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Counseling
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Parole
Q:
Executions, in most parts of the country, were carried out in public until the:
a. 1750s.
b. 1830s.
c. 1870s.
d. 1900s.
Q:
According to the author, Until the mid-1700s criminal punishment in Europe and American colonies focused on the offender's body. It also focused on which of the following:
a. mutilation
b. whipping
c. dismemberment
d. all of these
Q:
It took approximately how long for Angel Diaz to die by lethal injection in Florida:
a. 5 minutes.
b. 20 minutes.
c. 30 minutes.
d. 1 hour.
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Presumptive release date
Q:
Because of the heinous nature of the crime, several states have sought to enact laws permitting use of the death penalty for adults who _________________.
a. kill a child while drunk driving
b. rape a child
c. molest a child
d. neglect a child
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Probation release
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Expiration release
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Conditional release
Q:
In Ford v. Wainwrightthe Supreme Court ruled that _________should not be executed.
a. the insane
b. juveniles
c. women
d. disabled people
Q:
Current case law indicates that capital punishment is legal:
a. as long as the voters of the state approve it.
b. as long as it is administered to deliver the least amount of pain.
c. as long as it's lethal injection and not electrocution.
d. as long as it's imposed fairly.
Q:
The case of _____________________ held that potential jurors who object to the death penalty cannot be automatically excluded from jury service in capital cases.
a. Gideon v. Wainwright
b. Witherspoon v. Illinois
c. Gregg v. Georgia
d. Furman v. Georgia
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Discretionary release
Q:
The term _________refers to the desire to keep the offender from committing further crimes.
a. reintegration
b. rehabilitation
c. incapacitation
d. retribution
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Post-custody supervision in the community
b. Without any further correctional supervision
c. Used with indeterminate sentence
d. Furloughs
e. Required release
f. The prisoner promises to abide by certain conditions in exchange for being released
g. Stipulated by parole guidelines based on offenders actions
h. Treat a mental abnormality
i. The government extends the privilege of release
j. Conditional release
Mandatory release
Q:
_______________ release occurs when a sentencing judge requires a period of postcustody supervision in the community.
a. Probation
b. Discretionary
c. Expiration
d. Mandatory
Q:
_______________ release refers to the release of an inmate from prison without any further correctional supervision; the inmate cannot be returned to prison for any remaining portion of their sentence for the current offense.
a. Mandatory
b. Conditional
c. Expiration
d. Discretionary
Q:
The term __________ refers to idea that the punishment of execution will deter others from violent criminal activity.
a. incapactitation
b. retribution
c. deterrence
d. rehabilitation
Q:
The term _________refers to the belief that one who takes another's life deserves punishment equal to the victim's fate.
a. incapacitation
b. retribution
c. rehabilitation
d. incapacitation
Q:
All of the following countries had a direct impact on the creation and early implementation of our parole system in the 19th century, except:
a. France.
b. Australia.
c. Ireland.
d. England.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the three key concepts that parole is based upon?
a. custody
b. constitutional rights
c. contract of consent
d. grace
Q:
Opponents of the death penalty argue that only ___________ has the right to take a life:
a. a victim.
b. the survivors.
c. the state.
d. God.
Q:
The belief that one who takes another's life deserves a punishment equal to the victim's fate:
a. is a moral argument.
b. is a utilitarian argument.
c. is a restorative argument.
d. a deterrence argument.
Q:
Roughly ____________ of release inmates are mentally or physically impaired.
a. 1/3
b. 3/4
c. 1/2
d. all
Q:
The belief that executions of wrongdoers deters others from committing the crime reflects:
a. a moral belief.
b. a utilitarian belief.
c. an incapacitative belief.
d. a restorative belief.
Q:
a. Individuals are asked to report on their own criminal behavior
b. Inequality of treatment
c. A difference explained by legitimate factors
d. Complex concept with changing definitions
e. Cultural characteristics
f. White fear of blacks will be greatest in areas where the proportion of blacks approaches that of whites
g. Punished 100 times more severely than powdered
h. Committed a crime in their lifetime
i. Losing the power to vote
j. Some type of criminal justice contact in your life or community
1) Race
2) Ethnicity
3) Self-report studies
4) Discrimination
5) Disparity
6) Nearly everyone
7) State presence
8) Crack cocaine
9) Disenfranchisement
10) Racial threat hypothesis
Q:
The goal of community corrections is to prepare offenders for reentry into society gradually through the:
a. rehabilitative model.
b. retributive model.
c. reintegration model.
d. reinforcement model.
Q:
According to inmates, if you want to be paroled you are required to:
a. use prison politics.
b. be in solitary confinement.
c. be uncooperative with staff.
d. be in a program.
Q:
____________ is assumed to be a biological concept that divides humankind into categories related to skin color and other physical features.
Q:
Parole evolved during the:
a. 17th century.
b. 18th century.
c. 19th century.
d. 20th century.
Q:
____________is a difference between groups that can be explained by legitimate factors.
Q:
With the increase in the prison population, the percentage of parolees has:
a. decreased.
b. increased.
c. remained static.
d. tapered off.
Q:
The ____________________ is the belief that white fear of African Americans is least when whites are the majority.
Q:
More than __________ adult felons leave state and federal prisons each year.a. 125,000b. 275,000c. 300,000d. 600,000
Q:
_____________ are seven times more likely than whites to have been incarcerated at some time in a state or federal prison.
Q:
_________is based on the assumptions of indeterminate sentences and rehabilitative programs.
a. Conditional release
b. Discretionary release
c. Mandatory release
d. Expirational release
Q:
President Barack Obama signed The Fair Sentencing Act of ____________ eliminating the mandatory minimum sentences for crack and powder cocaine use by offenders.
Q:
Which of the following is an impact of release mechanisms?
a. They can shorten a sentence imposed by a judge.
b. They encourage plea-bargaining.
c. They mitigate the harshness of the penal code.
d. all of these.
Q:
Some people claim that eliminating racism from the criminal justice system is not likely to occur, because the system is embedded in a larger racist ___________.
Q:
One of the consequences of discretionary parole is:
a. it leaves prisoners in limbo.
b. prisoners have few due process rights at the hearing.
c. decisions are made outside of the public's attention.
d. all of these.
Q:
Racial disparities become racial ____________if people who are otherwise similar in their criminality are treated differently by the criminal justice system.
Q:
Which of the following is a release criterion used by the parole board?
a. prior criminal record
b. attitudes toward victims
c. history of community adjustment
d. all of these
Q:
___________ distinguishes people according to language, religion, and group traditions.
Q:
An investigation of behavior (such as criminal activity) based on a subject's responses is a(n) ______________.
Q:
Sir Walter Crofton built___________on idea of requiring prisoners to earn early release.
a. Zebulon Brockway's
b. John Howard's
c. Sir Robert Peel's
d. Alexander Maconochie's
Q:
What distinguishes an "objective classification system" from traditional approaches to inmate classification?
Describe the various methods of classifying inmates. Identify the characteristics that are evaluated in each method. Which would you say is the most fair? Why? Which is the least fair? Why?
Q:
According to the author, Race is very controversial to the extent that is has been recognized as having both political and biological implications.
Q:
Ethnicity relates to a person's language, religion, and group traditions.
Q:
Describe the ways that security acts as a constraint on correctional programs offered in institutional settings. In your description, be sure to supply specific examples. In your opinion, is security too constrictive for inmates who truly seek to better themselves? Be sure to fully explain your answer.
Q:
Discuss the terms behavioral therapy and social therapy. What does each mean and what is the effectiveness of each type of therapy? Are there any negative aspects to these types of therapy and if so, what are they? Which is more beneficial to offenders?
Q:
Drug crimes are the only place we see discriminatory incarceration rates.
Q:
Discuss the various types of prison industry programs within corrections. Compare at least two types and the pros/cons for each program. In your opinion, which program is the most effective and why?
Q:
The argument that African Americans are more criminal than whites by nature is not sustained by the evidence.
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.a. Adds rewards and punishment, role modeling, and other teachingsb. Legal restrictions that prevent released felons from engaging in certain professionsc. Assigning types of custody and treatmentd. Emphasizes personal responsibilitye. Create environments that support prosocial behaviorsf. Focuses on changing patterns that accompany criminal behaviorg. Face to face with crime's consequencesh. Contract for prison-made goods at a set pricei. Treatment of the mindj. No goods or services beyond those available to law-abiding peopleSocial therapy
Q:
There have always been more African American men in prison than in college.
Q:
Examination of self-report studies of criminality has often revealed that African American and white youths admit to similar participation in criminal and deviant activity.
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.a. Adds rewards and punishment, role modeling, and other teachingsb. Legal restrictions that prevent released felons from engaging in certain professionsc. Assigning types of custody and treatmentd. Emphasizes personal responsibilitye. Create environments that support prosocial behaviorsf. Focuses on changing patterns that accompany criminal behaviorg. Face to face with crime's consequencesh. Contract for prison-made goods at a set pricei. Treatment of the mindj. No goods or services beyond those available to law-abiding peopleCognitive skill building
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.a. Adds rewards and punishment, role modeling, and other teachingsb. Legal restrictions that prevent released felons from engaging in certain professionsc. Assigning types of custody and treatmentd. Emphasizes personal responsibilitye. Create environments that support prosocial behaviorsf. Focuses on changing patterns that accompany criminal behaviorg. Face to face with crime's consequencesh. Contract for prison-made goods at a set pricei. Treatment of the mindj. No goods or services beyond those available to law-abiding peopleReality therapy
Q:
Many observers believe the relationship between racism and the criminal justice system is reciprocal.
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.a. Adds rewards and punishment, role modeling, and other teachingsb. Legal restrictions that prevent released felons from engaging in certain professionsc. Assigning types of custody and treatmentd. Emphasizes personal responsibilitye. Create environments that support prosocial behaviorsf. Focuses on changing patterns that accompany criminal behaviorg. Face to face with crime's consequencesh. Contract for prison-made goods at a set pricei. Treatment of the mindj. No goods or services beyond those available to law-abiding peopleCivil disabilities
Q:
African American youths are more likely to be arrested for all crimes than any other race.
Q:
Sentencing for drug crimes contributes to the high incarceration rate of African Americans.
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.a. Adds rewards and punishment, role modeling, and other teachingsb. Legal restrictions that prevent released felons from engaging in certain professionsc. Assigning types of custody and treatmentd. Emphasizes personal responsibilitye. Create environments that support prosocial behaviorsf. Focuses on changing patterns that accompany criminal behaviorg. Face to face with crime's consequencesh. Contract for prison-made goods at a set pricei. Treatment of the mindj. No goods or services beyond those available to law-abiding peoplePrinciple of least eligibility
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.a. Adds rewards and punishment, role modeling, and other teachingsb. Legal restrictions that prevent released felons from engaging in certain professionsc. Assigning types of custody and treatmentd. Emphasizes personal responsibilitye. Create environments that support prosocial behaviorsf. Focuses on changing patterns that accompany criminal behaviorg. Face to face with crime's consequencesh. Contract for prison-made goods at a set pricei. Treatment of the mindj. No goods or services beyond those available to law-abiding peoplePsychotherapy
Q:
Most Americans associate race and crime.
Q:
Some people believe that _______________factors result in large numbers of Hispanics and African Americans being processed by the criminal justice system.
a. biological
b. physiological
c. sociobiological
d. sociological
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.a. Adds rewards and punishment, role modeling, and other teachingsb. Legal restrictions that prevent released felons from engaging in certain professionsc. Assigning types of custody and treatmentd. Emphasizes personal responsibilitye. Create environments that support prosocial behaviorsf. Focuses on changing patterns that accompany criminal behaviorg. Face to face with crime's consequencesh. Contract for prison-made goods at a set pricei. Treatment of the mindj. No goods or services beyond those available to law-abiding peopleClassification
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.a. Adds rewards and punishment, role modeling, and other teachingsb. Legal restrictions that prevent released felons from engaging in certain professionsc. Assigning types of custody and treatmentd. Emphasizes personal responsibilitye. Create environments that support prosocial behaviorsf. Focuses on changing patterns that accompany criminal behaviorg. Face to face with crime's consequencesh. Contract for prison-made goods at a set pricei. Treatment of the mindj. No goods or services beyond those available to law-abiding peoplePiece price system
Q:
Self-report studies show that __________ have committed a crime.
a. very few people
b. most people
c. more white people
d. fewer people of color
Q:
Whites tend to admit to more ____________crimes than African Americans or Hispanics when completing a self-report survey.
a. theft
b. drug
c. burglary
d. alcohol
Q:
Patterns of disproportionate representation in the criminal justice system:
a. start with juveniles.
b. are a rural phenomenon.
c. have always existed.
d. are inevitable.
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.a. Adds rewards and punishment, role modeling, and other teachingsb. Legal restrictions that prevent released felons from engaging in certain professionsc. Assigning types of custody and treatmentd. Emphasizes personal responsibilitye. Create environments that support prosocial behaviorsf. Focuses on changing patterns that accompany criminal behaviorg. Face to face with crime's consequencesh. Contract for prison-made goods at a set pricei. Treatment of the mindj. No goods or services beyond those available to law-abiding peopleConfrontation therapy
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.a. Adds rewards and punishment, role modeling, and other teachingsb. Legal restrictions that prevent released felons from engaging in certain professionsc. Assigning types of custody and treatmentd. Emphasizes personal responsibilitye. Create environments that support prosocial behaviorsf. Focuses on changing patterns that accompany criminal behaviorg. Face to face with crime's consequencesh. Contract for prison-made goods at a set pricei. Treatment of the mindj. No goods or services beyond those available to law-abiding peopleBehavior therapy
Q:
One in three African American men are:
a. in prison.
b. on probation.
c. in college.
d. under correctional supervision.
Q:
__________________ therapy is a type of treatment that induces behaviors through reinforcements, role modeling, and other active forms of instruction.
Q:
Referrals to juvenile court for African American males occur more than _________ the rate for whites.
a. twice
b. five times
c. triple
d. half
Q:
Because the First Amendment guarantees this individual right,____________ programs are available to all prisoners.
Q:
African Americans make up 40 percent of the prison population but __________ of all U.S. residents.
a. 5 percent
b. 13 percent
c. 25 percent
d. 32 percent
Q:
_____________ _______________ is a form of treatment that focuses on patterns of interactions with others, especially patterns that may indicate problems.
Q:
No one can dispute the __________ impact of the prison system's growth on young men of color.
a. underwhelming
b. insignificant
c. disparate
d. equitable