansas

Q: One positive with the U.S. court system is that the number of cases, especially in limited jurisdiction courts, has been decreasing for more than a decade. a. True b. False

Q: Federal District Courts hear cases in which one state sues another. a. True b. False

Q: The largest county police department (not a sheriff's office) in the United States is the Miami"Dade County, Florida, department, which has approximately how many sworn officers? a. 3,000 b. 2,500 c. 2,000 d. 1,500

Q: Nationwide, in 2008, the sworn law enforcement employee average was ____________________ law enforcement employees per 1,000 citizens. a. 1.5 b. 2.0 c. 2.5 d. 3.0

Q: Racial and ethnic minorities constitute approximately ____________________ percent of full-time sworn personnel in local departments. a. 12 b. 24 c. 36 d. 48