Q&A Hero

Q: Opponents of new prison construction believe that, given the nature of bureaucratic organizations, prison cells will always be: a. expensive. b. filled. c. rundown. d. valuable.

Q: Indeterminate sanctions include community service, restitution, fines, boot camp, home confinement, and: a. intensive probation supervision. b. rehabilitation. c. restoration. d. psychotherapy.

Q: There seems to be __________relationship between the crime rate and the incarceration rate.a. littleb. a directc. a paralleld. a corresponding

Q: Over the past quarter century, the incarceration rate has: a. doubled. b. tripled. c. quadrupled. d. minimized.

Q: Predictive studies calculate that the future prison population of the United States is likely to: a. finally stop growing. b. increase steadily. c. shrink. d. remain stable.

Q: Methods of dealing with prison crowding include: a. reducing prison populations. b. implementing more intermediate sanctions. c. doing nothing. d. all of these.

Q: To "do something" about crime, government leaders have enacted: a. tough sentencing policies. b. increased law enforcement spending. c. tough parole policies. d. all of these.

Q: A correctional officer's ability to do their job is impacted by prison overcrowding in what ways? a. increased potential for violence b. strain on staff morale c. limited ability to run programs d. all of these

Q: Intermediate sanctions include which of the following? a. community service b. boot camps c. home confinement d. all of these

Q: For most of the 20th century, the numbers of incarcerated prisoners in the United States: a. grew. b. held steady. c. decreased. d. were not calculated.

Q: Proponents who say that nothing should be done about prison overcrowding subscribe to which strategy? a. prison population reduction strategy b. null strategy c. construction strategy d. just desserts strategy

Q: Overcrowded prisons may violate: a. the First Amendment. b. the Fourth Amendment. c. the Sixth Amendment.the Sixth Amendment. d. the Eighth Amendment.

Q: At the end of 2002, most prisons were operating: a. at capacity. b. above capacity. c. below capacity. d. either at capacity or above capacity.

Q: According to the authors, the most costly correctional resource is: a. the prison. b. intermediate sanctions. c. probation. d. intensive supervision probation.

Q: For two decades, the crime rate in the United States has been: a. declining. b. rising. c. stable. d. erratic.

Q: When compared to other developed countries, America's incarceration rate is extremely: a. insignificant. b. low. c. average. d. high.

Q: Eighty percent of California's recommitments stemmed from: a. technical violations. b. violent offenses. c. new crimes. d. none of these.

Q: The prison population in this country has skyrocketed. One explanation for this is: a. public attitudes toward crime and punishment. b. increased arrests. c. the war on drugs. d. all of these.

Q: Which of the following groups makes up a larger percentage of inmates? a. African Americans and women b. Hispanics and older prisoners c. Caucasians and women d. both African Americans and Hispanics

Q: The Bureau of Justice Statistics reports that__________ states and the federal government prison systems operated at or above capacity.a. 5b. 10c. 19d. 24

Q: Which state has the highest incarceration rate among all the states? a. Texas b. Florida c. New York d. Louisiana

Q: What region within the United States has the lowest incarceration rate? a. the South b. the Northeast c. the West d. the Southwest

Q: Between 1970 and 2005, the U.S. prison population grew by: a. 175 percent. b. 400 percent. c. 700 percent. d. 550 percent.

Q: Since 1980, the percentage of inmates serving time for violent offenses has declined while the number incarcerated for drug offenses has increased substantially. a. True b. False

Q: The states with highest incarceration rates tend to be in the Northeast region of the country. a. True b. False

Q: From 1930 through 1990, the U.S. prison population remained relatively stable. a. True b. False

Q: The U.S. prison population continues to be the highest in the developed world. a. True b. False

Q: Correctional officials have exclusive control over the intake of new offenders. a. True b. False

Q: A large percentage of the admissions to prison each year are parole violators. a. True b. False

Q: The makeup of the inmate community in terms of race, age, and criminal record has little effect on how institutions are operated. a. True b. False

Q: Prison crowding directly affects the ability of correctional staff to do their work because it decreases the proportion of offenders in programs, increases the potential for violence, and strains morale. a. True b. False

Q: Researchers argue that using technical violations as a crime prevention strategy does not make a meaningful difference in the criminal activity of released prisoners. a. True b. False

Q: There seems to be little relationship between the crime rate and the incarceration rate. a. True b. False

Q: The United States incarcerates its people at approximately the same rate as other countries. a. True b. False

Q: We have clear evidence that imprisonment is cost effective. a. True b. False

Q: Given current public attitudes toward crime and punishment, it is likely that incarceration rates will remain high. a. True b. False

Q: States with higher unemployment have a higher prison population. a. True b. False

Q: States with more generous welfare benefits have higher prison populations. a. True b. False

Q: It is said that states with higher violent crime rates have lower levels of imprisonment. a. True b. False

Q: For health and safety concerns, crowded living conditions in correctional facilities cannot be tolerated. a. True b. False

Q: Some overseers think a hardening of public attitudes toward criminals is reflected in longer sentences. a. True b. False

Q: How would you respond to the argument that the American prison is becoming a place where the urban poor receive better housing, health care, education, and job training than they do on the outside? Is this argument true or false? Be sure to fully explain your answer.

Q: Define and discuss the "war on drugs." How has the war on drugs affected U.S. prison populations? Based on your readings, has this been a successful war? Be sure to fully explain your answer. Finally, what can be done to address the issues that have resulted from this war?

Q: List and explain three unintended consequences of our ever-increasing prison population. Discuss the political and social effects of these consequences. Are they acceptable? What would you suggest to lawmakers in regard to decreasing the overall prison population? Explain your reasoning.

Q: The _____________ strategy advocates doing nothing to relieve prison overcrowding, under the assumption that the problem will take of itself.

Q: With respect to race/ethnicity, _____________ and _____________ now make up a significant percentage of inmates in U.S. correctional facilities.

Q: The average incarceration rate in the U.S. between 2000 through2009 set an all time record at __________ per 100,000 people.

Q: To begin the "war on drugs," Congress in 1987 imposed stiff ________________ sentences for federal drug violations, laws that many states copied.

Q: Crusades against drugs are not a new phenomenon; in fact, the effort to deter people from using drugs dates back to the late ____________.

Q: The states with the highest incarceration rates tend to be located in the ____________ region of the U.S.

Q: The state of _______________ currently has the highest incarceration rate in the United States.

Q: As a direct consequence of higher incarceration rates, courts have cited states for maintaining overcrowded prisons that violate an inmate's ____________ Amendment right prohibiting cruel and unusual punishment.

Q: A large portion of the prison population is made up of offenders who are being returned to prison for new crimes or_________ .

Q: According to research findings, states with higher _________have higher prison populations.

Q: According to Allen J. Beck, the continuing increase in the prison population is a result of tougher laws resulting in both more prison sentences and_________ .

Q: The population incarcerated in American prisons and jailsmakes up_________ of people under correctional supervision.

Q: The skyrocketing prison population has created a correctional crisis of _________.

Q: The size and growth of the prison population is not distributed _________across the country.

Q: According to the authors, corrections officials have little or no control over the _____ of new offenders.

Q: When prison space is limited, judges reserve ___________ for only the most violent offenders.

Q: New mandatory sentencing law greatly limit the discretion_________ of with regard to the length of sentences for certain offenses.

Q: When the subject of criminal sanction arises, the general public usually thinks first of________.

Q: a. Build our way out of overcrowding b. Strains staff morale c. Cheaper than prison d. Let prisons become more and more crowded e. Incarceration rate above historical norms f. African Americans/Hispanics g. Higher prison populations as a whole h. Average U.S. incarceration rate from 2000 to 2007 i. Higher rate of imprisonment of specific groups j.Raw material of corrections States with higher revenues

Q: a. Build our way out of overcrowding b. Strains staff morale c. Cheaper than prison d. Let prisons become more and more crowded e. Incarceration rate above historical norms f. African Americans/Hispanics g. Higher prison populations as a whole h. Average U.S. incarceration rate from 2000 to 2007 i. Higher rate of imprisonment of specific groups j.Raw material of corrections Largest percent of inmate population

Q: Discuss the age of offenders within a typical juvenile corrections facility. Should this age be lowered to send more juvenile offenders directly into the adult system? What would the benefits of this be for corrections as whole?

Q: Identify and discuss four distinct sanctions for juvenile offenders. Discuss how these differ from adult sanctions. Which sanction do you feel is the most important for diverting the following criminal and deviant acts: (1) truancy, (2) drug and alcohol usage, (3) property crimes, and (4) violent behaviors?

Q: Discuss the differences between the terms "delinquent child," "neglected child," and "dependent child." Originally, which type of child was the juvenile system intended to focus on? Which type of child does it currently focus primarily on today?

Q: Compare and contrast the juvenile and adult correctional process. Be sure to highlight and address philosophical, procedural, and programmatic similarities and differences. Do you agree that there ought to be two distinct systems? Explain your position.

Q: The ______________________ Act is a federal law that was passed in 1988 that requires states to determine whether the proportion of minorities in confinement exceeds their proportion in the community.

Q: One of the most widespread new intermediate sanctions for juvenile offenders is the _____________.

Q: ______________________-based programs usually have three objectives: keep truants in school, reduce school violence, and improve academic performance of at-risk youth.

Q: ____________________ refers to the fact that many youths who fail in school end up in prison.

Q: The public today calls for ______________ measures to curb the juvenile crime problem

Q: Most gangs are not ___________, and many gang members may actually engage in positive social behaviors.

Q: Policy makers around the country are rethinking the get-tough approach to juvenile justice, and a new policy ethic is beginning to surface referred to as _____________.

Q: A(n)_________ is considered a transfer to adult court.

Q: The_________ alone is not enough to predict whether or not a juvenile offender is someone whom society should fear.

Q: The impact of juvenile _________ programs differs from adult programs in that they show a greater success rate than adults.

Q: When Americans are asked to identify the serious problems facing children, they cite _________ and crime.

Q: The _________Poor Laws established the basis for officials to take charge of vagrant and delinquent children.