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Counseling
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Interacting with clients to change their behavior
b. Corrections is divided against itself
c. Problem of attraction and motivation
d.Choice between unsatisfactory alternatives
e. Focusing on prisons
f. Looking for patterns and consistencies in study findings
g. Expectations and goals
h.Assigning a group to a valid program and one group to a non-valid program
i.Achieves correctional goals through technology
j.Disproportionately affected minority group members
Systematic review
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Interacting with clients to change their behavior
b. Corrections is divided against itself
c. Problem of attraction and motivation
d.Choice between unsatisfactory alternatives
e. Focusing on prisons
f. Looking for patterns and consistencies in study findings
g. Expectations and goals
h.Assigning a group to a valid program and one group to a non-valid program
i.Achieves correctional goals through technology
j.Disproportionately affected minority group members
Regressive approach
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Interacting with clients to change their behavior
b. Corrections is divided against itself
c. Problem of attraction and motivation
d.Choice between unsatisfactory alternatives
e. Focusing on prisons
f. Looking for patterns and consistencies in study findings
g. Expectations and goals
h.Assigning a group to a valid program and one group to a non-valid program
i.Achieves correctional goals through technology
j.Disproportionately affected minority group members
Techno-corrections
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Interacting with clients to change their behavior
b. Corrections is divided against itself
c. Problem of attraction and motivation
d.Choice between unsatisfactory alternatives
e. Focusing on prisons
f. Looking for patterns and consistencies in study findings
g. Expectations and goals
h.Assigning a group to a valid program and one group to a non-valid program
i.Achieves correctional goals through technology
j.Disproportionately affected minority group members
Personnel
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Interacting with clients to change their behavior
b. Corrections is divided against itself
c. Problem of attraction and motivation
d.Choice between unsatisfactory alternatives
e. Focusing on prisons
f. Looking for patterns and consistencies in study findings
g. Expectations and goals
h.Assigning a group to a valid program and one group to a non-valid program
i.Achieves correctional goals through technology
j.Disproportionately affected minority group members
Internal structure
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Interacting with clients to change their behavior
b. Corrections is divided against itself
c. Problem of attraction and motivation
d.Choice between unsatisfactory alternatives
e. Focusing on prisons
f. Looking for patterns and consistencies in study findings
g. Expectations and goals
h.Assigning a group to a valid program and one group to a non-valid program
i.Achieves correctional goals through technology
j.Disproportionately affected minority group members
Mission
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Interacting with clients to change their behavior
b. Corrections is divided against itself
c. Problem of attraction and motivation
d.Choice between unsatisfactory alternatives
e. Focusing on prisons
f. Looking for patterns and consistencies in study findings
g. Expectations and goals
h.Assigning a group to a valid program and one group to a non-valid program
i.Achieves correctional goals through technology
j.Disproportionately affected minority group members
Motivational interviewing
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Interacting with clients to change their behavior
b. Corrections is divided against itself
c. Problem of attraction and motivation
d.Choice between unsatisfactory alternatives
e. Focusing on prisons
f. Looking for patterns and consistencies in study findings
g. Expectations and goals
h.Assigning a group to a valid program and one group to a non-valid program
i.Achieves correctional goals through technology
j.Disproportionately affected minority group members
Dilemma
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Interacting with clients to change their behavior
b. Corrections is divided against itself
c. Problem of attraction and motivation
d.Choice between unsatisfactory alternatives
e. Focusing on prisons
f. Looking for patterns and consistencies in study findings
g. Expectations and goals
h.Assigning a group to a valid program and one group to a non-valid program
i.Achieves correctional goals through technology
j.Disproportionately affected minority group members
Correctional growth
Q:
The field of corrections will go nowhere without effective _____________.
Q:
The emergence of professionalization in corrections has led to two important consequences: the field is _____________, and performance meets a higher standard.
Q:
Borrowed from the field of medicine, the ______________ creates an experiment in which some people are given the treatment and an identical group is not, so whatever difference in how the two groups turn out is assumed to be the result of the treatment or non-treatment.
Q:
Most correctional officials recognize that focusing on prisons is a ___________ rather than a ____________ approach.
Q:
_________________, along with fiscal constraints, has produced unprecedented concern about correctional costs.
Q:
The main resource of corrections is ____________.
Q:
Most correctional administrators find that their greatest frustrations lie in getting other ___________ to avoid actions that severely constrain their ability to function.
Q:
The problem of ___________ in corrections is one of interdependence and coordination.
Q:
The challenge we face is bringing our __________more into line with our__________ .
Q:
The public's desire to punish criminals is not backed up by willingness to__________ for the cost of punishment.
Q:
Correctional__________ is difficult to assess.
Q:
One of the initial recruiting problems for those working within corrections is the low starting__________ .
Q:
The parade of new programs shifts the emphasis from to__________ .
Q:
The list of__________ correctional methods includes reduced caseloads, offender counseling, family counseling, group treatment, restitutions, and offender classification.
Q:
A__________ is a situation that forces one to choose between two unsatisfactory alternatives.
Q:
Correctional leaders, the authors assert, should articulate their__________ and establish a clearer policy to guide its implementation.
Q:
The growth of the American correctional system has__________ affected minority group members.
Q:
When American penologists met in Cincinnati in 1870, they affirmed a mission of ______________ that become a model of corrections around the world.
Q:
According to the authors, all of the following are considered to be major dilemmas facing corrections, except:
a. time.
b. methods.
c. mission.
d. structure.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the four major forces that are now shaping corrections in the United States?
a. professionalization
b. techno-corrections
c. evidence-based practices
d. increasing crime rates
Q:
The National Institute of Corrections is a division of the _____________ housed within the Department of Justice.
a. Corrections Corp. of America
b. American Corrections Association
c. Federal Corrections Association
d. Federal Bureau of Prisons
Q:
Several forces contribute to the constant change in corrections, predominantly professional associations and ____________.
a. lobbyists
b. government agencies
c. the general public
d. the media
Q:
A new force for steady correctional growth and development that is likely to outstrip professional associations and government agencies is:
a. you.
b. the media.
c. professors of criminal justice.
d. comprehensive research.
Q:
A national clearinghouse of information about correctional practices is the:
a. American Correctional Association.
b. National Institute of Corrections.
c. California Peace Officers Association.
d. American Probation and Parole Association.
Q:
The crime rate today is about what it was in:
a. 1953.
b. 1963.
c. 1973.
d. 1993.
Q:
The social costs of the growth of the penal system have been borne most substantially by:
a. working-class families.
b. suburban communities.
c. upper-class families.
d. minority communities.
Q:
Compared to the 1970s, those who go to prison serve sentences that are:
a. nearly twice as short.
b. nearly twice as long.
c. nearly identical.
d. incomparable.
Q:
In recent years there has been a dramatic growth in what type of studies?
a. leadership effectiveness
b. program effectiveness
c. prison effectiveness
d. vision effectiveness
Q:
According to the authors, most correctional administrators find that their greatest frustrations lie in:
a. budgetary constraints.
b. legal constraints.
c. lack of interagency partnerships.
d. lack of a clear mission.
Q:
Leadership studies suggest that:
a. good leaders can handle any situation.
b. great leaders are born not made.
c. Winston Churchill is the ideal leader.
d. skills must fit the situation.
Q:
The authors contend that the field of corrections will get nowhere without:
a. ample resources.
b. effective methodologies.
c. effective leadership.
d. a new vision.
Q:
A constitutional and traditional barricade in our government is:
a. harsh punishment.
b. the separation of powers.
c. disproportionality.
d. interagency cooperation.
Q:
A potential threat to administrators' ability to manage the correctional system is:
a. media coverage.
b. privatization.
c. personnel.
d. a schizophrenic public.
Q:
The "Iron Law of Prison Populations" refers to the size of a prison population determined by the number of people who are sent to prison and their:
a. gender.
b. length of stay.
c. classification.
d. age.
Q:
One example of techno-corrections is:
a. electronic monitoring.
b. guard tower controls.
c. probation officers.
d. work-release centers.
Q:
Corrections' main resource is:
a. money.
b. power.
c. personnel.
d. law.
Q:
A recent trend that aims to improve agency coordination is:
a. mission clarity.
b. partnerships.
c. restructuring.
d. method clarity.
Q:
A structural problem with corrections is that the system depends on significant factors:
a. outside of its control.
b. that conflict with one another.
c. that cannot be administered fairly.
d. outside budget capabilities.
Q:
The history of corrections has taught us that we often__________ the people we try to help.a. cureb. reachc. neglectd. injure
Q:
The most stringent correctional methods are__________applied in practice.a. fairlyb. disproportionatelyc. sparinglyd. liberally
Q:
The most experienced correctional workers have seen highly praised programs:
a. gain widespread support.
b. achieve great ends.
c. come and go.
d. fail to be implemented.
Q:
If the correctional mission is unclear, the best correctional strategies and techniques often:
a. have a high rate of success.
b. work effectively.
c. do not seem to work.
d. enjoy wide public support.
Q:
In the 1960s, most people agreed that the primary mission of corrections was:
a. retribution.
b. rehabilitation.
c. incapacitation.
d. deterrence.
Q:
Corrections lacks a clear:
a. mission.
b. method.
c. structure.
d. approach.
Q:
Most of those in charge of today's corrections system would argue that what we are doing is:
a. effective.
b. self-destructive.
c. fair.
d. reasonable.
Q:
The number of people under correctional control currently totals over:
a. 2 million.
b. 4 million.
c. 7 million.
d. 9 million.
Q:
The term__________ refers to the use of technology to monitor those on community corrections.a. techno-correctionsb. techno-prisonc. techno-wardend. techno-jails
Q:
The U.S. corrections system has become much harsher than other systems of a free society.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Programs that have been proven ineffective by research efforts are easily discarded for new innovative strategies.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The key consideration that the new generation of correctional leaders will face is how to redirect an enormous enterprise in need of a new vision.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Although the correctional population has increased significantly over the past few decades, the number of officers and staff has decreased dramatically.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Crime rates are the lowest they have been in a generation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Evidence-based practice has come to stand for a strategy of correctional development.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Corrections, as a system today, now has a clear and distinct mission.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The length of an inmate's prison stay has nearly tripled over the last 30 years.
a. True
b. False
Q:
If we could do it all again, we would likely have envisioned the corrections system we have today.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Replacing decrepit facilities is cost effective.
a. True
b. False
Q:
There are two goals for corrections staff: attracting the right people to work in corrections and motivating them to remain once employed.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Most correctional employees receive equal pay raises regardless of performance.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Jails, prisons, probation, and parole all struggle to work effectively together.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The short-term history of corrections seems dominated by fads.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The philosophy of the U.S. corrections system has remained static over the years.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Corrections has a clear mission in the process of handling offenders and the overall goal of their individual agencies.
a. True
b. False
Q:
More African American men attend colleges and universities than are behind bars.
a. True
b. False
Q:
List and discuss the main arguments that both favor and do not favor the use of community justice strategies. How have these arguments impacted its implantation and usage in the United States? In your opinion, should be continue to invest in community justice programs? If so, which ones and why?
Q:
At the core of community justice is the idea that crime does not happen in a vacuum, but is created by a plethora of community issues. Based on this idea, how would you address or respond to the following crime problems in your community: vandalism, drunk driving, and domestic violence? What programs could you implement within your local community to have an effect on those who are consistently incarcerated within the correctional system?
Q:
What is community justice? Are there characteristics of a practice that must be present for a strategy to be deemed community justice? What are these qualities? How do you define community justice? How is community justice different from traditional criminal justice frameworks? Which approach would you prefer if you were: a victim of a criminal event, the perpetrator of a criminal event, living in a neighborhood with high crime rates, living in a neighborhood with low crime rates?
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Offenders must admit what they have done
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
Social Disorganization
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Offenders must admit what they have done
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
Criminal Justice
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Offenders must admit what they have done
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
Problem-solving approach
Q:
Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
a. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
b. Concentration of social problems
c. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
d. Gives back to the community through justice
e. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
f. Offenders must admit what they have done
g. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
h. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
i.Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
j.Improve and strengthen communities
Adversarial process