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Q:
What important principle of social reaction theory states that those with economic and social power benefit while those who are powerless are penalized?
Q:
The strategy behind determining the level of intervention we provide to the client is based on:
a. Consultation with the client's family and close associates
b. Knowing your own level of professional training
c. The need to solve the client's problem
d. Knowing the client's strengths and limitations
Q:
The effectiveness of randomization in experimentation is affected by the number of participants involved.
Q:
What process occurs when offenders begin to understand and recognize their wrongdoing?
Q:
When the client owns the problem, ______.
a. The human services worker must take the reins in solving the problem
b. The human services worker must decide how much help to give
c. The client must take the reins in solving the problem
d. The client must demonstrate self-reliance in achieving the goal
Q:
When a client comes to you with a problem, ______.
a. You must solve it for them
b. Listen, and then advise the best solutions for the client
c. Listen, provide resources and help the client arrive at a solution
d. The client must demonstrate that he or she can solve it
Q:
The person who owns the problem is:
a. The client
b. The case manager
c. The person whose needs are not being met
d. Meddling and pushy
Q:
Attrition effects are automatically controlled when participants are assigned randomly to experimental and control groups.
Q:
What refers to the reassessment of a person's past to fit a current generalized label?
Q:
The problem of external validity refers to the generalizability of results.
Q:
According to social conflict theory, what happens to society as different groups strive to impose their will on others?
Q:
Knowing who owns the problem is important because:
a. It allows us to understand who is ultimately responsible for resolving the problem
b. It makes us seem uncaring
c. It abandons the client with the problem
d. It allows us to take charge of the client's care
Q:
Briefly define countertransference.
Q:
Whenever two variables are correlated, we may assume that one is the cause of the other.
Q:
What occurs when a deviant event comes to the attention of significant others or social control agents who apply a negative label?
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about case-control designs?
a. They rarely are feasible.
b. Data must be collected at multiple points in time.
c. Retrospective data are collected about past differences that might explain differences in outcome.
d. We usually can be highly confident about their internal and external validity.
e. We usually can be highly confident about the direction of causal influence.
Q:
Name the four possible outcomes developed by Becker in the relationship between labeling and delinquent or other deviant behavior.
Q:
Briefly define transference.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a cross-sectional study?
a. It is conducted at only one point in time.
b. It can be exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory.
c. It concentrates on the changes that take place within a specific sample over a period of time.
d. It provides a means for studying a large variation in the population at the same point in time.
Q:
What often involves conforming to group norms that conflict with those of conventional society?
Q:
When selecting a comparison group in a quasi-experimental design, one should
a. select a group unlike the experimental group.
b. select a group as similar as possible to the experimental group.
c. use random assignment.
d. none of these
Q:
What are significant predictors of serious delinquent behaviors?
Q:
Name 2 false attributes.
Q:
What is seen as a set of principles, a philosophy, an alternate set of guiding questions, and questions that provide an alternative framework for thinking about wrongdoing?
a. Symbolic interaction
b. Intermediate sanctions
c. Community restoration
d. Restorative justice
Q:
Name 2 ways in which case managers discourage clients.
Q:
The classic experiment with random assignment of participants controls for:
a. research reactivity
b. measurement bias
c. diffusion or imitation of treatments
d. compensatory equalization and rivalry
e. resentful demoralization
f. all of these
g. none of these
Q:
A school social worker administered a self-esteem test to a group of 9th graders in September. During the school year the students received intensive social work intervention designed to improve their self-esteem. In May the self-esteem test was given again and the self-esteem scores improved. A major problem in this research is that the researcher failed to control for
a. history.
b. maturation.
c. testing.
d. selection biases.
e. all of these.
Q:
Jack lives with both biological parents in a middle-class neighborhood. Jack was caught with alcohol in his locker at school and ended up in juvenile court. What theory acknowledges middle-class delinquency?
a. Social conflict
b. Restorative justice
c. Social control
d. Social reaction
Q:
What are the 3 basic helping attitudes?
Q:
What is the peacemaking technique in which offenders, victims, and other community members are brought together in an effort to formulate a sanction that addresses the needs of all concerned parties?
a. Community restitution
b. Reintegrative shaming
c. Sentencing circles
d. Intermediate sanctions
Q:
______ can be a good warning signal that the case manager has old issues that need to be resolved in order that they not interfere with service.
a. False attributions
b. Positive transference
c. Negative transference
d. Countertransference
Q:
Suppose a case management program is established to reduce rehospitalization rates in a hospital and that those rates drop dramatically once the new program is established. We can conclude that
a. research has demonstrated an effective approach to practice.
b. causality cannot be inferred because time order was not established.
c. another event occurring during the time of the study might explain away the change.
d. the absence of covariation threatens the internal validity of any causal inferences.
Q:
The client may remind the case manager of someone from the past that causes the case manager to identify with the client. This is an example of:
a. False attributions
b. Positive transference
c. Negative transference
d. Countertransference
Q:
The case manager may remind the client of someone from the past whom he or she likes. This is an example of:
a. False attributions
b. Positive transference
c. Negative transference
d. Countertransference
Q:
Suppose a new social casework program is offered to students with high levels of truancy. If those students placed in the program by their families have significantly less truancy after participating than the students who did not participate in the program, then we can conclude that
a. the program effectively reduces truancy.
b. a selection bias might explain away the difference.
c. causality cannot be inferred because of the lack of covariation.
d. some clients benefited, so the program has value.
Q:
Techniques used to allow offenders to understand and recognize their wrongdoing and to shame themselves refers to what process?
a. Degradation ceremonies
b. Retrospective reinterpretation
c. Reintegrative shaming
d. Deinstitutionalization
Q:
Pre-experimental designs
a. are the weakest experimental designs.
b. control for most sources of internal invalidity.
c. control for most sources of external invalidity.
d. are excellent for drawing causal inferences.
Q:
Which of the following theories supports the use of Family Group Conferencing in deciding the resolution of the delinquent/criminal act?
a. Social control
b. Social reaction
c. Reintegrative shaming
d. Restorative justice
Q:
In what country does criminal prosecution proceed only when the normal process of public apology, compensation, and the victim's forgiveness breaks down?
a. Germany
b. Sweden
c. England
d. Japan
Q:
The case manager may remind the client of someone from the past whom he or she dislikes. This is an example of:
a. False attributions
b. Positive transference
c. Negative transference
d. Countertransference
Q:
The Solomon four-group design
a. combines the classical experimental design with the posttest-only control group design.
b. combines the classical experimental design with the pretest-only control group design.
c. combines the classical experimental design with the static-group comparison design.
d. combines the static-group comparison design with the one-group pretest-posttest design.
Q:
As case managers, we need to refrain from erecting boundaries that are not useful between ourselves and the client. This means:
a. Understanding that good service means first to protect yourself
b. Understanding the similarities in thought and behavior that you have with your client based on cultural similarities
c. Understanding the client's cultural characteristics if different from your own
d. Collaborating with the client rather than taking control of that person's care
Q:
Stigmatized as troublemakers, youth may begin to incorporate the label into their own self-image. What is the consequence of labeling called?
a. Self-rejecting attitude
b. Personal reassessment
c. Degradation ceremony
d. Self-fulfilling prophecy
Q:
An instrumentation effect occurs when
a. the instrument employed for the pretest has an effect that shows up on the posttest.
b. the measurement instrument is changed from the pretest to the posttest.
c. there is a change on the dependent variable from the pretest score to the posttest score.
d. all of these.
Q:
As case managers, we need to erect useful boundaries between ourselves and the client. This means:
a. Understanding the differences between our situation and the client's situation despite possible similarities
b. Letting the client know that he or she can benefit from our similar experiences
c. Ensuring the client makes continued progress toward goals by stepping up our level of involvement in the case
d. Seeking employment in an agency that deals with issues similar to those in our own life
Q:
What is the policy that substitutes alternative, community-based sanctions for state training schools?
a. Deinstitutionalization
b. Treatment
c. Reintegration
d. Diversion
Q:
The design diagrammed in question 8
a. treats 0 as the new teaching technique.
b. treats 0 as the old teaching technique.
c. treats X as the scores on the research methods exam.
d. none of these.
Q:
It is the role of the human services worker to support patients' efforts to take charge of their lives and make decisions. This support can take the form of:
a. Giving honest criticism when the client makes a mistake
b. Assuming control of the client's daily activities to ensure that goals are accomplished
c. Having realistic goals for the client and encouraging progress toward the goals
d. Insisting that the client take the necessary steps toward the goal when that person appears to be malingering
Q:
In order to develop our sense of empathy, we need to:
a. Learn to listen with the third ear
b. Learn to sympathize with the client
c. Learn to use the phrases and speech patterns of the client's culture or subculture
d. Realize that the client does not need to be talked down to, that he or she can understand the advicewe give
Q:
By focusing attention on the social interactions and reactions that shape individual behavior, what does labeling theory recognize about delinquency?
a. Labeling a youth as delinquent does not matter
b. Delinquency is not a disease or pathological behavior
c. Understanding agencies or individuals charged with control over delinquents is not necessary
d. There is no distinction between delinquent acts
Q:
Assume that you have developed a study technique that you believe will result in students scoring higher on research methods exams. You test your study technique with the design diagrammed below.R = random assignment0 = observationX = stimulusR1X2R34Using the diagrammed design, what predictions will you make?a. 02 should be greater than 01.b. 02 should be greater than 04.c. 04 should be greater than 03.d. 02 should be greater than 01 and 04
Q:
A friend of yours, a senior, took the Graduate Record Exam in September and scored in the 99th percentile. In February your friend took the same exam over again. This time your friend scored in the 84th percentile. As a research methodology student, you told your friend that his/her lowered score was probably due to
a. testing.
b. history.
c. statistical regression.
d. demoralization.
e. compensation rivalry.
Q:
What term refers to the use of humanistic, nonpunitive strategies to right wrongs and restore social harmony?
a. Neutralization
b. Restorative justice
c. Balanced justice
d. Deinstitutionalization
Q:
Which of the following is LEAST suited to providing clear evidence about a causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables?
a. classical experimental design.
b. Solomon four-group design.
c. posttest-only control group design.
d. one-shot case study.
Q:
Jack is captain of the football team, the criminal justice student association president, and has an outstanding GPA. He was just notified that he had received a full-ride scholarship to an Ivy League university. The week before the big playoff game, it was discovered that Jack had cheated on his history exam. Upon review of several of his essays, it was also discovered that he had plagiarized a lot of the material included in the papers. Everyone was shocked when Jack's academic dishonesty became known throughout the school. Jack was removed as president of the student organization as well as captain of the football team, he could not participate in the playoff game, and worst of all, he was stripped of the scholarship. Jack dropped out of high school rather than return and face everyone; he eventually wound up a petty thief who was in and out of prison.Jack's academic dishonesty essentially created a new identity for Jack; this is what type of labeling?
a. Primary deviance
b. Labeling
c. Secondary deviance
d. Shaming
Q:
A worker establishes a warm atmosphere by:
a. Directing the client to better decisions than the client would have made on his or her own
b. Expressing honest disapproval when the client's decision is likely to lead to further trouble
c. Refraining from suggesting change in order to avoid confrontation with the client
d. Being friendly, nonjudgmental and receptive
Q:
The attitudes of good human services workers influence their interactions with their clients in that:
a. When a worker judges his or her own mistakes critically, that worker can then understand those of clients more accurately
b. A correspondence exists between positive and supportive attitudes toward a client and the establishment of rapport with that person
c. Errors in judgment are stumbling blocks to personal growth
d. The personal struggles of the worker are different from those of the client
Q:
What two concepts do social reaction theorists indicate apply to labeling?
a. Interaction, stigmatizing
b. Interpretation, symbolic interaction
c. Stigmatizing, interpretation
d. Interaction, interpretation
Q:
The problem of an interaction between the testing and the experimental stimulus is handled by
a. the Solomon four-group design.
b. quasi-experimental designs.
c. the classical experimental design
d. all of these.
Q:
Jack is researching delinquency and capitalism; specifically, that delinquency is a normal response to the conditions created by capitalism. What theory should Jack be researching?
a. Social control
b. Social reaction
c. Social conflict
d. Law and justice
Q:
Quasi-experimental designs are often used instead of experimental designs because
a. agency constraints often make experiments infeasible.
b. they have more internal validity than experiments
c. quasi-experiments randomly assign participants to groups.
d. all of these.
Q:
Briefly define race.
Q:
Briefly define ethnocentrism.
Q:
What theorists view the law and justice system as vehicles for controlling the have-not members of society?
a. Symbolic interaction
b. Social control
c. Social conflict
d. Labeling
Q:
If we can establish that variable X comes before variable Q in time, then we can say
a. variable X is a cause of variable Q.
b. variable X is not a cause of variable Q.
c. variable Q is a cause of variable X.
d. variable Q is not a cause of variable X.
Q:
Briefly define prejudice.
Q:
The 55-mph speed limit was introduced in the U.S. in 1973. Shortly thereafter the number of auto accidents declined. We can conclude that
a. the reduced speed limit caused the decline in auto accidents.
b. the reduced speed limit may have caused the decline in the number of auto accidents.
c. the reduced speed limit and the number of auto accidents are causally related.
d. the reduced speed limit had nothing to do with the decline in auto accidents.
Q:
King has been in and out of the juvenile court for a variety of minor offenses. Some within the court refer to the court as King's revolving door as adjudication does not appear to inhibit his delinquent behaviors. His court-appointed counselor has suggested that the justice system may actually be sustaining rather than inhibiting King's behavior. What theory aligns with the court counselor's view?
a. Symbolic interaction
b. Social control
c. Labeling
d. Social conflict
Q:
Alicia shoplifted in a boutique known for its trendy clothes. Alicia is caught with a $200.00 purse and a $75.00 tank top. After the charges are read aloud in court, Alicia is severely scolded by the judge who states that Alicia's actions were greedy and tells Alicia it is obvious that she is self-absorbed. Alicia is adjudicated delinquent. What process is exemplified by Alicia's encounter with the juvenile justice system?
a. Dramatization of evil
b. Strategic labeling
c. Degradation ceremony
d. Reintegrative shaming
Q:
Briefly define culture.
Q:
For a causal relationship to exist there must be evidence
a. of a relationship between variables.
b. that one variable precedes the other in time.
c. that a third variable did not cause the changes observed in the first two variables.
d. all of these.
Q:
If someone were interested in researching the theory that holds the view that society is in a constant state of internal conflict as different groups strive to impose their will on others, what theory would best fit their research interest?
a. Social control
b. Social conflict
c. Labeling
d. Symbolic interaction
Q:
Describe what the author defines as a stranger?
Q:
What are 3 ways individualistic cultures view time?
Q:
Probability sampling ensures that there will be no sampling error whatsoever.
Q:
Quantitative studies should never use availability sampling because it is too risky to ever yield useful results.
Q:
Using probability sampling, each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
Q:
Name 3 ways that people in collectivistic cultures handle conflict.
Q:
Describe each of the four elements of Hirschi's social bond theory. What does Hirschi suggest about the interrelationship of the social bond elements? Explain why you agree or disagree with the premise of this interrelationship. Critique the theory, assessing its strengths and weaknesses.
Q:
Name 4 countries that tend to be collectivistic.