Q&A Hero

Q: Studies involving DARE programs have established that they are totally effective in preventing young people from experimenting with drugs and alcohol. a. True b. False

Q: Conservatives and liberals tend to share the same ideas about how to deal with crime.

Q: Restorative justice sees crime as a violation against which of the following? a. victim and community b. offender and state c. community and state d. victim and offender

Q: According to the text, Every aspect of the corrections field raises questions that concern deeply held values about: a. money. b. honor. c. social relations. d. punishment.

Q: Interdependence between staff and offenders is considered: a. informal enforcement. b. exchange. c. security. d. screening.

Q: In the famous United States v. Booker decision, the Supreme Court found that sentencing guidelines were: a. mandatory. b. discretionary. c. necessary. d. binding.

Q: None of the cities in the United States have made any special efforts to recruit members of the gay community for police jobs. a. True b. False

Q: Organizations develop _________ to keep operating with inmates having regular and predictable responses to the staff. a. routines b. policies c. procedures d. all of these

Q: Judges may deviate from the sentencing guidelines if aggravating or ________circumstances exist.a. mitigatingb. fixedc. purposefuld. exaggerating

Q: The terms racial profiling and driving while black have become commonplace. a. True b. False

Q: Punishments less severe than prison but more restrictive than traditional probation are: a. restorative sanctions. b. indefinite sanctions. c. immediate sanctions. d. intermediate sanctions.

Q: Given the difficult job the police have, it is easier for them to perform their duties if they have the support of the public. a. True b. False

Q: According to the author, the police"community relations (PCR) movement had a tremendous effect on the philosophy and culture of most police departments. a. True b. False

Q: The effectiveness of correctional strategies is: a. sophisticated. b. uncertain. c. unlikely. d. predictable.

Q: Legislatures concerned with the correctional goal of treatment usually prescribe a(n): a. determinate sentencing scheme. b. indeterminate sentencing scheme. c. mandatory sentencing scheme. d. presumptive sentencing scheme.

Q: Sentencing guidelines are designed to do all of the following except: a. reduce disparity in sentencing for similar offenses. b. increase and decrease punishments for certain offenders and offenses. c. reduce prison overcrowding. d. enhance rehabilitative efforts to punish offenders.

Q: Because correctional workers work directly with people, they have been referred to as: a. professional. b. street-level bureaucrats. c. having a thankless job. d. none of the above.

Q: One of the most significant problems facing the police over the past three decades has been the tension, and often outright hostility, between the police and minority group citizens. a. True b. False

Q: One result of funding squabbles is that organizational turf is: a. destroyed. b. disputed. c. lost. d. nurtured.

Q: Public opinion polls have revealed that most citizens have a very poor image of the police. a. True b. False

Q: According to the author, __________ is a method of applying scientific knowledge to practical purposes in a particular field. a. Technology b. Language c. Politics d. Persuasions

Q: The Boston Marathon bombing in April 2013 sent shockwaves throughout the United States and created an intense police manhunt for the suspects. The police used surveillance cameras to assist in the apprehension of the suspects. Discuss and describe the methods used by the police and your opinion on the use of surveillance cameras. Do you agree that surveillance camera should be used and why or why not? How does their use affect our privacy rights?

Q: The theory that offenders can be corrected: a. is widely recognized. b. faces dispute. c. is backed by evidence. d. is supported by politicians.

Q: Detail the pros and cons of police Internet registries.

Q: Explain the detective mystique and how it has developed.

Q: Clear, Cole, and Reisig divide some of the controversies, issues and themes that arise in the study of corrections into two main areas: a. managing the correctional organization and portraying a strong public image. b. working with offenders and interpreting U.S. Supreme Court interpretations. c. managing the correctional organization and working with offenders. d. portraying a strong public image and interpreting U.S. Supreme Court interpretation.

Q: Approximately _______ of all people under correctional supervision are living in the community on probation or parole. a. one-fifth b. one-half c. one-third d. two-third

Q: Since the___________, retribution as a justification for the criminal sanction has aroused new interest.a. 1930sb. 1950sc. 1970sd. 1990s

Q: Define solvability factor, and list some examples.

Q: Explain the process of mentoring a new detective.

Q: Punishment designed to repair damage to both victim and community is considered: a. rehabilitation. b. retribution. c. reintegration. d. restorative justice.

Q: According to the author, which system of government divides power between federal and state governments? a. Federalism b. Democracy c. Communism d. Capitalism

Q: Depriving an offender of the ability to commit crimes against society, usually by detention in prison, is: a. deterrence. b. retribution. c. incapacitation. d. rehabilitation.

Q: As systems grow and mature, they become: a. familiar. b. more complex. c. strange. d. boring.

Q: What innovations to police detective operations were made as a result of the Rand and PERF studies?

Q: Discuss the 1992 U.S. Supreme Court case of Jacobson v. United States. How has this ruling affected law enforcement procedures?

Q: Punishment of criminals that is intended to be an example to the public and to discourage the commission of offenses by others is known as: a. specific deterrence. b. specific retribution. c. general deterrence. d. general rehabilitation.

Q: Which important scholar argued that criminals and their punishment are functional in society, help to define norms and expectations for conformity? a. Emile Durkheim b. Cesare Beccaria c. Travis Hirshchi d. Cesare Lombroso

Q: According to the concept of , ___________offenders are returned to society once they are treated.a. deterrenceb. retributionc. incapacitationd. rehabilitation

Q: Which of the following countries has the highest incarceration rate in the world? a. The United States b. Russia c. South Africa d. Japan

Q: What are decoy operations? Provide some examples.

Q: According to the author, Corrections has a(n) __________ relationship with its environment. a. reciprocal b. inverse c. oppositional d. purposeful

Q: ________asserts that a person who has infringed on the rights of others deserves to be penalized or punished.a. Deterrenceb. Retributionc. Incapacitationd. Rehabilitation

Q: Corrections can be seen as a series of: a. processes. b. agencies. c. loops. d. both processes and agencies.

Q: The most frequently applied set of sentencing guidelines used throughout the United States is the: a. Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines. b. New York Sentencing Guidelines. c. Pennsylvania Sentencing Guidelines. d. Georgia Sentencing Guidelines.

Q: Describe a case enhancement program. How does this improve the investigative process?

Q: Describe the MCI program. How does it differ from traditional detective operations?

Q: Discuss some of the strengths and weaknesses involved in the use of multiagency task forces.

Q: Corrections ideally serves which goal(s)? a. Moral outrage b. Protection c. Punishment d. Both protection and punishment

Q: Probationary sentences emphasize guidance and ________in the community.a. employmentb. educational attainmentc. supervisiond. family connectivity

Q: Law enforcement is posting surveillance video on ___________ to assist their investigations in identifying suspects.

Q: Experts usually cite_________ as reasons wrongful convictions occur.a. plea-bargaining pressuresb. community pressurec. eyewitness errord. all of these

Q: Which of the following is the centralpurpose of punishment? a. To provide housing b. To protect society c. To carry out the criminal sentence d. All of these

Q: Now more than ever correctional systems are in a new era of correctional policy in what areas? a. Politics and policy change b. Financial and social change c. Psychological and political d. Socially and politically

Q: According to the authors, ___________ is the most visible penalty imposed by the American criminal justice system.a. imprisonmentb. probationc. paroled. the death sentence

Q: Police and business owners are now posting videos on the __________ website in order to allow the public to see suspected criminals.

Q: According to Herbert Packer, which of the following is NOT an element of punishment? a. an offense b. the infliction of pain because of the commission of the offense c. use of community justice tactics to deter the offender d. a dominant purpose to prevent further offenses or to inflict pain on the offender

Q: Inducing an individual to commit a crime he or she did not contemplate for the sole purpose of instituting an arrest and criminal prosecution against the offender is called __________.

Q: Probation and parole officers state that their original decision to become involved in this particular career field is based on their desire to: a. Receive promotions b. Help people c. Take criminals out of society d. Become a warden

Q: The __________is an operation in which an undercover police officer purchases drugs from a subject, and then leaves the scene and contacts the backup team, which responds and arrests the seller.

Q: Systems learn, grow and improve according to what? a. policies b. procedures c. feedback d. laws

Q: One out of____ African American children has a parent who has been to prison. a. 2 b. 6 c. 9 d. 13

Q: The goal of rehabilitation is oriented solely toward the ______________and does not imply any consistentrelationship between the severity of the punishment and the gravity of the crime. a. state b. victim c. offender d. law

Q: Among the stated goals of the correctional process as mentioned by the authors, which of the following does not overlap with the objectives of the other purposes? a. rehabilitation b. deterrence c. incapacitation d. retribution

Q: The advances of __________technology have led to the increase in the use of cold-case squads to solve crimes.

Q: What percent of African American fathers are now incarcerated? a. 6 b. 9 c. 12 d. 15

Q: Counting jails and prisons, approximately how many citizens are incarcerated? a. 1 million b. 2.3 million c. 3 million d. 4.3 million

Q: A covert investigation in which an investigator assumes a different identity to obtain information or achieve another investigatory purpose is called a(n) ____________________ investigation.

Q: With reference to time, rehabilitation is: a. future-oriented. b. present-oriented. c. past-oriented. d. both future- and past-oriented.

Q: __________ operations are undercover police operations in which police officers pose as criminals in order to arrest law violators; for example, they might be used to apprehend thieves and recover stolen property.

Q: According to the retributive justice model of punishment, those who commit a particular crime should be punished: a. subjectively. b. alike. c. differently. d. mercifully.

Q: The concept of selective incapacitation rests on the idea that: a. most serious offenders require short periods of incarceration. b. a small number of offenders are responsible for a disproportionate number of violent and property crimes. c. the cost of incarceration can be decreased by housing only serious violent drug offenders. d. the crime rate will remain relatively stable if serious felons are incarcerated for long periods.

Q: When all forms of correctional supervision are taken into account, what percent of all adults in the United States are under some form of correctional control? a. more than 8% b. more than 3% c. less than 2% d. more than 10%

Q: According to the author some people believe that ______________factors result in large numbers of Hispanics and African Americans being processed in the criminal justice system.

Q: A(n) __________ is the hidden surveillance of a location or person; for example, a group of heavily armed officers might hide in an area of a store or building to wait for an impending holdup.

Q: In __________ operations, officers dress as, and play the role of, potential victimsdrunks, nurses, business people, tourists, prostitutes, blind people, isolated subway riders, and the like.

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the four major goals of corrections in the United States? a. deterrence b. incarceration c. rehabilitation d. retribution

Q: In __________ operations, officers dressed in civilian clothes try to intermingle into an area and patrol it on foot or in unmarked police cars in an attempt to catch a criminal in the act of committing a crime.

Q: The concept of good time is provided to inmates in certain correctional facilities based on: a. medical issues. b. complaints to staff. c. family matters. d. participation in vocational programs.

Q: Unjust punishments can occur because of sentencing disparities and wrongful convictions. a. True b. False