Q&A Hero

Q: Public opinion about punishment has remained static over the last 200 years.

Q: Describe the difference between public relations and police"community relations.

Q: The Enlightenment period recognized that people in America and Europe began to rethink procedural matters toward offenders.

Q: One of the major reasons England and Europe resorted to sending offenders to the New World was that their prisons and houses of corrections were filled to overflowing.

Q: When convicted of a crime, an offender loses all constitutional rights and liberties. a. True b. False

Q: Why have some police departments historically had a poor relationship with the African-American community?

Q: Parolees have the right to be notified of the charges against them. a. True b. False

Q: Twenty-six percent of teens in romantic relationships report being intimidated and controlled with the assistance of ______________ and ____________________ sites.

Q: Racial profiling or __________ is a form of discrimination that singles out people of racial or ethnic groups due to the belief that these groups are more likely than others to commit certain types of crimes.

Q: The Age of Reason brought about new ideas based on rationalization, the importance of individuals and the limitations of government.

Q: The case of Wolff v. McDonnell showed that the court was extending the due process rights for prisoners in certain aspects. a. True b. False

Q: __________ are small police facilities in neighborhoods in which officers are stationed in order to engage in crime prevention programs with members of the community.

Q: Best known for his utilitarian theories and often referred to as his "hedonic calculus," Jeremy Bentham was a leading scholar of his time.

Q: In England by the year 1200, a system of wergild, or payment of money as compensation, had developed as a way for the king to collect additional resources from the citizens.

Q: In Rhodes v. Chapman, the court required inmates to prove Eighth Amendment violations through showing the punishment was unnecessary. a. True b. False

Q: Under the law of retaliation, lex talionis, vengeance was a duty to be carried out by the person wronged or by a family member.

Q: Prisoners have always had constitutional rights. a. True b. False

Q: __________ programs involve engraving identifying numbers onto property such as bicycles, televisions, and other personal electronic items with the goal of returning the property to owners if and when it is stolen and then recovered by the police.

Q: __________ programs are produced by radio and television stations that publicize an unsolved crime of the week; cash rewards are given for information that results in the conviction of the offender.

Q: Major efforts began by the start of the 19th century in both Europe and the United States to devise a more severe penal sanction that focused completely on the body.

Q: Like inmates in correctional facilities, convicted offenders in the community also have rights. a. True b. False

Q: __________ is a name for crime prevention programs (also known as Crime Watch, Block Watch, or Community Alert programs) in which neighbors are supposed to watch over their blocks and alert the police to any suspicious or disorderly behavior.

Q: The new industrialism brought about a shift from penal to economic considerations as the basis for punishment.

Q: An experiment was conducted in __________ to determine the deterrent effect of various methods of handling domestic violence, including mandatory arrest.

Q: By the end of the 1970s, federal judges had imposed changes on prisons and jails in every state. a. True b. False

Q: Experience has shown that successful lawsuits filed under Section 1983 have had a major impact for the grieving prisoner. a. True b. False

Q: Attempts to reform prisons began in the 1500s with the disintegration of feudalism.

Q: __________ is a program given by police officers in which the officers teach students in their own classrooms about the dangers of drug abuse.

Q: The _________was born out of concern for the sinfulness of sloth. a. wergild b. workhouse c. penitentiary d. bridewell

Q: James Q. Wilson has written, "The single most striking fact about the attitudes of citizens, black and white, toward the police is that in general these attitudes are __________."

Q: Individual states do not have their own constitutions. a. True b. False

Q: The right of habeas corpus for alleged terrorist detainees has been an important issue since 9/11. a. True b. False

Q: The relationships involved in both human relations and public relations between the police and the community are called __________.

Q: Benefit of clergy was extended to: a. all worthy men of the realm. b. only wealthy aristocrats of the realm. c. monks and nuns only. d. all literate persons.

Q: Since the inception of the Prison Litigation Reform Act, it has become more difficult for prisoners to file civil rights law suits. a. True b. False

Q: The law of the civil society as distinguished from church law is known as: a. natural law. b. lex talionis. c. secular law. d. benefit of clergy.

Q: The dominant social institution during the Middle Ages in England and Europe was: a. the king. b. the sheriff. c. the penitentiary. d. the church.

Q: Activities performed by police agencies designed to create a favorable image of themselves are called police __________.

Q: Wergild developed as: a. a barter system. b. a method for the king to bring his subjects directly under his rule. c. a method of treating private wrongs as public crimes. d. a system of compensation.

Q: Everything done with each other as human beings in all kinds of relationships is called __________.

Q: Discuss the four major forms of criminal sanctions that are most commonly used within our correctional system. What are the pros and cons of each form? Which do you feel is a greater deterrent to crime and why do you believe this particular sanction is more effective than the others?

Q: List and explain the various factors that influence the sentencing process. Of these factors, which do you feel has the most negative effect on the criminal justice system? on the offender? on the victim? on society in general?

Q: ________ was a leader of reform in England and the developer of a utilitarian approach to crime and punishment a. Jeremy Bentham b. John Howard c. Cesare Beccaria d. Bishop Nicholas Ridley

Q: Typically, Police Explorers are required to work approximately _____ hours a month to maintain their eligibility, but they may work more hours if they wish. a. 8 b. 12 c. 20 d. 40

Q: The response to crime was viewed as essentially a private affair prior to the ______century? a. 17th b. 15th c. 13th d. 18th

Q: Describe and discuss the two types of deterrence. What are the pros and cons of each type? Which are you in favor of and why?

Q: A well-rounded chaplain program will attempt to have representatives from _____ religious groups. a. all local b. Christian c. two main d. nondenominational

Q: According to the text, Legal sanctions, in the form we are familiar with today, emerged in the: a. 1700s. b. 1200s. c. 1500s. d. 1800s.

Q: List and explain the four goals of corrections, including the intended purpose of each. Provide your opinion on the overall effectiveness of each purpose; in doing so, be sure to discuss which you are in favor of in regard to the potential reduction in recidivism rates of offenders.

Q: Recently, social media has played a valuable role in the crime fight as well as _____ between the police departments and their clients. a. catching criminals b. crime suppression programs c. government intrusion d. building relationships

Q: ______________________ is the most visible form of punishment used in the United States.

Q: McGruff, the crime dog, and the "Take a Bite Out of Crime" program is an example of: a. a police ride-along program. b. a police mass media campaign. c. a police storefront or mini-station program. d. a citizen volunteer program.

Q: As a social institution, corrections reflects the vision and concerns of the: a. government. b. larger community. c. warden and administrators. d. sentencing judges.

Q: During the Age of Reason, advances in scientific thinking led to a questioning attitude that emphasized which of the following? a. Observation b. Experimentation c. Technological development d. All of these

Q: Of the four major goals of corrections, ________________ clearly conflicts with the other three goals since it focuses on treatment of the offender as opposed to other more punitive sanctions.

Q: National Night Out is in effect: a. once a month. b. twice a year. c. once a year. d. one week a year.

Q: The program in which the police engrave identifying numbers onto property such as bicycles, televisions, and stereos is called: a. Operation Engravement. b. Operation Home Security. c. Operation Crime Stop. d. Operation Identification.

Q: The correctional goal of ____________________ assumes that society can, by detention in a correctional facility or by execution, remove an offender's capacity to commit further crimes.

Q: The Guardian Angels group was formed by: a. Curtis Sliwa. b. Richard Hill. c. Rick Patterson. d. Logan Stout.

Q: How was the existing system of justice altered during the Enlightenment? a. People reconsidered the administration of law and redefined corrections. b. During this period the classical school of criminology emerged, with its insistence on a rational link between the gravity of the crime and the severity of the punishment. c. The social contract and utilitarianism emphasized limitations on the government and the need to erect a system of punishments so that people would be deterred from crime. d. All of these

Q: One of the best-known citizen patrol groups, whose members wear distinctive red berets and T-shirts, is called the: a. Red Berets. b. Citizen Avengers. c. Guardian Angels. d. Good Samaritans.

Q: The term wergild focuses on which of the following: a. rehabilitation for offenders b. money paid to relatives or victims of a crime c. educational programs d. vocational programs

Q: For the purpose of deterrence, which principle(s) did Beccaria believe were most important? a. Severity b. Swiftness c. Certainty d. Both swiftness and certainty

Q: Crime Stoppers originated in: a. Albuquerque, New Mexico. b. Boise, Idaho. c. Miami, Florida. d. Seattle, Washington.

Q: The Enlightenment proposed which of the following ideas for correctional reform? a. A rewriting of penal codes to increase the severity of criminal sanctions. b. A greater belief in the application of pain as a specific and general deterrent. c. The invention of the penitentiary, where prisoners could be isolated from the temptations of the outside world. d. An increase in the number of criminal laws and, as a result, a growth in the numbers and types of prisoners.

Q: The period known as the Enlightenment had what effect(s) on society? a. It brought a reaction against feudal society and the monopoly of religion. b. It stressed the notion of equality for all citizens. c. It was largely influenced by the growth of scientific thinking. d. All of these

Q: Crime Stoppers is a program in which police: a. operate decoy programs where they dress like possible crime victims. b. open up storefronts and pose as criminals who buy stolen property. c. ask television and radio stations to publicize a "crime of the week" so citizens can call tips into a special police phone number. d. all of these choices

Q: The correctional goal of __________________ attempts to restore the convicted offender to a constructive place in society through the use of individualized treatment.

Q: Another name for Neighborhood Watch programs is: a. Crime Watch. b. Block Watch. c. Community Alert. d. all of these choices

Q: The founder of the Classical School of Thought is ___________________. a. Cesare Beccaria b. John Howard c. Cesare Lombroso d. Jeremy Benthem

Q: The U.S. Supreme Court case Zinermon v. Burch dealt with: a. the elderly. b. juveniles. c. the mentally ill. d. female incarceration.

Q: The Penitentiary Act was based upon four core principles where prisoners were confined in solitary cells and labored silently in common rooms. They include a. secure and sanitary conditions. b. nonsystematic inspections. c. fees for inmates. d. a continued regimen.

Q: ___________________ sanctions are penalties that are more severe than probation but less severe than incarceration.

Q: The practice of removing offenders from the community to another land was known as: a. benefit of clergy. b. galley slavery. c. wergild. d. transportation.

Q: Unjust punishments can occur because of sentencing disparities and _____________.

Q: The Guardian Angels were formed in what city? a. Houston b. Dallas c. New York City d. San Diego

Q: Which of the following people who live on the public streets can be described as street people? a. the homeless b. alcoholics c. the mentally ill d. all of these choices

Q: The belief that a punishment inflicted on an offender must achieve enough good to outweigh the pain inflicted is called: a. utilitarianism. b. classical criminology. c. the Enlightenment. d. wergild.

Q: The Police Explorer program is aimed at youths interested in: a. camping and sleeping out of doors. b. police work. c. traveling to foreign cities. d. none of the above.

Q: __________presumes members of the general public will be discouraged by observing the punishments of others and will conclude the costs of crime outweigh the benefits.