Q&A Hero

Q: Among local law enforcement agencies in 2007, the percentage of officers employed by a department with some type of college requirement was ____________________ percent. a. 29 b. 32 c. 18 d. 41

Q: _________________ provide lengthy prison terms for any person convicted of three felony offenses, even if the third crime is a relatively trivial offense.

Q: The ____________________ sentence is still the most widely used type of sentence in the United States.

Q: Prison sentences that run _____________________ are those in which sentences for two or more criminal acts are served simultaneously and run together.

Q: .Regarding police educational requirements, most departments require: a. a four-year college degree. b. a two-year college degree. c. some college. d. no college, but at least a high school degree or its equivalent.

Q: According to the text, the Sherman Report criticized current police higher education and suggested that higher education programs for the police should offer them a ____________________ experience. a. definitive b. realistic c. broadening d. collective

Q: __________________ refers to the action of seeking compensation for individual victims by the offender for losses due to the crime committed.

Q: The _____________________ model punishes people in an attempt to set an example for other would-be criminals.

Q: The former height and weight requirements were challenged in court because it was believed that they discriminated against: a. people with disabilities. b. African-American and Hispanic candidates. c. younger candidates. d. women and minority candidates.

Q: The word _____________ has its origins in the twelfth century, meaning a "breach of faith with one's feudal lord."

Q: The majority of police departments: a. have a height requirement. b. have eliminated the height requirement. c. have maintained the height requirement but allow officers to be measured while wearing shoes. d. have lowered the height requirement to 5 feet 2 inches.

Q: According to the text, rather than lose an otherwise quality candidate, departments often provide training or guidance before the: a. background investigation. b. psychological examination. c. physical agility test. d. written entrance exam.

Q: The purpose of the medical examination is to screen out: a. as many candidates as possible. b. candidates who cannot do the police job. c. candidates who may suffer a future knee injury. d. candidates who suffer from chronic health conditions.

Q: According to the text many police departments use tests specifically developed for: a. the police selection process. b. women and minority applicants. c. young applicants. d. veteran applicants.

Q: The early English prison reformer who called for more sanitary and secure prisons was _______________.

Q: What stage of the police selection process receives the most litigation? a. background examination b. written entrance exam c. physical agility test d. medical exam

Q: Younger applicants are showing an increased dependence on texting and social media to communicate and seem to have less experience in: a. crisis management. b. dispute resolution. c. life situations. d. face-to-face communication.

Q: According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, approximately ____________________ percent of police departments require applicants to take a polygraph. a. 15 b. 26 c. 50 d. 80

Q: The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the death penalty may be administered for any murder, regardless of the degree. a. True b. False

Q: Physical agility testing has been criticized for discriminating against: a. Hispanics. b. African Americans. c. women. d. people with disabilities.

Q: Explain some of the ways a factually innocent defendant may suffer because of plea bargaining.

Q: Explain how plea bargaining is beneficial to the both the prosecution and the defendant.

Q: What does researcher Hrand Saxenian say is the single most important criterion in the police selection process? a. courage b. maturity c. attitude d. age

Q: ____________________ tend to be costly in human and dollar resources, and although many departments use them for promotional exams, most do not use them for hiring selection. a. Written exams b. Polygraph exams c. Assessment centers d. Oral exams

Q: Explain the nuances of the "no contest" plea.

Q: According to the text, if a competent job analysis is done, tests in the police screening process are considered to be: a. occupationally related. b. department related. c. discriminatory. d. job related.

Q: Explain the two roles of the grand jury.

Q: What police department has served as the model for field training programs since the 1970s? a. San Jose, California b. Reno, Nevada c. Dallas, Texas d. Chicago, Illinois

Q: A ____________________ identifies the important tasks performed by police officers and then identifies the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to perform those tasks. a. job evaluation b. job analysis c. job screening d. job selection procedure

Q: Explain some of the benefits of pretrial services.

Q: The U.S. Census Bureau predicts that by 2050, minority populations will be ____________________ percent of the population. a. 25 b. 33 c. 54 d. 64

Q: Describe the process of selecting a jury. In doing so, list and describe some of the challenges associated with selecting a fair and impartial jury.

Q: According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, ____________________ percent of local police departments provide college tuition reimbursement to their officers. a. 6 b. 37 c. 76 d. 87

Q: Describe the role of the prosecutor, defense attorney, judge and victim in plea bargaining. Who, in your opinion, is the primary role player? Explain.

Q: List and define the pros and cons associated with plea bargaining. Do you think plea bargaining will ever be abolished? Why, or why not?

Q: The typical police officer of today is ____________________ than previous generations of police officers. a. better educated b. less educated c. similarly educated d. none of these choices

Q: Define plea bargain, then fully explain the procedures a judge must follow when accepting a plea of guilty.

Q: Compare and contrast the grand jury and the preliminary hearing.

Q: The police cadet program is for those young adults who are interested in a law enfacement career. a. True b. False

Q: Define pretrial services and explain in detail how the process is used in the American court system.

Q: One of the problems with the requirement of higher education for police officers is the fear of minority discrimination. a. True b. False

Q: Define bail and then list and define the forms of bail listed in the text.

Q: Courts typically have supported the need for maximum weight standards or a height-to-weight proportion ratio. a. True b. False

Q: Describe the procedures following an arrest, using an imaginary criminal and suspect as your example.

Q: Police applicants must be at least 5 feet 8 inches tall to be selected for employment. a. True b. False

Q: At one time, the main requirement for becoming a police officer was the applicant's physical strength and courage. a. True b. False

Q: Younger applicants are showing an increased dependence on texting and social media to communicate and seem to have less experience in face-to-face communications than their predecessors. a. True b. False

Q: In a ___________________ trial, the evidence is heard by a judge, who renders the verdict, as opposed to a jury.

Q: The evidentiary standard of proof required to convict a defendant in a criminal trial is ____________________

Q: The three pleas are guilty, not guilty, and ________________________.

Q: According to the text police departments are required to have the same hiring standards that have to be met by applicants. a. True b. False

Q: Most police departments administer polygraph examinations to candidates for the police officer position. a. True b. False

Q: The first use of the polygraph was by the Berkeley, California, police department in the late 1970s. a. True b. False

Q: The general criteria used to assess whether a defendant can be released pretrial is their community ties and prior history of involvement in _____________________.

Q: A(n) ___________________________ is the formal written document, usually written and sworn to by a police officer, that describes the exact details of the crime, including the date and place and the circumstances of the arrest.

Q: The not-guilty verdict of John Peter Zenger of the New York Weekly Journal in 1735 is still widely recognized as one of the most famous examples of ____________________ in the nation's history.

Q: Courts have traditionally upheld police department no-smoking policies. a. True b. False

Q: The police selection process is relatively simple and enables a candidate to become hired as a police officer within several months after taking the entrance examination. a. True b. False

Q: A _______________________ is a judicial order requesting that a person produce the body of the prisoner and give reasons for his or her capture and detention.

Q: The civil service system was created by the: a. Pendleton Act. b. Civil Rights Act of 1964. c. Fourteenth Amendment. d. Civil Service Act of 1911.

Q: During __________________, the questioning of the prosecution witness by the defense, or vice versa, occurs.

Q: In Morris v. Slappy (1983), the courts ruled that the _____________________ Amendment does not require a "meaningful" relationship between counsel and his or her client.

Q: The number of officers or subordinates a supervisor can supervise effectively is called: a. chain of command. b. organizational index. c. span of control. d. effective level of supervision.

Q: The management concept that says that each individual in an organization is supervised by one immediate supervisor or boss who in turn reports to a higher supervisor is termed: a. ladder of command. b. effective level of supervision. c. span of control. d. chain of command.

Q: The act of compelling the production of a witness or evidence via subpoena is called the __________________.

Q: The __________________ is the hearing before a magistrate to determine whether the government has sufficient evidence to show probable cause that the defendant committed the crime.

Q: Officers are looking for leadership characteristics in their managers that will positively influence them in their police career. a. True b. False

Q: The leadership team is an independent body with authority to make binding decisions on a wide range of policy issues, working conditions, and departmental strategies. a. True b. False

Q: Police fraternal organizations generally focus on national origin, ethnic, or gender identification. a. True b. False

Q: __________________ is the action of the grand jury not to indict a suspect.

Q: When an officer transfers from one department to another, they can lose some or all of their investment in their pension plans. a. True b. False

Q: A(n) ________________ is a written accusation returned by a grand jury, charging an individual with a specified crime after determination of probable cause.

Q: __________________ is the pretrial release of a defendant with ties to the community and who is not a flight risk; this individual is not required to post bail but promises to appear for subsequent hearings.

Q: Marine Corps general Smedley Butler organized a "bandit squad" to raid prostitution houses and suspected crime dens in Philadelphia. a. True b. False

Q: A civil service system solves all managerial problems with promotion, demotion, and dismissal. a. True b. False

Q: __________________ are referred to as individuals who either are denied bail or cannot afford to post bail before trial and are kept in secure confinement.

Q: The monetary amount required for pretrial release, normally set by a judge, which is meant to ensure that the accused returns for additional hearings is called ______________.

Q: Modern police organizations can be considered bureaucracies. a. True b. False

Q: Legal and administrative actions that take place after arrest and before trial are referred to as __________________.

Q: Direct examination refers to the prosecution's questioning of a defense witness or the defense's questioning of a prosecution witness. a. True b. False