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Counseling
Q:
Discovering a cure for cancer most closely fits this Holland type.
a. Conventional
b. Enterprising
c. Investigative
d. Realistic
Q:
Phillips and her colleagues have examined career decision-making as it relates to
a. behavioral theory.
b. cognitive theory.
c. relationships the decision-maker has with others.
d. spiritual approaches to counseling.
Q:
A motor repair business most closely fits this environment.
a. Artistic
b. Conventional
c. Enterprising
d. Realistic
Q:
Discussing attachment issues in counseling may be helpful in career exploration, as it can help an individual develop
a. a sense of identity.
b. a sense of security.
c. career maturity.
d. self-efficacy.
Q:
Interest in Artistic and Investigative Holland themes can be best described as
a. congruent.
b. consistent.
c. incongruent.
d. inconsistent.
Q:
Which theory makes specific predictions about the effect of parental relationships on occupational selection?
a. attachment theory
b. Blustein's relational theory of working
c. Roe's theory
d. Phillips's theory
Q:
Clara enjoys fixing cars and understanding how they work. She would like to learn how to improve the design of automobile engines and to work on developing better ignition systems. Her Holland personality type is most likely to be
a. Artistic and Investigative.
b. Conventional and Investigative.
c. Enterprising and Investigative.
d. Realistic and Investigative.
Q:
Frequent career exploration behavior is most likely to be found in one or more of these attachment patterns.
a. anxious-ambivalent
b. avoidant
c. secure
d. all of the above
Q:
Enjoying working with people by persuading them to buy a new house suggests an interest in this environment.
a. Artistic
b. Conventional
c. Enterprising
d. Investigative
e. Social
Q:
The "strange situation" method is used to make observations about
a. career maturity.
b. decision-making.
c. patterns of attachment.
d. work adjustment.
Q:
Enjoying working with people by helping them learn suggests an interest in this environment.
a. Artistic
b. Conventional
c. Enterprising
d. Investigative
e. Social
Q:
Research on attachment theory is associated with the work of
a. John Bowlby.
b. Sigmund Freud.
c. Anne Roe.
d. Donald Super.
Q:
Enjoying organizing financial data suggests this environment.
a. Artistic
b. Conventional
c. Enterprising
d. Investigative
e. Social
Q:
Contextual action theory is used to explain
a. the role of parenting style on the occupational choice of children.
b. how peers influence the career choice of students.
c. how parents and children perceive the children's career decision-making.
d. attachment style of children and how it affects career choice.
Q:
Someone who very much enjoys playing the accordion is expressing an interest in this environment.
a. Artistic
b. Conventional
c. Enterprising
d. Investigative
e. Social
Q:
Which of the following theories has generated the most research support for its theoretical constructs?
a. attachment theory
b. Blustein's relational theory of working
c. Phillips's developmental relational model
d. Super's developmental theory
Q:
John Holland's theory of career development can best be described as
a. matching categories of people's personalities to categories of occupations.
b. matching people to occupations by assessing their values and abilities.
c. predicting later career choice from parental child raising behavior.
d. predicting later career choice from parental occupational selection.
Q:
The anxious ambivalent pattern of behavior in young children is associated with this theory.
a. attachment theory
b. family systems therapy
c. Phillips's developmental relational model
d. Super's developmental theory
Q:
John Holland originally started his theory with
a. psychometric findings about values.
b. research on occupations.
c. the research detailing specific principles used in work adjustment theory.
d. the idea that career choice is an extension of peoples personalities.
Q:
Career development theorists who are influenced by attachment theory study how
a. attachment issues in early childhood relate to later career development
b. basic elements of career choice are determined by the age of seven.
c. individuals become attached to a career choice at an early age and do not waiver.
d. volunteer work in college is unrelated to later choice of a career.
Q:
Cara is retiring from her job as a welder. She has few plans, but would like activities where she could keep busy all of the time, tell others what to do, be looked up to by others, and be recognized for her contributions as a volunteer. Her plans can most clearly be conceptualized by which of the following theories?
a. general trait and factor theory
b. Holland's theory
c. Myers-Briggs type theory
d. work adjustment theory
Q:
Relationships with family, friends, peers, teachers, and others is associated with this theory.
a. family systems therapy
b. Phllips's developmental relational model
c. Roe's personality theory
d. Super's developmental theory
Q:
Understanding that there are differences between the counselor's values and the client's values can be helpful in counseling, according to
a. Holland's theory.
b. Myers-Briggs type theory.
c. Frank Parsons.
d. work adjustment theory.
Q:
Parenting style is most important to this theory of career development.
a. Blustein's relational theory of working
b. Myers-Briggs Type theory
c. Roe's personality development theory
d. work adjustment theory
Q:
Expanding work adjustment theory to include sexual harassment
a. is inconsistent with the theoretical model.
b. requires revision of a crisis model of career adjustment.
c. would require a thorough revision of the Minnesota Occupational Classification System.
d. would require expanding the definition of one of the needs or adding a new definition.
Q:
Relationships with parents is most important in this theory of career development.
a. attachment theory
b. Blustein's relational theory of working
c. Phillips's developmental relationship model
d. Roe's personality development model
Q:
In applying work adjustment theory to women and culturally diverse populations, Dawis and Lofquist have not addressed differences very much because they have focused on
a. blue collar workers.
b. differences between groups.
c. differences within groups.
d. white collar workers.
Q:
Which of these concepts is associated with attachment theory of career development?
a. avoidance of the child
b. extraversion
c. secure pattern
d. stabilizing
Q:
Work adjustment theory has been applied to the following categories of individuals, with the exception of
a. adult men.
b. adult women.
c. third and fourth graders
d. young adolescents.
Q:
Psychoanalysis is the basis for which of these career development theories?
a. Anne Roe's personality development theory
b. John Holland's personality theory
c. parent-child interaction theory
d. work adjustment theory
Q:
The occupational classification system that is used in coding occupations in the Minnesota Occupational Classification System is the
a. Dictionary of Occupational Titles.
b. Guide for Occupational Exploration.
c. Holland's system .
d. Standard Occupational Classification System.
Q:
Anne Roe's career development theory was based on the work of
a. Carl Rogers.
b. Donald Super.
c. John Holland.
d. Sigmund Freud.
Q:
If Manuel does not like his job, a counselor who applies work adjustment theory is most likely to explore how Manuel's
a. interests fit with the requirements of the job.
b. needs are being met by the job.
c. depression influences his work.
d. relationships with supervisors have affected his performance.
Q:
A goal of Savickas's career construction theory is for the counselor to produce verbal and written _____________________________ which are presented to clients that form the basis for further career exploration.
a. early recollections
b. role model summaries
c. life portraits
d. preoccupation to occupation summaries
Q:
Which of the following theoretical approaches places the most emphasis on worker performance?
a. general trait and factor theory
b. Holland's theory
c. Myers-Briggs type theory
d. work adjustment theory
Q:
In Savickas's career construction theory, when conducting a Career Style Interview attention is paid to verbs because they denote:
a. intelligence
b. interests
c. movement or direction
d. values
Q:
Barbara finds that she enjoys her work as an elementary school teacher, but says that her teaching is being constantly evaluated and monitored by her principal. Although she has complained about this behavior, it persists. Using work adjustment theory, which explanation would you give for her lack of satisfaction?
a. Her need for responsibility is not being met.
b. Her ability to teach is not satisfactory.
c. There is a lack of congruence between Barbara's work style and that of the principal.
d. There is a poor match between Barbara's abilities and those of her chosen occupation.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT used in the Career Style Interview in Savickas's career construction theory:
a. early recollections
b. favorite sayings
c. questions about hobbies
d. planned happenstance instructions.
Q:
The Minnesota Occupational Classification System is used to
a. classify occupations according to interests.
b. classify occupations using the Guide for Occupational Exploration.
c. classify occupations according to personality.
d. match information about self and information about occupations.
Q:
Savickas's career construction theory uses the Career Style Interview which can be described best as a(an)
a. multiple choice test.
b. essay examination.
c. structured interview.
d. unstructured interview.
Q:
Counselors who apply work adjustment theory to counseling use tests and inventories to match the client's
a. abilities and interests with those required by occupations.
b. abilities and values with those required by occupations.
c. abilities, interests, personality characteristics, and values with those required by occupations.
d. personality characteristics with those required by occupations.
Q:
In Savickas's career construction theory attention is paid in determining lifestyle to?
a. scores on the Myers-Briggs inventory
b. the five major life tasks
c. instrumental and observational learning
d. ability and value patterns
Q:
Which of the following statements might be used when developing descriptions of value patterns that are associated with a specific occupation?
a. I could work on the job with others.
b. I like to accomplish many tasks at work.
c. Workers on this job need math skills.
d. Workers on this job are busy during working hours.
Q:
Elvira is participating in Savickas's career construction counseling. Which of these counseling techniques is she most likely to encounter?
a. life chapters
b. early recollections
c. genograms
d. simulation
Q:
Which of the following statements might be used in a measure of value patterns that are associated with different occupations?
a. I could help others with personal problems.
b. I know how to help others with personal problems.
c. Workers on this job help others with personal problems.
d. Workers on this job frequently must do heavy lifting.
Q:
Lifestyle in Savickas's career construction theory is a theme that individuals developed when
a. four to six years old.
b. in high school.
c. after working full time for at least three years.
d. they entered the counselor's office.
Q:
Which of the following statements might be used when developing value patterns that describe a specific occupation?
a. I could show others what to do.
b. I know how to use a lathe.
c. Workers on this job show others what to do.
d. Workers on this job need to know algebra.
Q:
Which of these is NOT a dimension of career adaptability?
a. concern
b. control
c. congruence
d. confidence
Q:
The Minnesota Job Description Questionnaire uses the same needs as
a. the Differential Aptitude Test.
b. the General Aptitude Test Battery.
c. the Minnesota Importance Questionnaire.
d. The Minnesota Occupational Classification System.
Q:
Which of these is NOT a goal of Savickas's career construction theory?
a. understand constructs for relating to their world
b. increase one's sense of self-efficacy
c. see values that make up their constructs
d. use typologies to determine their value and ability constructs
Q:
Occupational Ability Patterns, used in work adjustment theory, are derived from
a. measuring traits of workers and performing job analyses.
b. reading occupational information.
c. talking to supervisors of employees as well as the employees themselves.
d. weighing the relative importance of job satisfaction and satisfactoriness for a variety of occupations.
Q:
Which of these career theories views the client as giving meaning to career-related behavior?
a. Savickas's career construction theory
b. Holland
c. Super
d. work adjustment theory
Q:
When listening to a client describe her problems at work, a counselor using work adjustment theory is most likely to consider _________________ to be particularly important.
a. interests
b. knowledge of the job
c. personality type
d. values
Q:
Which of the following is a dimension of career adaptability in Savickas's career construction theory?
a. consistency
b. congruence
c. control
d. crisis management
Q:
Listening to Jane describing her problems at work, a counselor using work adjustment theory focuses particularly on
a. interests
b. Holland type.
c. values
d. vocational maturity
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a developmental task of career adaptability in Savickas's career construction theory?
a. realism
b. exploration
c. establishment
d. management
Q:
"Rhythm", the pattern of one's efforts or pace, is a term that reflects a personality style in
a. general trait and factor theory.
b. Holland's theory.
c. Myers-Briggs type theory.
d. work adjustment theory.
Q:
In Savickas's career construction theory the client's personality could be described as?
a. artistic, social, and enterprising
b. enmeshed
c. extraverted
d. decelerating
Q:
Celerity is a term that reflects a personality style in
a. general trait and factor theory.
b. Holland's theory.
c. Myers-Briggs type theory.
d. work adjustment theory.
Q:
Which of these theories is used in Savickas's career construction theory?
a. Holland's
b. Myers-Briggs's
c. Krumboltz's social learning theory
d. Roe's theory
Q:
In work adjustment theory, the value of status includes
a. looking for opportunities to advance.
b. doing a variety of different things.
c. being able to make significant accomplishments at work.
d. being able to work with reliable and predictable policies and supervisors.
Q:
A problem with cultural narratives in narrative career counseling is that they
a. are not current and may not apply well to individuals.
b. are biased in favor of Caucasian males.
c. overemphasize the role of action in society.
d. are too repetitive and of little use in individual counseling.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the six values important to work adjustment theory?
a. altruism
b. responsibility
c. status
d. safety
Q:
In narrative career counseling, clients are encouraged to
a. classify occupational information.
b. discuss occupational information with parents.
c. experience occupational information by interviewing workers, visiting work sites, and volunteering.
d. read information about occupations that corresponds with their interests and later read information about occupations that correspond with their abilities.
Q:
Tara is starting her job as a carpenter. She has few plans, but would like activities where she could keep busy all of the time, tell others what to do, be looked up to by others, and be recognized for her contributions as a good worker. Her plans can most clearly be conceptualized by which of the following theories?
a. general trait and factor theory
b. Holland's theory
c. Myers-Briggs type theory
d. work adjustment theory
Q:
Betsy and her counselor compose a detailed life history in the process of her career counseling. Which type of career counseling is most likely to do this?
a. social cognitive career theory
b. trait and factor counseling
c. narrative career counseling.
d. work adjustment theory
Q:
The values inventory that is most frequently used to measure values when applying work adjustment theory is the
a. Massachusetts Allegorical Values Scale.
b. Minnesota Importance Questionnaire.
c. Study of Values Scale.
d. Values Scale.
Q:
Using drawing and anecdotes are techniques associated with
a. narrative career counseling.
b. Savickas's social constructionist career counseling.
c. social cognitive career counseling.
d. trait and factor counseling
Q:
The test that is used most frequently in work adjustment theory to measure abilities is the
a. Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery.
b. Differential Aptitude Test.
c. General Aptitude Test Battery.
d. Scholastic Aptitude Test.
Q:
In Cochran's counseling, when the gap between the client's problem and possible solutions diminish significantly then ___________ is said to have taken place.
a. composing a life history.
b. constructing a reality.
c. crystallizing a career decision.
d. elaborating a career problem.
Q:
Work adjustment theory focuses most on
a. abilities and interests.
b. abilities and values.
c. personality and interests.
d. personality and values.
Q:
The first step in Cochran's narrative career counseling is
a. changing a life structure.
b. crystallizing a decision.
c. elaborating a career problem.
d. enacting a role.
Q:
According to work adjustment theory an employee would be most concerned with his or her
a. interests.
b. satisfaction.
c. satisfactoriness.
d. vacation plans.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a focus of Cochran's narrative career counseling?
a. crystallizing
b. constructing a reality
c. following career decision making procedures
d. making meaning out of a story of the client's career
Q:
According to work adjustment theory an employer would need to be certain to evaluate a worker's
a. interests.
b. satisfaction.
c. satisfactoriness.
d. values.
Q:
In narrative counseling, when the client tells how she encounters and deals with obstacles, this is a signal that the client is describing the __________ of the story.
a. beginning
b. middle
c. end
d. convergences
Q:
Regarding racial attitudes towards their clients, counselors as a group
a. have been able to avoid having their own attitudes affect their counseling.
b. have been vocal advocates against discrimination of people of color.
c. have done considerable damage to their clients because of the expression of unconscious racial beliefs.
d. need to be aware of their own racial attitudes towards their clients.
Q:
In narrative career counseling, the client serves as the
a. antagonist.
b. instrument.
c. novel.
d. protagonist.
Q:
Ogbu makes a contribution to the study of discrimination in the American labor force by
a. arguing that error discrimination does a great disservice to African American workers.
b. demonstrating that legislative changes have brought about diminishing discrimination towards African Americans in the 1990s.
c. describing the effects of the structure of the labor market in the United States.
d. distinguishing between orientations toward work of voluntary and involuntary minority groups.
Q:
In narrative counseling, a counselor serves a role somewhat like that of a (an)
a. coach.
b. editor.
c. mentor.
d. physician.