Q&A Hero

Q: The courts have upheld the right of female corrections officers to pat down: a. only female prisoners. b. only male prisoners. c. male prisoners when a male officer is also present. d. both male and female prisoners.

Q: With incident-driven policing, officers tend to respond to similar incidents at the same location: a. once. b. as tactical response units. c. with problem-solving tactics. d. numerous times.

Q: Which of the following is not one of the most important benefits of community policing, according to the scholar Herman Goldstein? a. a more realistic acknowledgment of police functions b. a recognition of the interrelationships among police functions c. an acknowledgment of the limited capacity of the police to accomplish their jobs on their own and of the importance of an alliance between the police and the public d. community control of the police

Q: During the early 1960s, the U.S. Supreme Court decided to require state governments to most of the rights listed in the Bill of Rights: a. respect. b. reject. c. regulate. d. reconstruct.

Q: With the exception of those working for corporate and nonprofit organizations, correctional personnel are: a. executive personnel b. public employees. c. private contractors. d. management.

Q: Eastern State Penitentiary was designed by: a. John Howard b. John Haviland c. Jeremy Benthem d. Cessare Lombroso

Q: Which of the following is not one of the human behaviors found by Wesley Skogan to be extremely disruptive to the community? a. public drinking b. youths firing gunshots into the air c. commercial sex d. street harassment

Q: The first case recognized by the Supreme Court which recognized prisoners' rights involved a case of: a. brutality and physical conditions b. challenges to convictions. c. due process. d. medical treatment.

Q: The leasing of convicts to private entrepreneurs took hold in the: a. North. b. West. c. South. d. East.

Q: Many believe that modern community policing began with James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling's article ""˜____________________": The Police and Neighborhood Safety." a. Littered Streets b. Disordered Communities c. Broken Windows d. Dangerous Streets

Q: In Boumediene v. Bush, the Court ruled that the detainees at Guantanamo Bay are entitled to: a. a lawyer. b. challenge the conditions of their confinement. c. one hour of exercise a day. d. file writs of habeas corpus.

Q: In the 1960s, changes in police management led to the abandonment of: a. bicycle patrol. b. two-man patrol units. c. foot patrol. d. equestrian patrol.

Q: The __________ was an institution for young offenders that emphasized training, a mark system of classification, indeterminate sentences, and parole. a. penitentiary b. jail c. juvenile detention center d. reformatory

Q: Which case allowed inmates to sue state officials for brutality, inadequate medical care and nutrition, theft of personal property, and the denial of basic rights? a. Cooper v. Pate b. Terry v. Ohio c. Carroll v United States d. Gregg v. Georgia

Q: The __________ approach to criminology is based on the assumption that human behavior is a product of biological, economic, psychological, and social factors, and that the scientific method can be applied to ascertain the causes of individual behavior. a. Classical School b. Positivist School c. Progressive School d. Neoclassical School

Q: Which of the following was not one of the corporate strategies of policing described by the Executive Sessions on Policing? a. team policing b. strategic policing c. community policing d. problem-solving policing

Q: The Executive Sessions on Policing focused and debated on the use and price of: a. rolling traffic enforcement. b. adaptable computer databases. c. intelligence-led policing. d. community policing.

Q: The legislature, president, or governor has the ability to give an agency the power in the areas of health, safety, and the environment to implement: a. statutes. b. case laws. c. regulations. d. precedent.

Q: According to the text, Serious attempts made to implement what became known as the medical model of corrections began in the: a. 1890s. b. 1920s. c. 1940s. d. 1960s.

Q: The Anti-Terrorism Act imposes________ limit to file a federal habeas petition.a. a five-yearb. a one-yearc. a two-yeard. no

Q: An institution intended to isolate prisoners from society and each other so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation is the: a. panopticon. b. gaol. c. reformatory. d. penitentiary.

Q: During the Progressive Reform Era, two main strategies were implemented. They included improving conditions in social environments and ______________. a. feeding inmates better food. b. ensuring prisoners were not in solitude. c. reintegrating inmates into society. d. rehabilitating individual offenders.

Q: The FBI's success in the fight against terrorism is directly related to the strength of their relationship with state and local partners. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following correctional changes can be attributed to the prisoners' rights movement? a. improvement in institutional living conditions and administrative practices of many prisons b. review by correctional officials of many of their procedures and organizational structures c. both of these d. neither of these

Q: The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified in: a. 1960. b. 1868. c. 1789. d. 1810.

Q: In the convict lease system, prisoners are: a. punished harshly. b. transported. c. used for labor by private interests. d. confined to work in their cells.

Q: Using a COPS methamphetamine grant, Salt Lake City established a task force involving more than 30 government agencies working together to prevent the use and production of methamphetamine. a. True b. False

Q: According to the text, The medical model of corrections was beginning to be taken seriously through implementation in the ____________. a. 1910's b. 1920's c. 1930's d. 1940's

Q: Many states and larger cities have created state and local fusion centers to share information and intelligence within their jurisdictions as well as with the federal government. a. True b. False

Q: The opening of Eastern State Penitentiary in 1829 marked the full development of the: a. the congregate system. b. the labor system. c. the separate confinement system. d. the Howard system.

Q: According to the textbook, the overall results of the turbulent inmate rights period were: a. positive. b. negative. c. problematic. d. useless.

Q: In a resident officer program, a police officer works in the same neighborhood he or she lives in. a. True b. False

Q: For most of U.S. history, the Bill of Rights was interpreted as protecting individuals from acts of the: a. federal government. b. unlawful masses. c. state legislatures. d. president.

Q: The circumstances in a correctional facility that, when considered as a whole, may violate the protections guaranteed by the Eighth Amendment are known as: a. a rational basis test. b. totality of the conditions. c. totality of the circumstances d. least restrictive means test.

Q: The penitentiary was to be a place where: a. offenders were isolated from bad influences in society. b. offenders were isolated from one another. c. where offenders could reflect on their misdeeds. d. all of these.

Q: The 1994 Crime Bill provided that all new police officers hired in the United States would be paid entirely by federal funding. a. True b. False

Q: Prior to the 1960s courts maintained a(n) __________with respect to corrections.a. invasive policyb. administrative policyc. hands-off policyd. inquisitive policy

Q: Surveys indicate that the public does not support community policing and those strategies that are indicative of community policing. a. True b. False

Q: The four elements of the problem-solving strategy are: scanning, analysis, planning, and response. a. True b. False

Q: Separate confinement was first implemented in: a. Eastern State Penitentiary. b. Western State Penitentiary. c. Auburn Penitentiary. d. Walnut Street Jail.

Q: Researchers who traveled to St. Petersburg, Florida, to observe changes occurring in police roles and police"community relations after the implementation of community policing found that the citizens seemed satisfied with community policing. a. True b. False

Q: During the 19th century, American society became increasingly: a. desperate. b. heterogeneous. c. homogeneous. d. rural.

Q: Which court decision held that the basic elements of procedural due process must be present when decisions are made concerning the disciplining of an inmate? a. Wolff v. McDonnell b. Estelle v. Gamble c. Holt v. Sarver d. Pugh v. Locke

Q: Between 1790 and 1830, the population in urban America had: a. sharply declined. b. sharply increased. c. stayed mostly the same. d. none of the above.

Q: In instances when parole supervision is being revoked, offenders possess various________ rights.a. habeas corpusb. privacyc. due processd. administrative

Q: Which of the following has not been legally recognized by the Supreme Court as justifying abridgements of an inmate's constitutional rights? a. the maintenance of stable prison populations b. the maintenance of institutional order c. the maintenance of institutional security d. the rehabilitation of inmates

Q: The 41st Precinct in the Bronx earned the nickname "The Alamo." a. True b. False

Q: The concept of problem-oriented policing can be attributed to Herman Goldstein. a. True b. False

Q: a. punishment to a body inflicting pain b. law of civil society c. forced rowing d. detention facility e. pleasure over pain f. the right to be tried in ecclesiastical court g. Retaliation h. Age of Reason i. A form of banishment j. free will and severe punishment 1) Benefit of Clergy 2) classical criminology 3) corporal punishment 4) Enlightenment 5) galley slavery 6) House of corrections 7) Hulk 8) Lex talionis 9) Secular Law 10) Utilitarianism

Q: The authors of the seminal article ""˜Broken Windows': Police and Neighborhood Safety" were O. W. Wilson and Wesley K. Skogan. a. True b. False

Q: The humanistic concerns of the ____________ helped launch penal reforms.

Q: The Military Commissions Act (MCA) eliminated the ability of "unlawful enemy combatants" to file a writ of: a. corpus delicti b. nolle contendere. c. mens rea. d. habeas corpus.

Q: The rationalist philosophy of the __________ emphasizes individual rights.

Q: Three corporate strategies for policing discussed at Harvard's Executive Sessions on Policing were strategic policing, community policing, and problem-solving policing. a. True b. False

Q: The doctrine that the aim of all action should be the greatest balance of pleasure over pain and that a punishment inflicted on an offender must achieve enough good to outweigh the pain is called _______________.

Q: Until the 1800s, _______ was authorized to house pretrial detainees, debtors, and vagrants.

Q: The homeless are continually with us in our communities. The police are usually called upon to handle these individuals. Is this a situation in which the police should be involved? Why or why not?

Q: A school of criminology that views behavior as stemming from free will is known as the ____________ school.

Q: Describe the National Night Out program, and identify its objectives with regard to community relations.

Q: Money or other compensation is awarded to a plaintiff in a civil action when the person sued has: a. ministerial liability. b. personal liability. c. civil liability. d. strict liability.

Q: Discuss and list different ways volunteers may serve in police departments.

Q: Discuss why it is important for police to work with the homeless population, and describe what types of things are being done.

Q: According to the authors The Enlightenment was a reaction against feudal and __________ traditions.

Q: Secular law is the law of _________ society

Q: A writ of habeas corpus requests an examination of the legality of: a. conditions. b. confinement. c. length of sentence. d. entence.

Q: Explain the role that social media is playing in police"community relations.

Q: The leading reformer in England and the developer of the utilitarian approach to crime and punishment was _____________________.

Q: Explain how law enforcement makes use of traditional media such as newspapers, magazines, and television to carry out mass media campaigns, providing examples and discussing the goals of these campaigns.

Q: In Section 1983 lawsuits filed by inmates, correctional employees may be sued as individuals in their personal capacity, as opposed to their official capacity as a state employee. a. True b. False

Q: There is no right to parole in the United States. a. True b. False

Q: The filing of a writ of habeas corpus is the legal action most commonly used by inmates to challenge prison and jail conditions. a. True b. False

Q: Because punishment was considered a powerful general ___________, authorities in from the sixteenth to eighteen century in Europe carried sanctions out in the market square for all to see.

Q: Why is it essential that the police maintain positive relationships with the community?

Q: Scholars point to the _________________ as the first comprehensive statement of prohibited behavior.

Q: Name and describe several community crime prevention programs. Select one that you believe offers the most potential in reducing and preventing crime, and explain your rationale.

Q: Shaming is a new punishment idea.

Q: Name and describe several programs police departments have initiated for special populations of citizens. Which one do you believe offers the best service to a special population group?

Q: For most of U.S. history, the Bill of Rights was interpreted as protecting individuals only from acts of the federal government. a. True b. False

Q: Constitutions are written in more specific terms than statutes. a. True b. False

Q: The courts of each state are empowered to declare correctional conditions and practices in violation of either the state or federal constitution. a. True b. False