Counseling

Q: The landmark U.S. Supreme Court case of ___________________________ held that school officials could search a student without violating Fourth Amendment protections if the student committed an offense in violation of the school rules.

Q: The Rand study was called ____________________. a. The Criminal Investigation Process. b. Today's Criminal Investigators. c. Patrolling the Streets. d. Crime in America.

Q: The Pennsylvania System focused on the isolation of inmates and serving penance. a. True b. False

Q: In early juvenile courts, the standard of proof required to secure a conviction was lowered from "beyond a reasonable doubt" to _____________________

Q: Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania system to the New York system of corrections. Discuss the pros and cons of each. Are any of the concepts still used in prisons today? If so how, and if not, why not?

Q: Prior to the Rand study, it was common for police departments to have policies and procedures in place that emphasized: a. proactive investigations of future crime by detectives b. follow-up investigations of past crimes by patrol officers c. retroactive investigations of past crimes by detectives d. cold-case investigations

Q: During the 1990s, the crime rates across the country: a. went up in aggregate b. went down at an unprecedented rate c. remained constant d. went up for some crimes and down for others

Q: Discuss the historical development of parole and indeterminate sentencing. Does either have a place in the current correctional climate or would we be better off to abolish them? Defend your answer.

Q: A primary goal of Charles Loring Brace's __________________________ was the relocation of troubled inner city youths to more rural parts of the country to work on farms.

Q: The genesis of the modern practice of separating juvenile and adult offenders can be traced back to poor laws and _____________________ courts.

Q: The WashACT serves as a model nationwide in conducting training in the area of human trafficking. a. True b. False

Q: The nature and practices of corrections relate to environment. What kinds of conditions were prevalent in the South after the Civil War and how did this landscape affect corrections? Was anything unique or distinct in this region?

Q: Discuss the importance that the state of Pennsylvania played within the correctional system. What impact if any does it still have on our correctional institutions today?

Q: One of the ways detectives use to solve cold cases is DNA analysis. a. True b. False

Q: ____________________ programs, are balanced, highly structured, comprehensive continuums of intervention for serious and violent juvenile offenders returning to the community.

Q: Cybercrimes trends change regularly and quickly, which can make them difficult for law enforcement to keep up with. a. True b. False

Q: The removal of as many youths from secure confinement as possible, which was set forth by the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Act of 1974, is known as __________________.

Q: Immediately following the Civil War, the ______________ system of corrections permitted inmates to be loaned to private contractors who provided prisoners food and clothing in exchange for their labor.

Q: Undercover investigations are rarely used by federal law enforcement agencies. a. True b. False

Q: A juvenile's first appearance before a juvenile judge is called the _________________.

Q: The congregate penitentiary system was more concerned with instilling good work habits to prevent a relapse into crime than with ________________ an offender's character.

Q: Laws regarding waivers that either provide juvenile courts with criminal sentencing options or allow criminal courts to impose juvenile dispositions are called ___________________________.

Q: The _________________ penitentiary system of incarceration called for inmates to be held in isolation at night but to work with other inmates during the day under a rule of silence.

Q: Jacobson v. United States is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case related to entrapment. a. True b. False

Q: Sting operations targeting lewd behavior have often been used around the country, particularly in parks and areas frequented by children. a. True b. False

Q: The opening of Eastern State Penitentiary in 1829 marked the full development and implementation of the _______________ system.

Q: The hearing in which a judge decides to waive a juvenile to adult court is called a ____________________.

Q: The temporary care of a juvenile who may be a danger to himself or herself or to the community is known as ______________________.

Q: Although conceptualized by early English reformers, the penitentiary first appeared in the United States in the city of ____________, when part of the Walnut Street Jail was converted to allow for separate confinement.

Q: Decoy operations are most effective for combating the crimes of robbery, purse snatching, and other larcenies from the person; burglaries; and thefts of and from automobiles. a. True b. False

Q: In recent years, there has been a decrease in the use of multiagency investigative task forces. a. True b. False

Q: The Federal courts have not found it necessary to rule on the issue of _______________ for juveniles because liberal statutory release provisions act as alternatives.

Q: In 1682, with the arrival of William Penn, Pennsylvania adopted the "___________," which was based on humane Quaker principles and emphasized hard labor in a house of correction as punishment for most crimes.

Q: A _________________ is an institution that is created for young offenders that emphasizes education and training, a mark system of classification, parole, and indeterminate sentences.

Q: The social and political climate of the 1960s gave________ rise to a model of corrections.

Q: Courts whose main focus is providing treatment for youths accused of substance abuse crimes are called____________________.

Q: Crime analysis goes hand-in-hand with community-oriented policing and problem-oriented policing. a. True b. False

Q: Civil leaders known as the ___________________ focused on the misdeeds of poor children to control their behavior in the 1800s.

Q: Repeat offender programs (ROPs) are based on the fact that only a few criminals are responsible for most of the predatory street crime in the United States. a. True b. False

Q: The 1980s in corrections centered on crime control through__________ and risk containment.

Q: In a Managing Criminal Investigations (MCI) program, patrol officers play very limited roles in the investigation of past crimes. a. True b. False

Q: The Latin term, meaning "father of his country," that refers to the power of the state to act on behalf of those children who cannot is called ______________________.

Q: The first director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons upon authorization by Congress in 1929 was___________.

Q: The single most important determinant of whether or not a crime is solved is the quality of work performed by the detectives. a. True b. False

Q: Over half of the referrals to juvenile court never proceed beyond the intake stage. a. True b. False

Q: The U.S. Supreme court has repeatedly upheld the drug testing of student athletes. a. True b. False

Q: Progressives wanted to know the ______________ of an offender so that they could devise an individualized treatment program.

Q: Research shows that police use the same interrogation tactics on juveniles that they do on adults. a. True b. False

Q: Progressives implemented probation, , and parole throughout the United States.

Q: In smaller departments, detectives tend to be generalists. a. True b. False

Q: The medical model of corrections is based on the assumption that criminal behavior is caused by social, psychological, or biological deficiencies that require .

Q: Explain how the introduction of automobiles in police work affected police"community relations.

Q: After the Civil War, southern legislatures passed the , harsh laws designed to control newly freed African Americans.

Q: Recent empirical research has shown that police are more likely to arrest juveniles based on their attitudes. a. True b. False

Q: Most juveniles found "delinquent" in the early juvenile courts were sent to adult prison. a. True b. False

Q: Discuss the value of evidence-based policing.

Q: The first two decades of the 1900s, referred to as ______________, set the dominant tone for U.S. social thought and political action through the 1960s.

Q: Although heralded as a great liberal reform, modern scholars have come to view the creation of early juvenile courts as merely a continuation of the struggle between the rich and the poor. a. True b. False

Q: Explain what the academic studies regarding police patrol revealed about what the police do while on patrol.

Q: Describe the Kansas City study. What was the major value of the study?

Q: The ______________ were a group that looked to the social, economic, biological, and psychological rather than religious or moral explanations for the causes of crime.

Q: The first recognized juvenile court was established in Illinois in 1899. a. True b. False

Q: An institution intended to isolate offenders from society and one another so they could reflect on their misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation is called a .

Q: What are the three traditional methods that have been used to do police work in the United States? What are some of the reasons that the effectiveness of these methods began to be questioned?

Q: Why do citizens seem to want more police officers on foot patrol rather than in police cars?

Q: The New York House of Refuge was one of the first child-saving programs and was first opened in 1825. a. True b. False

Q: Match each item to the phrase or sentence below. a. Designed for young offenders b. Earned through behavior, education, and labor c. Treatment is required for offenders d. Done by inmate labor e. Contractors exchange food and clothing for convict labor f. Reintegration is the goal g. Developed in Auburn, NY h. Incarceration and supervision control behavior i. Isolates prisoners from society j.Sociological, biological, and psychological causes of crime Medical model

Q: _______________ is a new and dangerous prank that has become more prevalent in recent years.

Q: There are still over twenty states that do not mandate a minimum age beneath which a juvenile cannot be transferred to adult court. a. True b. False

Q: Smart911 allows individuals to voluntarily _____________ their phone numbers and enter associated personal, medical, and disability information into a secure website.

Q: Since passage in 1974, all 50 states now participate in some aspect with the deinstitutionalization mandate. a. True b. False

Q: The most commonly used formal sanction for juveniles is incarceration. a. True b. False

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