Q&A Hero

Q: Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Objective standard for defense counsel b. Circumstances that increase seriousness of crime c. Deserves a punishment equal to the victim's fate d. The three-drug protocol is constitutional e. Developed in the late 1970s f. Separate hearings for guilt and sentencing g. Execution of the insane h. Circumstances that invite mercy i. Reinstituted death penalty j.Death penalty unconstitutional Aggravating

Q: Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Objective standard for defense counsel b. Circumstances that increase seriousness of crime c. Deserves a punishment equal to the victim's fate d. The three-drug protocol is constitutional e. Developed in the late 1970s f. Separate hearings for guilt and sentencing g. Execution of the insane h. Circumstances that invite mercy i. Reinstituted death penalty j.Death penalty unconstitutional Retribution

Q: Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Objective standard for defense counsel b. Circumstances that increase seriousness of crime c. Deserves a punishment equal to the victim's fate d. The three-drug protocol is constitutional e. Developed in the late 1970s f. Separate hearings for guilt and sentencing g. Execution of the insane h. Circumstances that invite mercy i. Reinstituted death penalty j.Death penalty unconstitutional Baze v. Rees

Q: Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Objective standard for defense counsel b. Circumstances that increase seriousness of crime c. Deserves a punishment equal to the victim's fate d. The three-drug protocol is constitutional e. Developed in the late 1970s f. Separate hearings for guilt and sentencing g. Execution of the insane h. Circumstances that invite mercy i. Reinstituted death penalty j.Death penalty unconstitutional Bifurcated

Q: Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below. a. Objective standard for defense counsel b. Circumstances that increase seriousness of crime c. Deserves a punishment equal to the victim's fate d. The three-drug protocol is constitutional e. Developed in the late 1970s f. Separate hearings for guilt and sentencing g. Execution of the insane h. Circumstances that invite mercy i. Reinstituted death penalty j.Death penalty unconstitutional Ford v. Wainwright

Q: The biggest demographic predictor of attitudes toward capital punishment is ___________.

Q: In the case of _________________, the Supreme Court ruled that defendants had the right to counsel that meets an "objective standard of reasonableness."

Q: In the case of __________________, the Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty could be reinstated throughout the United States after being ruled unconstitutional four years prior.

Q: The number of people facing the death penalty in America has ____________ dramatically.

Q: The utilitarian argument in support of capital punishment is based on the belief that execution of offenders ____________ others from committing murder.

Q: Opponents of the death penalty state that only ___________ has the right to take a life.

Q: The most common method used in executions in the United States today is _______________.

Q: In Ring v. Arizona the Supreme Court ruled that_________must make the factual decisions as to whether a convicted murderer should receive the punishment of death.

Q: The case of_________ examined whether or not the death penalty was administered in a cruel and unusual manner.

Q: _________states and the federal government currently authorize capital punishment.

Q: In Furman v. Georgia (1972), the Supreme Court ruled that the way the death penalty was administered constituted_________ .

Q: The _________Amendment protects against cruel and unusual punishment.

Q: Currently within the United States, challenges to_________ are taking place in most states with an active death penalty.

Q: Legal cases continue to raise concerns about the lengthy periods that condemned offenders spend on death row because of _________.

Q: The case of _________decided that a court that was hearing a death penalty case must use a bifurcated system of judgment.

Q: Retribution, incapacitation, and _________ are usually cited as the reasons for keeping the death penalty.

Q: Most death penalty defendants are_________ and are provided counsel by the state.

Q: In ____________, the Supreme Court ruled that offenders cannot be sentenced to death for acts committed prior to reaching the age of 18. a. Roper v. Simmons b. Atkins v. Virginia c. Tennessee v. Garner d. Ring v. Arizona

Q: In ______________, the Supreme Court ruled that juries, not judges, must make the crucial factual decisions as to whether a convicted murderer should receive the death penalty. a. Roper v. Simmons b. Atkins v Virginia c. Gregg v. Georgia d. Ring v. Arizona

Q: In the United States, a recent poll indicated that __________ percent of the population favors capital punishment. a. 10 b. 60 c. 25 d. 90

Q: In ___________________, the Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty was itself not unconstitutional, but the way it was administrated constituted cruel and unusual punishment. a. Furman v. Georgia b. Cameron v. Klenowski c. Gregg v. Georgia d. Gideon v. Wainwright

Q: The case of_________ showed that a three-drug lethal injection protocol violates the "cruel and unusual punishment" clause.a. Gideon v. Wainwrightb. Gagnon v. Scarpellic. Gregg v. Georgiad. Baze v. Rees

Q: Consular officials must be notified when a foreign national is: a. arrested. b. executed. c. deported. d. exiled.

Q: In which case was it ruled that offenders cannot receive the death sentence if they were under 18 at the time of the crime? a. Ring v. Arizona b. Georgia v. Furman c. McCleskey v. Kemp d. Roper v. Simmons

Q: In Atkins v. Virginia the Supreme Court ruled that: a. executing the mentally retarded is unconstitutional. b. discrimination must be proven in each case. c. the death penalty is unconstitutional. d. bifurcated trials are constitutional.

Q: Research shows that the death penalty is more likely to be imposed when: a. the offender is white. b. the offender is African American. c. the victim is white. d. the victim is African American.

Q: To try to ensure a more thorough deliberation before imposing the death sentence, legislatures enacted: a. an oversight committee. b. a waiting period. c. a sentencing grid. d. a two-stage process.

Q: The latest attempt to impose capital punishment in a way that does not offend modern cultural sensibilities is: a. the gas chamber. b. the electric chair. c. lethal injection. d. the firing squad.

Q: In most Western democracies the death penalty has been: a. streamlined. b. impartial. c. abolished. d. humanitarian.

Q: Analysts argue that public opinion for the death penalty is: a. impossible to gauge. b. strongly in favor. c. strongly opposed. d. somewhat confusing.

Q: Since 1976 the number of people facing the death penalty has: a. declined. b. increased. c. stabilized. d. diminished.

Q: The number of states without the death penalty has_________ in recent years.a. decreasedb. remained unchangedc. increasedd. stabilized

Q: After 1935 the number of executions began to: a. decline. b. soar. c. climb. d. stabilize.

Q: In most parts of United States, executions were carried out in public until the: a. 1750s. b. 1830s. c. 1870s. d. 1900s.

Q: According to the authors, until the mid-1700s criminal punishment in Europe and American colonies focused on which of the following? a. mutilation b. whipping c. dismemberment d. all of these

Q: Which of the following countries has not abolished the death penalty? a. France b. Germany c. China d. Australia

Q: Because of the heinous nature of the crime, several states have sought to enact laws permitting use of the death penalty for adults who: a. kill a child while drunk driving. b. rape a child. c. molest a child. d. neglect a child.

Q: In Ford v. Wainwright the Supreme Court ruled that_________ should not be executed.a. the insaneb. juvenilesc. veteransd. disabled people

Q: Current case law indicates that capital punishment is legal as long as: a. the voters of the state approve it. b. it is administered to deliver the least amount of pain. c. it is lethal injection and not electrocution. d. it is imposed fairly.

Q: The case of _________held that potential jurors who object to the death penalty cannot be automatically excluded from jury service in capital cases.a. Gideon v. Wainwrightb. Witherspoon v. Illinoisc. Gregg v. Georgiad. Furman v. Georgia

Q: The term_________ refers to the desire to keep the offender from committing further crimes.a. reintegrationb. rehabilitationc. incapacitationd. retribution

Q: The term_________ refers to the idea that the punishment of execution will deter others from violent criminal activity.a. incapacitationb. retributionc. deterrenced. rehabilitation

Q: The term________ refers to the belief that one who takes another's life deserves punishment equal to the victim's fate.a. incapacitationb. retributionc. rehabilitationd. incapacitation

Q: Opponents of the death penalty argue that only _________has the right to take a life.a. a victimb. the survivorsc. the stated. God

Q: The belief that one who takes another's life deserves a punishment equal to the victim's fate is: a. a moral argument. b. a utilitarian argument. c. a restorative argument. d. a deterrence argument.

Q: The belief that execution of wrongdoers deters others from committing the crime reflects: a. a moral belief. b. a utilitarian belief. c. an incapacitative belief. d. a restorative belief.

Q: Although nearly one of ten arrestees for murder is a woman, judges and juries seem very reluctant to sentence a woman to death. a. True b. False

Q: Death row inmates tend to be poorly educated men from the middle class. a. True b. False

Q: Although Florida is known as the "death penalty capital of the country," the overall percentage of murderers sentenced to death in Florida is actually lower that it is in other surrounding states. a. True b. False

Q: The number of death sentences carried out has declined by more than half since the 1990s. a. True b. False

Q: Recent evidence has determined that the death penalty does have a deterrent effect on the general public. a. True b. False

Q: In a democracy, public opinion usually has little to no impact on public policy. a. True b. False

Q: The last public execution in American took place in Wheeling, West Virginia, on November 17, 1929. a. True b. False

Q: Public executions were common until the 1830s, when most were moved inside prison walls. a. True b. False

Q: Insanity is a recognized defense for commission of a crime because mens rea is not present. a. True b. False

Q: The case law since Furman indicates capital punishment is legal as long as it is imposed fairly. a. True b. False

Q: The case of McCleskey v. Kemp focused on racial discrimination under Georgia's death penalty law. a. True b. False

Q: Lethal injection is fast, easy, and painless. a. True b. False

Q: Use of the death penalty will continue to be a major source of debate among legislators, scholars, and correctional officials. a. True b. False

Q: Aggravated and mitigating circumstances are looked at during the sentencing phase of a bifurcated trial. a. True b. False

Q: As of 2013, 32 states and the federal government currently recognize capital punishment for those who commit murder. a. True b. False

Q: According to opponents of the death penalty, capital punishment is applied in a discriminatory fashion. a. True b. False

Q: An offender who presents belated evidence of innocence is entitled to a new hearing in a federal court before execution. a. True b. False

Q: According to opponents of capital punishment, there is no evidence the death penalty deters violent crime. a. True b. False

Q: Describe the significance of race and punishment. What steps can be made to reduce the racial differences in punishments? In your opinion, will this significant problem ever be fully addressed? Be sure to explain your answer.

Q: Discuss how the relationship between politics and criminal justice policy are reflective of race and punishment. Are there differences? How have the differences changed over time?

Q: Discuss what impact a high level of incarceration has on both African American and Latino communities. What implications does this impact have for the effectiveness of community-based corrections?

Q: List and explain three ways in which the criminal justice system operates to allow for an overrepresentation of African Americans and Latinos/as in the prisons. Be sure and give one example involving the police, one involving the courts, and one involving corrections. In your opinion, what can be done to change this issue facing corrections?

Q: The sentencing for _____________ crimes, starting in the 1980s, has led to a rapid increase in incarceration rates of African Americans.

Q: Racist _____________, it is argued, help produce the higher crime rates among minorities, and then racist fears of minorities help justify treating them more harshly when they are caught.

Q: The _____________ perception of the race of the offender often differs from the race of those arrested.

Q: The overrepresentation of African Americans in the criminal justice system has led to ________________.

Q: The disparity between ___________ and punishment patterns is key to the claim by some scholars that the criminal justice system is biased against minority groups.

Q: Racial disparities become racial ______________ if people who are otherwise similar in their criminality are treated differently by the criminal justice system because of their race.

Q: _________________ such as poverty, single parent families, and unemployment contribute to higher crime rates.