Q&A Hero

Q: The constant threat of civil litigation has forced jail administrators to develop and implement basic humane practices for managing offenders. a. True b. False

Q: Most sexual offenses do not involve: a. Violence. b. coercion. c. acquaintances. d. the police.

Q: At present, most U.S. jails are in good financial and physical shape; in fact, many offer better treatment and programs than most U.S. prisons. a. True b. False

Q: The most slippery concept in the classification of offenders is that of the: a. career criminal. b. violent. c. sex offender. d. mentally ill.

Q: According to your authors, for those who do jail time, the process is the punishment. a. True b. False

Q: Every offender assigned to corrections is: a. guilty. b. violent. c. Unique. d. drug addicted.

Q: The U.S. Supreme Court has made a significant impact on the way police do their job through its policy of: a. judicial review. b. probable cause. c. third-degree tactics. d. silver platter doctrine.

Q: In a typical group of thirty or so young adults it is likely that __________ has been locked up. a. at least five b. at least one c. at least half d. no one

Q: This national survey lists the number of all law enforcement employees for each reporting town, city, and county in America. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Q: This national survey lists all arrests made in the United States. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Q: By far the most successful alternative approach to bail is being released on one's own recognizance. a. True b. False

Q: The decision to _______is a factor influencing the filtering process: a. pigeonhole b. grant bail c. violate the law d. acquit

Q: Most judges attempt to set high bail amounts for defendants to ensure they stay locked up until trial, regardless of their offense. a. True b. False

Q: To avoid the problems that result from using bail, some jurisdictions have increased their use of citations. a. True b. False

Q: A sex offender through legislation is commonly recognized as which of the following? a. Rapist b. prostitutes c. child molesters d. all these

Q: This national survey is prepared by the National Institute of Justice. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Q: Pretrial detainees comprise a large percentage of the U.S. jail population. a. True b. False

Q: The treatment program that has consistently proven to be successful for the alcohol abuser in general population but less successful for those in the correctional population is: a. psychotherapy. b. milieu therapy. c. group counseling. d. Alcoholics Anonymous.

Q: This national survey is prepared by the FBI. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Q: The drug abuser presents ______________problems for corrections a. indistinct and hardly any b. classification and organizational c. very few significant d. both treatment and management]

Q: This national survey is based on a random survey of American homes. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Q: The most pressing medical problem in jails is the problem of AIDS and HIV. a. True b. False

Q: This national survey is based on reports made to the police from crime victims. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. U.S. Census d. Federal Criminal Justice Survey

Q: Correctional clients, as a group, seem to ________ the general population? a. differ markedly from b. be markedly similar to c. vastly like d. be indistinguishable from

Q: One of the problems for pretrial detainees is their physical appearance when they attend court. a. True b. False

Q: A person who has committed a sexual act prohibited by law is known as a: a. child molester. b. rapist. c. a social deviant. d. sex offender.

Q: Which constitutional amendment states that "no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized"? a. First b. Fourth c. Fifth d. Sixth

Q: Ninety percent of all jail inmates are considered indigent and cannot afford counsel. a. True b. False

Q: Half of those entering state prisons are ________years old. a. between 25 and 32 b. younger than 18 c. between 18 and 27 d. older than 35

Q: Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects against unreasonable searches and seizures? a. First b. Fourth c. Fifth d. Sixth

Q: This case ruled that a person in police custody must be advised of his or her constitutional rights prior to interrogation or the information obtained can be excluded. a. Brown v. Mississippi b. McNabb v. United States c. Escobedo v. United States d. Miranda v. Arizona

Q: According to your text, situational offenders pose many problems for the correctional system. Which of the following has been identified as a problem with this offender? a. They will generally repeat the offense in the future. b. They are extremely difficult to rehabilitate. c. Their crimes are usually less serious than most crimes committed by other offenders. d. They are the most problematic and violent prisoners in the inmate social system.

Q: Roughly 75 percent of those currently housed have already been convicted in a criminal court. a. True b. False

Q: One in seven jails in the United States currently operates under a court order, typically related to overcrowding. a. True b. False

Q: Due to the mobility of an automobile, this case allowed police to search automobiles upon probable cause but without a search warrant. a. Florida v. Bostick b. California v. Greenwood c. Hester v. United States d. Carroll v. United States

Q: When we talk about characteristics associated with criminal offenders, we can conclude that: a. there is much diversity with respect to the backgrounds of prisoners. b. on the whole, while unique differences do exist, there are still many similarities among prisoners. c. it is difficult (if not impossible) to make any general statements about criminal offenders. d. most offenders are very violent and dangerous, and as a result, deserve some form of incarceration.

Q: This case allowed searches, also known as "pat-downs," during field interrogations. a. Chimel v. California b. Terry v. Ohio c. United States v. Matlock d. Abel v. United States

Q: The __________ offender is most likely to be the object of exploitation and practical jokes while incarcerated. a. situational b. career c. mentally handicapped d. alcohol

Q: The average delay between arrest and sentencing is more than six months for inmates. a. True b. False

Q: This case allowed certain searches incident to arrest. a. Chimel v. California b. Terry v. Ohio c. United States v. Matlock d. Abel v. United States

Q: Most jails in the United States have viable rehabilitative programs, and many have professionally trained personnel to deal with the mental health needs of offenders. a. True b. False

Q: Older prisoners are more likely to: a. break prison rules. b. prefer solitude. c. seek gang membership for protection. d. be less stable.

Q: Jails are the entryway to corrections. a. True b. False

Q: ________ of those convicted receive a community sentence such as a fine or probation. a. two thirds b. one half c. one third d. one quarter

Q: a. noninterference policy b. rules created by judges c. legal rules regarding agency policies d. rules other judges follow with similar cases e. laws created by legislatures f. Lists individual rights g. intervention towards an agreed resolution h. responsible for compensation of a plaintiff i. judicial order j. investigates public officials 1) Constitutions 2) statute 3) case law 4) precedent 5) regulations 6) hands off policy 7) civil liability 8) habeus corpus 9) mediation 10) ombudsman

Q: "Evidence that may lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been committed and that a certain person committed it" is the definition of: a. beyond a reasonable doubt. b. reasonable suspicion. c. probable cause. d. likely evidence.

Q: This case established the exclusionary rule in federal courts. a. Weeks v. United States b. Wolf v. Colorado c. Rochin v. California d. Mapp v. Ohio

Q: Most jails in the United States hold fewer than 50 people. a. True b. False

Q: The central problem with the mental health model of criminality is that we: a. are too lenient on these offenders. b. cannot read people's minds. c. spend too much on these offenders. d. should not incarcerate those who are ill.

Q: The first recognized U.S. Supreme Court case recognizing the termination of the hands-off policy was the case of ______________.

Q: A public official who investigates complaints against government officials and recommends corrective measures is a(n) ____________.

Q: This case applied the exclusionary rule to all state courts. a. Weeks v. United States b. Wolf v. Colorado c. Rochin v. California d. Mapp v. Ohio

Q: Each year, police in the United States make about million arrest for all criminal infractions except traffic violations. a. 61.3 b. 51.0 c. 13.1 d. 6.2

Q: More prisoners receive ________sentences in the United States than in any other Western nation.a. lifeb. communityc. shortd. lengthy

Q: In recent years, America's prison population has been: a. getting younger. b. aging. c. shrinking. d. expanding.

Q: ___________ is intervention in a dispute by a third party where those in conflict submit their differences for resolution and the decision (in the correctional setting) is binding on both parties.

Q: To combat ambiguities in classification, correctional administrators have started using: a. more subjective criteria in an attempt to successfully predict future criminal behavior. b. expanded criteria to admit all relevant facts and use those facts involved in the case. c. a limited number of factors pertaining to substance abuse. d. classification systems that recognize similarities and differences between offenders.

Q: The constitutional guarantee that no agent or instrumentality of government will use anything to arrest, prosecute, try, or punish any person other than that prescribed by law is procedural __________.

Q: Of all the FBI Index crimes, the one that occurs least each year is: a. murder. b. rape. c. robbery. d. felonious assault.

Q: Of all the FBI Index crimes, the one that occurs most each year is: a. theft/larceny. b. motor vehicle theft. c. burglary. d. felonious assault.

Q: The ______ amendment focuses on the protection of privacy within the scope of search and seizure.

Q: Although not a U.S. Supreme Court decision, Seremeth v. Frederick County et al. (2012) dealt with the Americans with Disability Act and police interrogations. a. True b. False

Q: Most people would hardly call their own job a________ if they had been seen at work only three or four times.a. habitb. careerc. passiond. calling

Q: Legal rules created in judges' decisions that serve to guide decisions in similar cases are called _____________.

Q: In Missouri v. Seibert, the U.S. Supreme Court found that the approach used by the investigators encouraged a violation of Miranda. a. True b. False

Q: ___________ refers to legal rules produced by judges' decisions.

Q: References to "types" of offenders means they: a. are easily stereotyped because their actions are so similar. b. are fairly predictable for purposes of parole. c. share important characteristics even though they vary in others. d. behave very similarly for purposes of prediction.

Q: Programs that deal with mentally handicapped offenders have recently focused on: a. incapacitation. b. rehabilitation. c. deinstitutionalization. d. drug therapy.

Q: Legal rules, usually set by an agency of the executive branch, designed to implement in detail policies of that agency are ___________.

Q: The ______amendment focuses on the right to religious freedom.

Q: The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment right to counsel applies to a suspect no matter what case is involved. a. True b. False

Q: Berghuis v. Thompkins determined that defendants must make an affirmative statement or action to expressly waive their right to remain silent or to have a lawyer present during questioning. a. True b. False

Q: Correctional treatment programs have proven to be most effective with: a. compulsive and habitual drug abusers. b. pedophiles. c. career criminals. d. none of these.

Q: The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that suspicionless searches of parolees by law enforcement officers are unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment. a. True b. False

Q: One key method shown to prevent AIDS transmission is through: a. education. b. passing out condoms. c. prohibiting homosexual behavior. d. legalizing drugs.

Q: Laws passed by legislatures at all levels of government are known as __________.

Q: Parolees have the right to be notified of the charges against them.

Q: The U.S Supreme Court, in Kyllo v. United States,ruled that the use of a thermal imager is not considered a search under the Fourth Amendment. a. True b. False

Q: In classifying offenders, correctional administrators put them into groups based on: a. their needs for treatment. b. risk. c. security issues they pose to the prison. d. all of these.

Q: Most sexual offenses do not involve: a. violence. b. drugs or alcohol. c. acquaintances. d. the police.