Q&A Hero

Q: The view that the low rates of crime and delinquency among females reflect the leniency with which female offenders are treated is called: a. The chivalry hypothesis. b. The exculpatory hypothesis. c. The null hypothesis. d. The alternative hypothesis.

Q: The police themselves emphasize their role as crime fighters and play down their job as peacekeepers and social service providers. a. True b. False

Q: Those who challenge the legality of three strikes law do so because they see it as a violation of which Amendment? a. Fourth b. Seventh c. Eighth d. Nineteenth

Q: Movies and television shows about the police emphasize the police crime-fighting role. a. True b. False

Q: Laws that provide lengthy terms for any person convicted of three felony offenses are called: a. Third times a charm laws. b. Three strikes laws. c. Federal crime provisional laws. d. Multiple offender laws.

Q: Recruiting for law enforcement takes time and effort on the part of law enforcement agencies. A new concept is to implement school-based public safety curriculum so as to create a pipeline of students interested in a public safety career. Do you believe this type of program should be implemented and why or why not?

Q: In which Supreme Court case was it decided that the federal cocaine sentencing guidelines, like other guidelines, are advisory? a. Manning v. Brady b. Kimbrough v. United States c. Briggs v. Jackson County d. Orsagos v. United States

Q: Police administrators and police officers see value in having an educated police force. Discuss the reasons why officers, and those applying for a police job should have higher education. If this will be a requirement of a department, should tuition reimbursement be offered? Why or why not?

Q: Which of the following states do not use a comprehensive structured sentencing system setting standards for felonies and misdemeanors, intermediate sentencing, community punishments, and the distribution of state funds for correctional programs? a. North Carolina b. Pennsylvania c. Ohio d. South Carolina

Q: "Let the sentence fit the criminal" best describes the basic philosophy of: a. Determinate sentencing. b. Mandatory sentencing. c. Substantiated sentencing. d. Indeterminate sentencing.

Q: Describe the Hiring in the Spirit of Service project.

Q: A set of standards that defines parameters for trial judges to follow in their sentencing of offenders is called: a. Sentencing structures. b. Sentencing guidelines. c. Comprehensive sentencing structures. d. Sentencing rubrics.

Q: Why are field training programs and probationary periods vital phases in the police hiring process?

Q: Which is not one of the three main sentencing procedures used in the United States? a. Determinate sentencing b. Indeterminate sentencing c. Substantiated sentencing d. Mandatory sentencing

Q: Departments expect their personnel to be trained to effectively meet the needs of the community they serve. Describe the use of police management schools, and give at least two examples of these schools and their training focus.

Q: Who ultimately is responsible for determining the actual length in indeterminate sentencing? a. Prosecution b. State legislature c. Correctional agency d. Probation officer

Q: Explain the effect that the case of Guardians Association of New York City Police Department v. Civil Service Commission of New York had on police selection. What important issues were raised in this decision?

Q: How many days could a federal inmate have deducted from their sentence each year for good time? a. 10 b. 54 c. 107 d. 365

Q: What is emotional intelligence and do you believe that emotional intelligence is important and necessary for the law enforcement officer today? Why or why not?

Q: Explain the pros and cons that police officer applicants should be required to have a college degree.

Q: Prison sentences for two or more criminal acts, served one after the other are called: a. Consecutive sentences. b. Concurrent sentences. c. Conclusive sentences. d. Concomitant sentences.

Q: Prison sentences for two or more criminal acts, served simultaneously and that run together are called: a. Consecutive sentences. b. Concurrent sentences. c. Conclusive sentences. d. Concomitant sentences.

Q: List the elements of and describe the field training process for a new officer. What is considered the most crucial component of the training process?

Q: Detail the criticisms of physical agility testing.

Q: A social and personal history document containing an evaluation of the defendant's chances for successful rehabilitation that the judge uses during the sentencing phase is called: a. Presentence investigation report. b. Rehabilitation and placement evaluation. c. Presentence evaluation report. d. Diversion and deterrence document.

Q: List and discuss the major steps in the police selection process.

Q: Using mandatory life sentences so criminals cannot hurt other citizens is the core goal of: a. Restitution. b. Incapacitation. c. Retribution. d. General deterrence.

Q: What event ended the transportation of prisoners from England to the United States? a. The War of 1812 b. The Revolutionary War c. The publication of The Fatal Shore d. France's participation in the free trade act of 1786

Q: Describe which sources of law enforcement employment would be considered the best for the new candidate. Which sources should a candidate not use and why not?

Q: Among law enforcement agencies in 2007, ________ percent required a high school diploma as a minimum requirement for hiring as a police officer.

Q: What was the most common state-administered punishment in early Greece and Roman civilizations? a. Mutilation b. Burning at the stake c. Banishment d. Death penalty

Q: Explain three landmark Supreme Court decisions pertaining to capital punishment. Discuss how these shaped the laws.

Q: The average probationary period for police officers ranges from __________.

Q: The period of time that a department has to evaluate a new officer's ability to perform his or her job effectively is called the __________.

Q: Explain how and why wrongful convictions occur, and note some of the procedures in place to reduce the incidence of such convictions.

Q: Compare and contrast concurrent and consecutive sentencing. Which do you think is more desirable from the defendant's point of view, and why?

Q: As an alternative or in addition to the FTO program, a field training program that is designed to produce graduates capable of providing customer-centered, responsible, community-focused police services is called the __________.

Q: __________ is the ability to interpret, understand, and manage one's own and others' emotions.

Q: On-the-job training of recently graduated recruits from the police academy is called __________.

Q: Critics of the death penalty state that it has little deterrent effect on crime. Define what is meant by this statement, and provide evidence from the text to support this claim.

Q: Summarize the arguments for and against capital punishment. What is your opinion on capital punishment? Provide at least two examples of empirical evidence that supports your opinion.

Q: The initial training a police officer receives is called __________.

Q: According to the text, Hrand Saxenian, a former professor at Harvard's Business School, determined that __________ is the single most important criterion in the police selection process.

Q: List and discuss the factors that affect sentencing.

Q: Several Supreme Court cases have challenged how guidelines can be used. Provide at least two examples from the text, and state why sentencing guidelines are so controversial.

Q: According to the text, if a competent job analysis is performed, the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for performance in that department are judged to be __________.

Q: Define three strike laws. Discuss the pros and cons of the laws, providing examples. What are the primary legal controls in place regarding three strike laws?

Q: The __________ identifies the important tasks that must be performed by police officers, and then identifies the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to perform those tasks.

Q: In __________ programs, targets that depict "good guys" and "bad guys" pop up, requiring officers to make split-second decisions.

Q: Discuss the crime-deterrent impact of determinate, indeterminate, mandatory, and truth-in-sentencing models.

Q: What position is considered a "learning position" for potential police candidates while they are pursuing their education? a. police dispatcher b. police cadet c. public service attendant d. community service attendant

Q: Compare and contrast the different methods for imposing a sentence in the United States and provide examples for each. How does good time affect this process?

Q: Discuss the goal of punishment. What are the pros and cons for each, and what is the current stance on punishment most widely accepted in the United States?

Q: Describe the history of punishment and how this led to the rise of prisons.

Q: The label given to the current generation of 18- to 25-year-olds is: a. Generation X. b. Generation Y. c. Yuppie. d. Generation Next.

Q: _________ is the minimum age at which one can be executed, as set by Roper v. Simmons (2005).

Q: What selection process can be used to examine a candidate's characteristics that might be otherwise difficult to assess, including poise, presence, and communication skills? a. one-on-one interview b. oral board c. polygraph d. interview with the chief

Q: After the conditional offer of employment has been made to a potential police applicant, the final stage of the selection process is: a. polygraph and medical evaluation. b. psychological and polygraph evaluation. c. physical agility and medical evaluation. d. psychological and medical evaluation.

Q: Adverse impact or different rate of selection occurs when the selection rate for any gender, race, or ethnic group is less than ____________________ percent of that for the group with the highest selection rate. a. 50 b. 60 c. 80 d. 90

Q: In the 2002 case of ________________________, the Supreme Court ruled that mentally handicapped people could not be executed, as doing so would constitute cruel and unusual punishment.

Q: The __________________________ view asserts that the death penalty is just as it is mentioned in the Bible.

Q: The concept of _____________________ states that the offender should confront their behavior and try to make amends, satisfy everyone's needs, and ultimately restore themselves as an upstanding member of the community.

Q: The Sherman Report suggested recruiting police applicants from what college program? a. liberal arts b. law enforcement c. medicine d. science and technology

Q: The concept of ____________________ states that criminals have been failed by society and that. therefore. treatment should be a beneficial means of compensating them.

Q: Most federal law enforcement agencies have the following education requirement: a. some college. b. 60 hours of college. c. associate's degree. d. bachelor's degree.

Q: According to John Firman, the research director for the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), the most common restriction on hiring applicants for police service with a history of drug use within the recent past is ____________________ years free from using hard drugs and five years free from marijuana. a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20

Q: Beginning around 1820 in both England and the United States, ______________________ became state or federal correctional institutions for the incarceration of felony offenders for terms of one year or more.

Q: The court case of _________________ ruled that the death penalty amounted to cruel and unusual punishment, in violation of the Eighth Amendment.

Q: Most police agencies require the vision of a police applicant to be correctable to: a. 20/20. b. 20/30. c. 20/40. d. 20/50.

Q: The belief that capital punishment creates a barbaric atmosphere that enhances the level of violence in society is referred to as the _________________.

Q: The U.S. Supreme Court case of Dothard v. Rawlinson (1977) dealt with what? a. height and weight requirements for necessary job performance b. age limits for prospective police candidates c. minimum educational requirements d. the admissibility of a polygraph in the selection process

Q: Which of the following is not considered when selecting police applicants? a. education b. physical abilities c. vision d. criminal history of parents

Q: Of the thousands of executions that have been carried out in the United States, most of these have been for murder and ______________.

Q: The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice recommended that police departments provide an absolute minimum of ____________________ hours of classroom work. a. 800 b. 500 c. 400 d. 600

Q: The ________________ is the view that the low rates of crime and delinquency among females reflect the leniency with which female offenders are treated.

Q: A sentencing scheme requiring that offenders serve at least 85% of their original sentence before being eligible for parole or early release is called _______________________.

Q: Recruiters will have to tap into the desires of the: a. Baby Boomer Generation. b. Millennial Generation. c. Me Generation. d. Generation Next.

Q: A ________________ sentence is a statutory requirement that a certain penalty shall be set and carried out in all cases upon conviction for a specified offense.

Q: Regarding arrests and the police screening process, most departments reject applicants with: a. an adult or juvenile felony conviction. b. an adult or juvenile misdemeanor conviction. c. adult felony arrests. d. juvenile felony arrests.

Q: The federal government program that gave grants for police officers to attend college was called: a. GRAD. b. LEEP. c. DIPLOMA. d. GAIN.