Q&A Hero

Q: Which president influenced the concept of the "war on drugs?" a. Carter b. Nixon c. Clinton d. Reagan

Q: Over the past quarter century, the incarceration rate has: a. doubled. b. tripled. c. quadrupled. d. minimized.

Q: Predictive studies calculate that the future prison population of the United States is likely to: a. finally stop growing. b. increase steadily. c. shrink. d. remain stable.

Q: Methods of dealing with prison crowding include: a. reducing prison populations. b. implementing more intermediate sanctions. c. doing nothing. d. all of these.

Q: To "do something" about crime, government leaders have enacted: a. tough sentencing policies. b. increased law enforcement spending. c. tough parole policies. d. all of these.

Q: Tool counts, searches, and detailed accounting of materials are all critical to: a. building maintenance. b. good behavior. c. security. d. time management.

Q: A correctional officer's ability to do their job is impacted by prison overcrowding in what ways? a. increased potential for violence b. strain on staff morale c. limited ability to run programs d. all of these

Q: Intermediate sanctions include which of the following? a. community service b. boot camps c. home confinement d. all of these

Q: For the majority of the 20th century, the numbers of incarcerated prisoners in the United States: a. grew. b. held steady. c. decreased. d. were not calculated.

Q: Classification may occur at which of the following stages? a. during transfer to another institution b. in preparation for release c. after an inmate encounters problems d. all of these

Q: A process by which inmates can be grouped according to custody requirements and program needs is known as: a. reception and guidance. b. classification. c. placement. d. orientation.

Q: Proponents who say that nothing should be done about prison overcrowding subscribe to which strategy? a. Prison population reduction strategy b. Null strategy c. Construction strategy d. Just desserts strategy

Q: The doctrine that persons having been convicted of wrongful behavior should not be eligible for social benefits beyond the bare minimum required by law is known as the: a. principle of minimal return. b. principle of least benefit. c. principle of least eligibility. d. none of these

Q: Overcrowded prisons may violate: a. the First Amendment. b. the Fourth Amendment. c. the Sixth Amendment. d. the Eighth Amendment.

Q: At the end of 2002, most prisons were operating: a. at capacity. b. above capacity. c. below capacity. d. either at capacity or above capacity.

Q: A majority of inmates under correctional authority have a history of_______ problems. a. mental health b. diabetic c. HIV/AIDS d. all of these

Q: The term psychotherapy refers to the: a. treatment of physical conditions. b. treatment of psychosis. c. treatment of the mind. d. treatment regarding one's offense.

Q: Among the most desirable jobs in a prison are those in which the inmate has access to goods or services that can be sold within the prison economy. a. True b. False

Q: According to the authors, the most costly correctional resource is: a. the prison. b. intermediate sanctions. c. probation. d. intensive supervision probation.

Q: For two decades, the crime rate in the United States has been: a. declining. b. rising. c. stable. d. erratic.

Q: When compared to other developed countries, America's incarceration rate is extremely: a. insignificant. b. low. c. average. d. high.

Q: Historically, hard labor has served only a minimal role in how and why we punish. a. True b. False

Q: 80 percent of California's recommitments stemmed from: a. technical violations. b. violent offenses. c. new crimes. d. none of these

Q: One of the oldest ideas in prison programming is to teach prisoners a skill that can help them secure a job upon release. a. True b. False

Q: According to Clear, Cole, and Reisig, the prison population in this country has skyrocketed. One explanation for this is: a. public attitudes toward crime and punishment. b. increased arrests. c. the war on drugs. d. all of these.

Q: Confrontation therapy is a form of treatment that emphasizes personal responsibility for actions and their consequences. a. True b. False

Q: In prison, educational programs seek to treat the underlying emotional or mental problems that led to criminality. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following groups makes up a larger percentage of inmates? a. African Americans b. Hispanics and older prisoners c. Caucasians and women d. Both African Americans and Hispanics

Q: The reformative power of prison itself is often called its "specific deterrence" effect. a. True b. False

Q: The Bureau of Justice Statistics reports that ________ states and the federal government operated at or above capacity. a. 5 b. 10 c. 19 d. 24

Q: Which state has the highest incarceration rate among all the states? a. Texas b. Florida c. New York d. Louisiana

Q: In response to the problems associated with using inmate labor to produce goods for the competitive market, many states turned to the state-use system. a. True b. False

Q: The role of programs in prison is static regardless of the prison population and outside influences. a. True b. False

Q: What region within the United States has the lowest incarceration rate a. The South b. The Northeast c. The West d. The Southwest

Q: Between 1970 and 2005 the U.S. prison population grew by: a. 175 percent. b. 400 percent. c. 700 percent. d. 550 percent.

Q: Prison programs are any non-formal, non-structured activities that take prisoners out of their cells and allow them to do something. a. True b. False

Q: Men in prison tend to have already graduated from high school. a. True b. False

Q: a. Requires "essentials' of due processb. has no parent or guardian and does not receive proper carec. child who commits an act if committed by an adult is not a crimed. Transfer to adult courte. State as guardianf. paroleg. Specifies "˜essentials' of due processh. Stop doing crimei. child not receiving proper carej. Depends on social expectations1) Delinquent2) In Re Gault3) Aftercare4) Desistence5) Parens patriae6) Dependent7) Kent v. United States8) Neglected9) Status offense10) Waiver

Q: A __________ is considered a transfer to adult court.

Q: Of the five types of prison-based programs, the authors recognize that rehabilitation is the most controversial. a. True b. False

Q: A majority of people under correctional authority have a history of mental health problems. a. True b. False

Q: The ___________ alone is not enough to predict whether or not a juvenile offender is someone whom society should fear.

Q: As recognized by the authors, most states place inmates in lower custody levels than necessary. a. True b. False

Q: The impact of juvenile treatment programs differs from adults programs in that they show a ___________success rate than adults.

Q: Inmates who participate in educational programs while incarcerated are the least likely to return to prison. a. True b. False

Q: When Americans are asked to identify the serious problems facing children they cite drugs and __________.

Q: The ________________Poor Laws established the basis for officials to take charge of vagrant and delinquent children.

Q: Prison administrators use their programs as incentives for good behavior. a. True b. False

Q: Classification is a one-time procedure. a. True b. False

Q: Prison administrators use institutional programs to help manage time. a. True b. False

Q: The philosophy of juvenile corrections places a higher premium on ____________ and __________________.

Q: A child who is not receiving proper care because of an action or inaction of parents is a ________________.

Q: Female correctional officers only work with female inmates. a. True b. False

Q: With the dawn of the Juvenile Court period the new juvenile court took the role of ____________.

Q: Disproportionate confinement of minority juveniles often stems from disparity at the ______________________________.

Q: Over the last 25 years the correctional officer role has changed greatly. a. True b. False

Q: Prison disorder, including riots, staff murders, escapes, and inmate homicides, are proportionately more rare today than in the 1970s and 1980s. a. True b. False

Q: A ____________ child has no parent or guardian or whose parents are unable to give proper care.

Q: Most gangs are alike.

Q: Bureaucracies tend to increase the personnel and resources used to maintain manage the organization. a. True b. False

Q: Juvenile crime is an individual phenomenon.

Q: The warden is the chief executive officer of the institution. a. True b. False

Q: For juvenile offenders, the role of family is critical to the success of correctional efforts.

Q: Well-governed prisons are impossible due to the nature of the clientele. a. True b. False

Q: Line personnel are not concerned with furthering the institutional goals of a prison. a. True b. False

Q: It is unconstitutional to execute someone who committed their crime before they were 18.

Q: Correctional officers have total power over inmates. a. True b. False

Q: Conflicts between a child and adult may promote delinquency as the child's way of "getting back" or unintentionally calling attention to the conflict.

Q: Extremely serious juvenile crime incidents are rare.

Q: Formal codes of institutional conduct have emerged only in the last 40 years. a. True b. False

Q: Staff personnel usually work under the deputy warden, handling accounting, training, and purchasing. a. True b. False

Q: Describe who becomes a correctional officer and why. What draws people to this type of work? Would you become a correctional officer? Why or why not?Be sure to address the drawbacks, distinct challenges, and positive features of such work. Which job assignment would you want to avoid and which would you aim to secure?

Q: Violent offenders commit the least number of crimes.

Q: Provide definitions for coercive, normative, and remunerative power as they relate to the correctional system.Discuss the effectiveness of each type of power. Which do you feel could lead to a more secure and productive correctional setting? Be sure to fully explain your answer.

Q: Age is the best predictor of recidivism.

Q: .Most female delinquents commit the crime of running away.

Q: Most correctional professionals believe juveniles are more susceptible than adults to the influence of treatment programs.

Q: Define prison governance. Next, discuss the challenges officers face when attempting to gain compliance. What strategies are used by officers and administrators to gain compliance? Which do you believe is the most effective and which is the least effective? Be sure to fully explain your answer.

Q: Approximately how many juvenile offenders are referred to juvenile court each year? a. 550,000 b. 1.6 million c. 1 million d. more than 2 million

Q: List and discuss the negative consequences of boundary violations and job stress on correctional officers and staff. What is being done to combat such issues? Do you feel these tactics have been successful? Why or why not?