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Q:
Correct the following statement to reflect the steps outlined in Ch 10: "You really should think about what you are about to do. It might be dangerous."
Q:
Roscoe is interested in learning more about a theory holding the view that delinquency is a process influenced by social experiences as well as individual characteristics. Which of the following theories should Roscoe research?
a. Differential association
b. Labeling
c. Developmental
d. Latent trait
Q:
Due to their similarity, it is relatively easy, and not paradoxical, to blend the emic and etic perspectives in qualitative observation.
Q:
Trajectory theory is a developmental approach that combines elements of propensity and general theory of crime.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Feminist studies aim to generate findings that can be used to improve the well being of women in an historically male dominated society.
Q:
A case manager should focus on tangible behavior. What does tangible mean?
Q:
When should a case manager introduce difficult issues: early in the relationship with a client or later?
Q:
Ethnography focuses on providing detailed, accurate descriptions of the way people in a particular culture live and the way they interpret the meanings of things.
Q:
According to the text, Zimmerman found that in high-crime neighborhoods, impulsive youth were no more delinquent than their nonimpulsive peers.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Opportunity can be used to explain ecological variation in the delinquency rate.
a. True
b. False
Q:
What is one of the 4 parts in constructing an "I" messages when addressing difficult issues with a client?
Q:
Using the life-history method, researchers ask open-ended questions to discover how participants in a study understand the significant events and meanings in their own lives.
Q:
Name one of the 5 reasons outlined in the book for addressing discrepancies with a client.
Q:
Grounded theory emphasizes inductive processes, but can incorporate deductive processes.
Q:
Teens with high IQs and low IQs will commit equal amounts of delinquency.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Instead of accumulating social capital, some youth experience social problems that weigh down their life chances. These are referred to as turning points.
a. True
b. False
Q:
"I feel that talking about your husband's sudden death with your relatives will be very helpful" is an example of:
a. The clinician offering useful advice
b. The clinician being overbearing
c. A collaborative response
d. A reflective response
Q:
Qualitative researchers should wait to record observations until enough time has passed to put the events in a proper perspective.
Q:
In order to make an I-message effective, the clinician should:
a. Suggest a solution while also asking the client for a solution
b. Avoid asking the client how he or she sees the situation
c. Be confident that he or she is privy to all the information and avoid searching for extenuating circumstances
d. Follow an observation that supports the client's point of view with "but" or "however" in order to add an opposing opinion
Q:
An informant is one of your colleagues who attempts to gain
membership into thegroup being studied.
Q:
Prolonged engagement is used to reduce the impact of reactivity and respondent bias.
Q:
Individual traits and childhood experiences are important in understanding the continuity of crime into adulthood.
a. True
b. False
Q:
At times, the clinician must advocate for the client by confronting others who may be interfering with the clinician's ability to interact effectively with the client. The clinician's message in this case must be:
a. A request for advice or suggestion
b. Tentative
c. One in which a display of anger is justified
d. Pleasant, but firm
Q:
Asking the client permission to share your ideas with him or her allows the clinician to:
a. Make sure the client takes responsibility for actions
b. Offer advice while still remaining in charge of the client's situation
c. Offer advice while still leaving the client in charge of his situation
d. Set an example of courtesy for the client
Q:
The major premise of interactional theory is that community-level risk factors make some people susceptible to antisocial behavior.
a. True
b. False
Q:
"The way it appears, housing certainly isn"t a high priority for you! You never follow through" is an example of a(n):
a. I-message
b. Prying question
c. Inappropriate confrontation
d. Appropriate confrontation
Q:
Life-course theorists are particularly interested in understanding why one youth persists in crime while another youth is able to desist.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The qualitative researcher in the role of participant-as-observer participates fully with the group under study but does not disclose his or her role as researcher.
Q:
Field notes should record what you "know happened," NOT what you "think" has happened.
Q:
The complete participant role prevents researchers from having an effect on what they are observing.
Q:
The clinician uses confrontation because:
a. The clinician owns the problem
b. The client owns the problem
c. Both the clinician and the client own the problem
d. It is up to the client to find a solution
Q:
The clinician would like to make the I-message less threatening to the client and accomplishes this by:
a. Judging the client's motives
b. Appeasing the client
c. Collaborating with the client
d. Providing the client with a solution
Q:
Qualitative researchers should NEVER participate as an actor in the events under study.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about the emic and etic perspectives in qualitative research?
a. Although the two perspectives seem contradictory, the participant observer should try to blend them.
b. They both pertain primarily to ethics.
c. They are more relevant to the complete observer than to the participant-as-observer.
d. Neither allows researchers to question the views of the people being observed.
Q:
A confrontation usually takes the form of a(n):
a. Accusation
b. I-message
c. You-message
d. Advice
Q:
A limited number of delinquency theories portray antisocial behavior as the outcome of social problems.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is a social constructivist standard for appraising the trustworthiness of qualitative research?
a. Member checking
b. Evoke action for the distribution of power
c. Prolonged engagement
d. Negative case analysis
Q:
Confrontation is sometimes necessary when:
a. The client asks for assistance, but the clinician has made no headway in finding a solution
b. There is a discrepancy between what the client is saying and his or her body language
c. The client continues drinking while in therapy
d. The client experiences schizophrenic symptoms
Q:
In the social services, confrontation is used:
a. By the client to bring concerns out into the open when he or she is upset
b. To make sure the client takes responsibility for his or her actions
c. As a means for the clinician to express anger with the client
d. By the clinician to bring concerns out in the open to gain better understanding
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about participatory action research?
a. It is distinguished by its social action aims.
b. The researcher serves as a resource to those being studied.
c. It often involves poor people.
d. All of these.
Q:
A small group of chronic offenders engage in frequent and repeated delinquent acts, but desist as they enter their twenties.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Wolfgang found that many offenders engage in frequent and repeated offending across their life span.
a. True
b. False
Q:
When asking a client multiple questions, what might the client begin to feel?
Q:
Which of the following statements is true about focus groups?
a. The larger the number of participants, the better.
b. The group dynamics may bring out information that may not have emerged in individual interviews..
c. Representativeness is a common strength of this method.
d. The data that emerge are likely to be less voluminous and more systematic than structured survey data.
Q:
What is the trouble with starting a question with "Why?"
Q:
A study that begins with observations and then looks for patterns, themes, or common categories is using what method?
a. being a complete participant
b. participatory action research.
c. grounded theory.
d. client logs.
Q:
Integrated theories focus on the relatively simple question: "Why do people commit crime?"
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following contemporary positivist strategies is recommended for enhancing the rigor of qualitative studies?
a. Prolonged engagement
b. Triangulation.
c. Negative case analysis.
d. Leaving a paper trail for auditing.
e. All of these.
Q:
Describe and give 2 examples of open questions a case manager might asked a client.
Q:
What are the 3 instances when it is necessary to ask questions?.
Q:
Which of the following is POOR advice about recording observations in the field?
a. Don't trust your memory any more than you have to.
b. Always constantly take notes while you are observing.
c. Make at least two copies of your notes.
d. Advance preparation on recording anticipated observations better enables you to record unanticipated observations.
Q:
A vital feature that helps people desist from delinquency is "human agency."
a. True
b. False
Q:
Interactional theory postulates that the onset of delinquent behavior can be traced to a deterioration of the social bond during adolescence.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Some offenders may begin their careers early in life, whereas others are late bloomers who begin committing delinquency when most people desist.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Professor Smith was interested in reporting the reality of the experiences of teenage runaways living on the streets in their own terms. Smith is probably most interested in:
a. being a complete participant
b. quantitative research.
c. ethnography.
d. hermeneutics.
e. none of the above.
Q:
A main goal of the clinician's questions during the interview is to:
a. Arrive at a solution in the most efficient way
b. Direct the client toward your predetermined solution
c. Listen to the client's concerns and sort out the best way to approach a solution
d. Compile information for assessment and referral purposes
Q:
Among the advantages of qualitative research is that it
a. yields precise descriptive statements about a large population.
b. involves the uniform application of precise operational definitions.
c. allows for the modification of research design,
d. produces definitive conclusions.
e. is an extremely reliable technique.
Q:
In formulating an open-ended question, it helps to:
a. Include an expression such as ""¦a little bit more about"¦" or ""¦the larger picture"¦" to soften the question
b. Avoid beginning the sentence with an expression such as "Can you"¦?" or "Could you"¦?"
c. Include one of the words "how," "why," "what," "when" and "where"
d. Avoid directives such as "summarize"¦" or "describe"¦."
Q:
Open-ended questions are:
a. Never formulaic
b. Constructed in a way to encourage the client to provide identifying information
c. Constructed in a way to encourage the client to express feelings and opinions
d. Enhanced by using the words "how," "why," "what," "when" and "where"
Q:
The low self-control children model may be intergenerational.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Laub and Sampson found that adolescents who were adjudicated delinquent at an early age were no more likely to develop antisocial attitudes as adults than were adolescents who were never adjudicated delinquent.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Qualitative research is especially effective for
a. descriptive research.
b. providing a comprehensive perspective to the researcher.
c. meeting the scientific norm of generalizability.
d. meeting the scientific norm of precision.
Q:
Trajectory theorists recognize that career delinquents may travel multiple roads.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In comparison to surveys, qualitative research is
a. more subjective and more generalizable.
b. less subjective and more generalizable.
c. more subjective and less generalizable.
d. less subjective and less generalizable.
Q:
An example of the participant-as-observer includes
a. joining a sorority or fraternity to study initiation rituals without revealing your identity as a researcher.
b. telling people you're a spy to find out how they react.
c. telling a motorcycle gang that you are a researcher and would like to ride with them for a year to understand their interaction patterns.
d. being a newspaper reporter who interviews union workers to learn about recent strike efforts.
Q:
Appropriate questions to ask during the interview include:
a. Those that explore tangential topics in order to satisfy your curiosity
b. Those that are value neutral
c. Those to which there is clearly one correct answer
d. Those to which the client is aware that you already know the answer
Q:
The qualitative researcher
a. seldom approaches the task with precisely defined hypotheses to be tested.
b. attempts to make sense out of an ongoing process that cannot always be predicted in advance.
c. alternates between induction and deduction.
d. makes initial observations, develops tentative conclusions that suggest further observation, and revises the conclusions.
e. all of these.
Q:
The effect of asking the client multiple questions during the interview can be:
a. That the client feels interrogated
b. That the worker gains much valuable information
c. Similar to asking open questions
d. That the worker progresses quickly toward finding a solution
Q:
Some individuals are incapable of maturing in a reasonable and timely fashion because of family, environmental, or personal problems.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Questions that make the client feel uncomfortable include:
a. I-messages
b. Open questions
c. Why questions
d. Questions in which the client is asked about his feelings
Q:
According to the General Theory of Crime (GTC), the propensity to commit antisocial acts is indirectly tied to a person's level of self-control.
a. True
b. False
Q:
"Can you tell me about the night your father left?" is an example of:
a. A question that directs the clinician toward a solution
b. A closed question
c. A prying question
d. An open question
Q:
Lizzy is 16 years old; she was recently waived to adult court, charged with stabbing her father 60 times and her mother 61 times. Friends and neighbors said they always knew something "wasn't right with that girl." NCC ran a week's worth of debates on their various discussion formats dissecting Lizzy's past behaviors and current situation with their legal analysts. What is this discussion concerning the link between Lizzy's past and present behaviors called?
a. Self-fulfilling prophecy
b. Retrospective reading
c. Reintegrative shaming
d. Degradation ceremony
Q:
An advantage of qualitative research is that
a. it enables the researcher to draw conclusions about the population.
b. the researcher can control the variables under study.
c. phenomena can be studied in a natural setting.
d. hypotheses can be rigorously tested.
Q:
Quantitative and qualitative methods can be combined in program evaluations.
Q:
Labeling alienates parents from their children and negative labels reduce children's self-image and increase delinquency. What is this process called?
a. Stigmatization
b. Dramatization of evil
c. Reintegrative shaming
d. Reflected appraisals
Q:
Managed care companies tend to be disinterested in the outcomes of program evaluations.
Q:
Open questions can serve to:
a. Clarify certain aspects of the other person's story
b. Make clients tense and defensive
c. Provide needed identifying information about the client
d. Put the clinician ill at ease
Q:
Youths who engage in delinquency and get caught and labeled are referred to as pure deviants, whereas youths who continually break rules and avoid labeling are referred to as secret deviants. What models of labeling would best fit these descriptions?
a. Conformists, pure deviants,
b. Secret deviants, conformists
c. Pure deviants, secret deviants
d. Falsely accused, secret deviants
Q:
"Did Dr. Langley prescribe any medication when you saw her in the past?" is an example of:
a. A question that directs the clinician toward a solution
b. A closed question
c. A prying question
d. An open question