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Q:
Name 4 countries that tend to be collectivistic.
Q:
Describe neutralization theory and the techniques of neutralization patterns (i.e., who developed the theory, basic premise of the theory, key terms associated with this theory). What is your view of this theory and the techniques associated with it? Explain your position.
Q:
In qualitative inquiry, purposive sampling can be used to select deviant cases as well as representative cases.
Q:
Quantitative studies and qualitative studies are equally likely to employ probability sampling procedures.
Q:
Name 4 countries that tend to be individualistic
Q:
Sampling error can be reduced through an increase in the sample size of probability samples.
Q:
Who developed "code of the streets"? Describe the two cultural forces addressed in this theory. It is stated that living in an impoverished, crime rich community places youth at risk for engaging in delinquent behavior; it is also stated that the two orientations socially organize the community. Do you agree or disagree with these statements? Provide a rationale for you view.
Q:
Identify and describe the four elements of socialization that have been linked to delinquency. If you were asked to rank order the importance of the elements, how would this look? Provide a rationale for your view.
Q:
Cultural competence in human services workers to improve cross-cultural communication is achieved by:
a. Being more adaptable to, and flexible in, choosing how to respond to situations
b. Focusing on serving one or two cultural groups in order to increase specialization
c. Increasing opportunities for persons from individualistic and collectivist cultures to interact
d. Attributing the client's negative behavior to the environment or his or her circumstances
Q:
Identify and describe Merton's five modes of social adaptation. Which mode is stated as being most closely associated with delinquency? Do you agree or disagree with this association? What is the rationale for your view?
Q:
Mental mechanisms that can block clear communication and create conflict include:
a. Persuasion, emotion and saving face
b. Ethnocentrism, prejudice and stereotypes
c. Psychological barriers and low self-disclosure
d. Time compartmentalization and focus on punctuality
Q:
The terms population and sampling frame are synonymous.
Q:
It is reported that because of differential opportunity, youth are likely to join one of three types of gangs. Identify and describe the three types of gangs. Do you agree or disagree with the premise that differential opportunity causes youth to join gangs? Explain your position.
Q:
A person from a collectivist culture would tend to:
a. Rely on low-context communication for comprehension of meaning
b. Communicate in a similar way to members of in-groups and out-groups
c. Communicate in a more ambiguous way to avoid hurting or imposing on others
d. Support unique individual beliefs
Q:
Selecting a sample that the researcher believes will yield the most comprehensive understanding of a subject based on an intuitive "feel" for the subject is employing quota sampling.
Q:
Cluster sampling is a useful sampling procedure for large populations that are geographically scattered.
Q:
Because of internalized verbal and nonverbal scripts within a culture that may be different from your own, you should:
a. Memorize the other culture's scripts to help the client adapt to his or her new environment
b. Check your perceptions with the person in a nonjudgmental way
c. Never confront the person about his or her behavior because that individual may take offence
d. Understand that some cultural perspectives are superior to others
Q:
Identify and describe the three variations of structural theory. Explain which of the three variations you believe best explains the poverty"delinquency relationship.
Q:
Identify and describe the three forms of collective efficacy; be sure to include examples for each. Which of the three forms do you believe to be the most influential? Provide a rationale for your view.
Q:
Snowball sampling is used when the members of a population are difficult to locate.
Q:
Seeking exceptions to cultural stereotypes helps us to:
a. Understand the individual's culture better
b. Better place the individual in the context of his or her culture
c. Reduce our own anxiety or uncertainty about the individual
d. Gain a more accurate understanding of the individuals we are serving
Q:
Identify and define the critical social factors believed to cause or affect delinquent behaviors. Of these, which do you find to be the most significant and the least significant? Provide a rationale for your view.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about availability sampling in quantitative studies?a. It is too risky to ever yield results that can be of value.b. It is very risky but can yield useful results in some instances.c. Its risks are minimal.d. None of these.
Q:
In our efforts to improve communication with someone who is different from us, we:
a. Habitually categorize them
b. Establish eye contact with them
c. Remove distractions from the environment
d. Attribute their positive behavior to the environment or the circumstances
Q:
When we project our own assumptions about persons from a different culture, we:
a. Are creating the opportunity for clearer communication with them
b. Improve our understanding of their culture
c. Are including them into our group
d. Are attempting to reduce our own anxiety or uncertainty about them
Q:
You want to draw a representative sample of social workers employed in domestic violence programs. You have a list of all such programs, but not of their staff members. Your survey will involve face-to-face interviews, and your travel budget is limited to visiting 10 cities. What kind of sampling design would you use?
a. simple random sampling.
b. quota sampling.
c. multistage cluster sampling.
d. stratified sampling.
e. available sampling.
Q:
What does recent research indicate may have been ignored by neutralization theory?
Q:
If a qualitative researcher wanted to learn a community organization's pattern of recruitment over time, the researcher might begin by interviewing a fairly recent recruit and asking who introduced that person to the organization. Then the researcher might interview the person named and ask who introduced that person to the community organization. This would be an example of
a. snowball sampling.
b. systematic sampling.
c. deviant cases sampling.
d. accidental sampling.
e. quota sampling.
Q:
Strangers are:
a. Whomever the minority culture defines as different
b. People whose ways of acting are different and who are not members of our in-group
c. People whose behavior is inferior to ours
d. Persons whom human services workers should avoid serving
Q:
Cultures, subcultures, race and ethnic groups are examples of:
a. Reasons not to serve certain clients
b. Prejudice
c. Sociological divisions among people
d. Political divisions among people
Q:
What, according to Hirschi, are youths who reject social relationships more likely to lack?
Q:
Which of the following statements is/are true about qualitative sampling methods?
a. They are less complicated than quantitative sampling methods.
b. They always rely on available subjects.
c. They might involve purposively selecting deviant cases.
d. All of these.
Q:
It is the ethical responsibility of human services workers to become familiar with the culture of the client so that:
a. Cultural differences do not become obstacles to good communication
b. Every possible culture that a client represents is part of the human services worker's cultural repertoire
c. The client will feel more affinity toward human services workers
d. The human services worker's own ethnic group does not color the client's opinion
Q:
Name the three independent yet overlapping theories that reside within the social structure perspective.
Q:
What psychological reaction occurs when a person does or says something that is the opposite of what he or she really wants to or what is socially expected and appropriate.
Q:
You want to examine the relationship between family size and family cohesion. You use as your sample all the students in this research methods class. What kind of sampling design are you using?
a. simple random sampling.
b. quota sampling.
c. cluster sampling.
d. stratified sampling.
e. available sampling.
Q:
Every kth element in a list is chosen for inclusion in the sample in
a. simple random sampling.
b. systematic sampling.
c. disproportionate sampling.
d. cluster sampling.
e. stratified sampling.
Q:
Briefly describe, that while case managers work with individuals, why macro level intervention is an important aspect to assisting clients.
Q:
Why would a client seek help during a period of transition?
Q:
You are doing research on hospital personnelorderlies, technicians, nurses, and doctors. You want to be sure you draw a sample that has cases in each of the personnel categories. You want to use probability sampling. An appropriate strategy would be
a. simple random sampling.
b. quota sampling.
c. cluster sampling.
d. stratified sampling.
e. accidental sampling.
Q:
According to strain theory, how is the ability to achieve personal goals such as owning a nice home and car or wearing stylish clothes stratified?
Q:
To obtain samples of the same size from strata of varying sizes, it would be necessary to use
a. simple random sampling.
b. systematic sampling.
c. proportionate stratified sampling.
d. disproportionate stratified sampling.
e. quota sampling.
Q:
According to Shaw and McKay, what does a healthy, organized community have the ability to do to achieve common goals?
Q:
What is said to exert pressure toward delinquency by encouraging an anomic cultural environment, one in which people are encouraged to adopt an "anything goes" mentality in the pursuit of personal goals?
Q:
Briefly describe the why context is important.
Q:
Give an example of an intervention that strengthens the individual?
Q:
Probability samples are advantageous to the researcher because
a. the method by which they are selected limits conscious and unconscious sampling bias, and the accuracy or representativeness of the sample can be estimated.
b. there is no sampling error whatsoever.
c. they always are perfectly and precisely representative of the population from which they are drawn.
d. all of these.
Q:
What are morally tinged influences that have become entrenched in the culture but are publicly condemned?
Q:
What 3 life transitions that may effect a client?
Q:
A sampling interval of 5 was used to select a sample from a population of 1,000. How many elements are to be in the sample?
a. 5.
b. 50.
c. 100.
d. 200.
e. 1,000.
Q:
The unit about which information is collected and which provides the basis of analysis is called the
a. universe.
b. sampling unit.
c. unit of analysis.
d. sampling frame.
e. element.
Q:
What do community-level institutions provide that has been ascertained as a key determinate of neighborhood delinquency rates?
Q:
Unlike others who are involved in similar criminal activities, gangs openly engage in the sale of drugs as well as other types of criminal activities. What does this promote?
Q:
Name 4 elements of context in which the client operates.
Q:
What refers to the process by which an established culture teaches an individual its norms and values, thus enabling the individual to become an accepted member of society?
Q:
Name 4 characteristics a person brings to their situation.
Q:
Drawing a purposive judgmental sample
a. allows researchers to use their prior knowledge about the topic.
b. enlists the aid of uninformed respondents.
c. results in a sample that has no researcher bias.
d. ensures a representative sample.
Q:
The online survey website tool should enable respondents to take a break and then reenter the survey if they need to.
Q:
What are the 3 levels of the Ecological Model?
Q:
Who applied Durkheim's ideas to the onset of crime and delinquency in contemporary society?
Q:
According to Cohen, what are the standards by which teachers evaluate students' behavior?
Q:
Approaching the school superintendent together with the social service professionals in the children's case management unit to advocate for an improvement in the school's academic supports offered would be referred to as a(n) ______ intervention.
a. Two-pronged
b. Macro-level
c. Transition
d. Meso-level
Q:
The best time to send an e-mail message inviting people to respond to an online survey is late at night.
Q:
For any survey to have any value, the response rate must be at least 50 percent.
Q:
The case manager's ability to address issues on the three context levels is referred to as:
a. The generalist approach
b. The ecological model
c. The individual environmental approach
d. The macro level
Q:
Survey research methods and qualitative research methods are incompatible and should never be combined.
Q:
According to GST, child abuse and neglect, school failure, family and/or peer conflicts, racism, and discrimination are experiences associated with what source of strain?
Q:
What, according to Reckless, insulates a youth from criminogenic influences in the environment?
Q:
The service plan the human services worker designs for the client should be two-pronged and should include___________ interventions.
a. Life transitions and cognition
b. Substance abuse and job training
c. Workplace and community
d. Personal and environmental
Q:
Some people have difficulty coping with the changes brought on by developmental transitions in life. These life stages may include:
a. Early shaping experiences
b. Prejudice and discrimination
c. Going to high school
d. Role status, conflict and strain
Q:
Although online surveys can obtain large samples inexpensively, the respondents may NOT be representative of the rest of the population.
Q:
Because the rates under treatment approach to needs assessment looks only at those currently utilizing services, it is vulnerable to underestimating the true extent of need.
Q:
What theory promotes the thought that learning occurs within intimate personal groups?
Q:
A major advantage of the key informants and community forum approaches to needs assessment is the representativeness of the opinions expressed.
Q:
Aspects of the social context that a person grew up in and is now functioning in (macro level context) include:
a. Religious group
b. Social class
c. Prejudice and discrimination
d. Family values
Q:
According to Walter Miller, clinging to what promotes illegal or violent behavior?
Q:
Many of the buildings are boarded up and left to decay, the majority of the residences in the area are apartment buildings with a transient population, no one seems to care about their neighborhood, and according to statistics, the area is densely populated. What zone does this describe?
Q:
Focusing on conditions within the urban environment that affect delinquency rates is known as what theory?
Q:
Aspects of the personal context that a person grew up in and is now functioning in (meso level context) include:
a. Social class
b. Motivation
c. Personality
d. Life transitions
Q:
The spread of telephone answering machines has improved the quality of data collected by telephone surveys.