Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following best aligns to the 1970s "discovery" regarding chronic youthful offenders? a. A small number of youthful offenders commit a significant percentage of all serious crime b. A small number of youthful offenders commit a small percentage of all serious crime c. A large number of youthful offenders commit a significant percentage of all serious crime d. A large number of youthful offenders commit a small percentage of all serious crime

Q: Evidence-base practice: a. Is a list of empirically supported interventions that practitioners should employ regardless of their practice judgment. b. Is a process for making practice decisions based on integrating the best research evidence with practice expertise and knowledge of client attributes. c. Is a process for making practice decisions based solely on research evidence. d. Assures practice effectiveness.

Q: When searching for evidence, you should: a. Refrain from looking at web sites b. Use only one search term. c. Avoid systematic reviews. d. Examine the Cochrane and Campbell Collaboration resources.

Q: Which of the following statements is correct about evidence-based practice? a. It is mainly a cost cutting tool. b. It does not allow room for practitioner expertise to overrule the best evidence. c. It calls for practitioners to make practice decisions based on the integration of their practice expertise, their knowledge of client attributes, and the best research evidence. d. It has only two stages.

Q: Which of the following would not be considered an individual risk factor? a. Jack has ready access to weapons b. Jill's antisocial behavior began at an early age c. It was reported Jack has poor cognitive development d. Jill is considered to have low behavioral inhibition

Q: Which of the following statements is correct about evidence-based practice? a. It is a process. b. It is a list of interventions that will be effective with every client. c. It refers to decisions about intervention effectiveness, only. d. Idiosyncratic client attributes should be ignored when selecting the best intervention

Q: Your friend wants to examine the life cycle of crime and delinquency, as research in this area can have a major influence in decision making at a higher level. By examining this area, what does your friend hope to influence? a. Policy at the state level b. Theory regarding policy c. Both theory and policy d. Policy directed at juvenile ordinances

Q: You are interested in studying youth who began engaging in disruptive behaviors at 5 and 6 years of age and continued to exhibit problematic behaviors throughout adolescence and into adulthood. What, specifically, would you be investigating? a. Age of onset phenomenon b. Continuity of crime c. Hard-core adolescent behaviors d. Predictive analysis

Q: The report, written after another incident in school, stated that Jill had poor problem-solving and anger management skills, would not accept blame for her wrongdoings, and lacked impulse control. What recommendation was proposed for Jill? a. Jill be placed in preventive detention b. Jill be locked in a juvenile detention facility c. Jill should receive cognitive behavioral therapy d. No action be taken at this time

Q: EBP questions can ask: a. . What intervention has the most likelihood of success? b. What factors best predict desirable or undesirable outcomes? c. What type of assessment tool should be used? d. All of these.

Q: Whose research is most closely aligned to concept of the chronic career offender? a. The work of Sellin Thurston b. The work of Marvin Wolfgang c. The work of Mark Lipsey d. The work of Steven Levitt

Q: Critical thinkers will: a. Be willing to question and alter their own beliefs based on new experiences. b. Be willing to question what those in authority assert as fact. c. Question unstated assumptions underlying accepted practice wisdom. d. All of these.

Q: Which of the following represents areas of the United States where victimization by juveniles occurs more often than in other parts of the United States? a. Midwest and Northeast b. Eastern and Southern c. Southern and Western d. Midwest and Western

Q: Which of the following statements is/are true about evidence-based practice a. The studies at the top of the research hierarchy usually involve clients who are very much like those typically encountered in everyday social work practice. b. Its proponents agree with its critics that it denigrates professional expertise and ignores client values and preferences. c. Real-world obstacles often prevent implementing it thoroughly in everyday social work practice. d. All of these. e. None of these.

Q: An online search for evidence a. should be restricted to one search term. b. should be restricted to articles published in refereed journals, only. c. can, for feasibility reasons, be limited to looking for systematic reviews emanating from searches already completed by others. d. never be limited to looking for systematic reviews emanating from searches already completed by others.

Q: The Monitoring the Future survey (MTF) is considered one of the most important ongoing self-report studies. MTF surveys, with few exceptions, indicated self-reported teenage participation to be more stable than the trends reported in the UCR arrest data in what areas? a. Theft, violence, and damage-related crimes b. Violence, substance abuse, and damage-related crimes c. Theft, violence, and substance abuse d. Substance abuse, damage-related crimes, and violence

Q: If you wanted to examine the changes in the number of juveniles arrested each year, the best source of this data would be found in which of the following? a. Uniform Crime Report (UCR) b. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) c. Monitoring the Future survey (MTF) d. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

Q: An evidence-based practice question should a. incorporate client characteristics. b. always inquire about only one specific intervention. c. never be altered in light of the evidence emerging in one's literature search. d. always specify at least two alternative interventions in advance.

Q: It has been indicated that reporting practices in regard to self-report surveys may differ among racial, ethnic, and gender groups and that such differences can skew data, thereby providing misleading results. In one study, which of the following reported results would align to gender/cultural reporting differences? a. Boys were more willing to report drug use; Hispanic girls tended to underreport substance abuse b. Girls were more willing to report drug use; African American boys tended to underreport substance abuse c. Girls were more willing to report drug use; Hispanic girls tended to underreport substance abuse d. Boys were more willing to report drug use; White girls tended to underreport substance abuse

Q: The evidence-based practice model a. has historical precedents as old as social work. b. emerged as a popular practice model in the mid 20th century. c. reflects the long standing tendency of the vast majority of social work practitioners to use research studies to guide their practice. d. All of these.

Q: One area researchers have identified as correlated with delinquency is that of social problems; rates of delinquency increase as the level of social problems increases. Delinquency rates, according to researchers, have been correlated with which of the following? a. Unwed mothers b. Single fathers c. Unemployed mothers d. Parents who are divorcing

Q: The evidence-based practice process a. requires practitioners to employ interventions that have the best research support even if those interventions conflict with client values. b. can involve decisions about the selection of assessment tools. c. applies only to clinical decisions, NOT to practice decisions about communities or social policies. d. All of these.

Q: In the text, it is reported that the latest data available show an estimated 12.4 million arrests were made in 2011. Your assignment is to research trends in juvenile arrests and how juvenile arrests are reflected (i.e., higher, lower) in the overall crime rate.While increases and decreases in juvenile crime have been reported, you find that recent trends in juvenile crime a. Exceed the general crime rate b. Are lower than the general crime rate c. Reflect the general crime rate d. This information was not provided

Q: Evidence about practice effectiveness will a. always be conclusive. b. sometimes indicate what actions NOT to take. c. usually indicate what is effective with every client or situation. d. will point toward taking an action that the client is certain to want.

Q: Evidence-based practitioners will a. assume that evidence on practice effectiveness will find its way to them. b. assume that the published studies they find are scientifically valid. c. use research methods to evaluate whether the evidence-based actions they take are resulting in the outcomes they seek to achieve. d. All of these. e. None of these.

Q: In the text, it is reported that the latest data available show an estimated 12.4 million arrests were made in 2011. Your assignment is to research trends in juvenile arrests and how juvenile arrests are reflected (i.e., higher, lower) in the overall crime rate. Of the 12.4 million arrests made in 2011, what percentage of this total did you find to be juvenile arrests? a. 10% b. 11% c. 12% d. 13%

Q: Practitioners engaged in evidence-based practice will: a. be critical thinkers. b. track down evidence as an ongoing lifelong part of their practice. c. question things that are based on tradition or authority. d. think for themselves as to the logic and evidence supporting what others may convey as practice wisdom. e. All of these.

Q: While investigating Part I crimes you find that a little over 20% of all reported Part I crimes are cleared by one of the following methods. What is that method? a. Exceptional clearance b. Dropped charges c. Elimination of false reports d. Arrests

Q: In looking at the different sources of data, you find that one source indicates Part I offenses and Part II offenses. Which of the following releases their reports with these types of offenses? a. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) b. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) c. Monitoring the Future survey (MTF) d. Uniform Crime Report (UCR)

Q: When most well educated people agree that something makes common sense, we can safely assume that to be true without applying the scientific method.

Q: Tradition and authority can be useful sources of knowledge, but relying on them exclusively can be risky.

Q: Scholars in delinquency have identified a variety of factors that influence juvenile crime rates and trends; it was noted that a harbinger of future increases in the delinquency rate may be a sudden increase in which of the following areas? a. Drug use b. Curfew violations c. Online bullying d. School dropout rates

Q: The postmodern view of reality emphasizes multiple subjective realities and questions the existence of an objective external reality.

Q: The positivist paradigm rejects the pursuit of objectivity in our quest to observe and understand reality.

Q: Your friend wants to investigate the nature and extent of delinquency. Name the three best data sources for your friend to use in his or her investigation. a. Official records, victim surveys, self-report surveys b. Victim surveys, self-report surveys, official county records c. Official records, secondary data sources, victim surveys d. Official records, self-report surveys, state juvenile justice records

Q: Our ego involvement can influence us to disregard evidence that contradicts our beliefs.

Q: It was determined that any criminal activities perpetrated by the respondents would, for obvious reasons, not be included. It was also believed that forgetfulness, embarrassment, and/or fear might be problematic. What type of error would this constitute? a. Underreporting error b. Question formatting error c. Sampling error d. Overreporting error

Q: Which of the following would best describe an error where the respondents were not a nationally representative sample? a. Underreporting error b. Question formatting error c. Sampling error d. Overreporting error

Q: The task was to identify potential problems associated with a data source. One area of concern the group identified was the inclusion of misinterpreted eventsfor example, someone who lost his or her keys and reported the keys as stolen. What type of error would this be known as? a. Underreporting error b. Sampling error c. Overreporting error d. Inadequate response format error

Q: According to the scientific method, scientific evidence that has been strongly supported in numerous replications is not open to question.

Q: If the were task to locate a data source that included a nationally representative sample and respondents were to include individuals ages 12 through 18, which of the following would best meet this requirement? a. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) b. Uniform Crime Report (UCR) c. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) d. Monitoring the Future survey (MTF)

Q: A paradigm is a fundamental model or scheme that organizes our view of something.

Q: If the murder rate was 5 in 2011, this means that 4.7 people in how many were murdered during the calendar year 2011? a. 1,000 b. 10,000 c. 100,000 d. 1 million

Q: Legitimate ex post facto hypothesizing requires additional research.

Q: John's class was given the following equation: Number of Reported Crimes / Total U.S. Population x 100,000. What does this equation compute? a. Arson rate per 100,000 b. Juvenile crime rate per 100,000 c. Motor vehicle rate per 100,000 d. Crime rate per 100,000

Q: The social constructivism paradigm emphasizes the pursuit of objectivity.

Q: Refusing to examine research on the services we deliver has no bearing on how professionally ethical we are.

Q: When social work practitioners utilize research discriminatingly, they help uphold and advance the values and mission of their profession.

Q: You are interested in learning about substance abuse trends among American teens; what data source would best fit your interest? a. National Crime Victims Survey (NCVS) b. Uniform Crime Report (UCR) c. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) d. Monitoring the Future survey (MTF)

Q: An advertised position included the duty of compiling data received from local law enforcement agencies into the Uniform Crime Report. What agency posted the advertised position? a. Federal Bureau of Investigation b. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention c. Bureau of Justice Statistics d. White House Commission on Crime and Delinquency

Q: Science offers total protection against the errors that nonscientists commit in casual, day-to-day inquiry.

Q: To complete the presentation, Wally must find a data source that includes a brief account of each incident as well as victim and offender information. What report would be best for Wally to use? a. National Crime Victims Survey (NCVS) b. Uniform Crime Report (UCR) c. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) d. Monitoring the Future survey (MTF)

Q: If a research study gets published practitioners can be guided by just reading its conclusions; there is no need to read the technical aspects of the study's research methods.

Q: Almost all research studies on social work practice effectiveness have agreed that it is very effective.

Q: The age at which youths begin their delinquent careers is called the age of onset. a. True b. False

Q: A study that attempts to maximize precision and objectivity in testing whether an intervention reduces an undesirable behavior is being guided by what paradigm? a. postmodernism. b. positivism. c. interpretivism. d. critical social science.

Q: Of the crimes committed by delinquents, 71% of the homicides, 82% of the robberies, and 64% of the aggravated assaults are committed by the chronic 6%. a. True b. False

Q: Believing that there are only multiple subjective realities, and questioning the existence of an objective external reality, is associated with what view of reality? a. positivism. b. modernism. c. postmodernism. d. submodernism.

Q: While important, determining the true association between SES and delinquency is not necessarily critical to the study of delinquency. a. True b. False

Q: A frame of reference for interpreting the world is referred to as a a. paradigm. b. theory. c. hypothesis. d. law. e. concept.

Q: NCVS data indicate that the number of people who break the law is, indeed, greater than the number projected by official statistics. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following statements is (are) true about the scientific method? a. Some things are NOT open to question. b. Good studies need NOT be replicated. c. All knowledge is considered provisional. d. All of these. e. None of these.

Q: Reporting practices of local law enforcement agencies are not of concern when considering the validity of the UCR. a. True b. False

Q: What are some reasons offered in the text as to why the study of juvenile delinquency is important? What are your views? Explain why you believe these areas are important.

Q: Scientific evidence should be based on a. observations gathered in ways that seek to reduce the influence of researcher biases. b. systematic and comprehensive observations. c. a large and diverse sample of observations. d. All of these.

Q: According to the scientific method, all knowledge should be a. provisional. b. subject to refutation. c. based on evidence supported by objective observations. d. All of these

Q: Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding entering your first job as a professional social worker? a. You should disregard agency traditions. b. You should disregard advice based on authority, even if the authority figure has a high level of training, credentials and experience. c. You should keep in mind that knowledge based on tradition and authority could be wrong, and seek evidence that might support or challenge that knowledge. d. All of these. e. None of these.

Q: Summarize the system of chancery courts and the concept of parens patriae: their development, relationship, and connection to best interests of the child. Do you believe the concept of parens patriaeis viable today? Support your view.

Q: A social worker invents a new therapy that brings her fame, fortune, and a large following of professional disciples. Two studies evaluate her new therapy. One is scientifically weak in its design, and concludes that her therapy is extremely effective. The other is scientifically very strong in its design, but concludes that her therapy is not effective at all. She writes a letter to the journal publishing both studies. In her letter she severely criticizes the design of the strong study (and therefore also criticizes the credibility of its findings), and she praises the design and findings of the weak study. a. overgeneralization. b. ego-involvement in understanding. c. premature closure of inquiry. d. made-up information. e. mystification.

Q: Explain ego identity and role diffusion. Why would you consider these concepts important to understand? Do you believe these concepts to be related to delinquency and/or problems faced by youth today? Support your views.

Q: Discuss childhood in American colonies. How was childhood in the colonies similar to childhood in England? What reasons does the text offer to explain why there were so few cases of reported child abuse during this time? Would you consider any of the reasons that were offered similar to those offered today? Support your view.

Q: A family preservation program director helps design a study that evaluates the effectiveness of her program to keep children living with their abusive parents by providing the families with daily home visits by social workers. She expects the evaluation to show a dramatic reduction in reported child abuse incidents. Instead, the results show an increase in reported child abuse incidents. The director then concludes that the program was undoubtedly effective, reasoning that there really could not possibly have been an increase in actual abuse due to her program, just an increase in reportage of abuse due to closer monitoring in the daily home visits. The director is committing the error of a. illogical reasoning. b. ex post facto hypothesizing. c. premature closure of inquiry. d. selective observation. e. mystification.

Q: Safeguards against selective observation in science include a. use of a research design. b. colleagues. c. committing oneself ahead of time to make a specified number of observations. d. all of these. e. none of these.

Q: Our attempts to learn about the world we live in come from a. direct experience. b. tradition. c. direct, personal inquiry. d. authority. e. All of these.

Q: Summarize the four areas identified in the text as problems in cyberspace. What are these areas, how are they defined, and why are they problematic? What are your views on these areas? Should government enact more social controls, and if so, what types of controls, or do you consider these areas rights of passage? Support your position.

Q: Who were the child savers? What influence did they have on the creation of separate juvenile courts? Do you feel separate juvenile courts are viable today? Support your views.

Q: What is meant by the term status offense? Summarize the history of status offenses. What are your views on status offenses? Do you believe status offenses should be abolished or do you view these offenses as a gateway to delinquency? Support your position.

Q: Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding practice effectiveness? a. It is safe to assume that well-trained social workers will be effective regardless of which interventions they employ. b. Social work practice consists largely of interventions and procedures that have not yet received adequate testing. c. Knowledge of research methods and knowledge of practice are separate and unrelated. d. All of these. e. None of these.

Q: Which of the following statements is true about research utilization and social work practice: a. Whether or not social work practitioners bother to keep abreast of research findings on which interventions are the most effective for their clients has no bearing on how professionally ethical those social workers are. b. Whether or not social work practitioners bother to keep abreast of research findings on which interventions are the most effective for their clients has no bearing on how compassionate those social workers are. c. Whether or not social work practitioners bother to keep abreast of research findings on which interventions are the most effective for their clients has no bearing on social work values. d. All of these. e. None of these.

Q: Which of the following statements is/are true about the need to critique research quality? a. Practitioners can rely on researchers to produce good studies, and therefore only have to know the results of those studies. b. If a research study gets published practitioners can be assured that it is of high quality. c. Social work practitioners need to understand research methods so they can discriminate strong from weak studies. d. All of these.