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Q:
The condition of urinary incontinence in community-dwelling older adults is only about 20%, but for those living in nursing homes, the number rises to
a. 35%.
b. 50%.
c. 70%.
d. 90%.
Q:
At 85-years-old, Elizabeth has recently begun to lose control of her bladder, which has led to several embarrassing situations when she has been out with friends. Elizabeth is suffering from
a. Crohn's disease.
b. irritable bowel syndrome.
c. incontinence.
d. hormonal enuresis.
Q:
John frequently feels the urge to urinate and sometimes does not make it to the restroom in time. Because of this, he does not like to be far from a restroom. As a result, John has stopped playing golf and is spending more time at home. John probably has
a. incontinence.
b. impotence.
c. a small bladder.
d. endoprostate.
Q:
The American Cancer Society recommends a prostate-specific antigen blood test and the digital rectal exam by the age of
a. 30.
b. 40.
c. 50.
d. 60.
Q:
The American Cancer Society recommends a baseline mammogram for women
a. 30 years and older.
b. 40 years and older.
c. 50 years and older.
d. There is no set recommendation.
Q:
BRCA1 on chromosome 17 and BRCA2 on chromosome 13 have been linked to a susceptibility for
a. lung cancer.
b. breast cancer.
c. prostate cancer.
d. pancreatic cancer.
Q:
Which of the following forms of cancer is thought to have a genetic link?
a. breast
b. spinal
c. stomach
d. lung
Q:
The most common form of cancer in men is______and in women is_______.
a. colon; breast
b. lung; breast
c. prostate; breast
d. lung; colon
Q:
Which of the following is a major risk factor for the development of skin cancer?
a. exercise and a low-fat diet
b. exposure to the UV rays of the sun
c. having dark-colored skin
d. low levels of sex hormones
Q:
The risk of getting cancer
a. decreases somewhat with age.
b. increases markedly with age.
c. does not change with age.
d. is unknown.
Q:
_______is the second leading cause of death in the United States, behind cardiovascular disease.
a. Type I diabetes
b. Cancer
c. Stroke
d. Alzheimer's disease
Q:
Prevention and treatment of diabetes among older adults involves
a. increasing the intake of sugar.
b. reducing involvement in exercise.
c. a low carbohydrate and low calorie diet.
d. increasing intake of red wine.
Q:
Which of the following usually develops earlier in life and requires the use of insulin?
a. Type I diabetes
b. Type II diabetes
c. Type III diabetes
d. Pediatric-onset diabetes
Q:
A defect in metabolizing glucose is responsible for the disease known as
a. hypertension.
b. diabetes.
c. heart disease.
d. osteoarthritis.
Q:
When the pancreas does not produce enough insulin,________results.
a. hypertension
b. diabetes mellitus
c. heart disease
d. diabetic retinopathy
Q:
People with diabetes mellitus can experience______ if their sugar level is too high and______ if their sugar level is too low.
a. fever; coma
b. coma; fever
c. coma; unconsciousness
d. unconsciousness; coma
Q:
Nearly_______of all adults in the United States have a chronic health condition. a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 65%
Q:
All of the following are chronic conditions except
a. arthritis.
b. diabetes.
c. cancer.
d. the common cold.
Q:
Chronic stress has been shown to have serious effects on the immune system, including
a. increased risk for viral infections.
b. increased risk for atherosclerosis.
c. increased risk for hypertension.
d. all of these.
Q:
Research indicates that there are age differences in the types of coping strategies used across the life span. For example, older adults are more likely to use________than younger adults.
a. active coping strategies
b. emotion-focused strategies
c. personal mastery strategies
d. community-focused strategies
Q:
You wake up with the flu one morning, the day after you did poorly on a biology exam and the day you have a big psychology exam. You look at your roommate and scream in frustration and then vent all your pent-up anger.
According to the stress and coping paradigm, this is an example of
a. primary appraisal.
b. reappraisal.
c. problem-focused coping.
d. emotion-focused coping.
Q:
After asking yourself, "What can I do to improve my performance on my next exam?" you decide you should read
the chapter before lecture so you can pay more attention in class. This is an example of
a. primary appraisal.
b. reappraisal.
c. problem-focused coping.
d. emotion-focused coping.
Q:
When you decide to tackle a problem head on, you are using
a. emotion-focused coping.
b. problem-focused coping.
c. tertiary coping.
d. primary coping.
Q:
When a person makes a new primary or secondary appraisal resulting from a change in the situation, they are making a
a. primary appraisal.
b. secondary appraisal.
c. tertiary appraisal.
d. reappraisal.
Q:
A secondary appraisal involves
a. making a new primary appraisal.
b. evaluating one's ability to cope.
c. reassessing an event as benign, positive, or stressful.
d. evaluating all stressors in one's life as benign.
Q:
After doing poorly on an exam, you ask yourself, "What can I do to improve my performance next time?" This is an example of a
a. primary appraisal.
b. secondary appraisal.
c. tertiary appraisal.
d. reappraisal.
Q:
Evaluating one's ability to control and cope with harm, threat, or challenge occurs during
a. primary appraisal.
b. secondary appraisal.
c. reappraisal.
d. emotional adaptation.
Q:
According to Lazarus and Folkman, arguing that "I don"t have to worry about plane crashes because I never fly" is
an example of
a. primary appraisal.
b. secondary appraisal.
c. tertiary appraisal.
d. coping.
Q:
Deciding whether a particular event is irrelevant, positive, or stressful occurs during
a. primary appraisal.
b. secondary appraisal.
c. coping.
d. reappraisal.
Q:
Viewing stress as the interaction between a person and an event is known as the
a. psychoanalytical theory.
b. person-event paradigm.
c. interactional stress theory.
d. stress and coping paradigm.
Q:
Prolonged stress can cause damage to the sympathetic nervous system along with
a. increases in cardiovascular disease.
b. impaired immune system functioning.
c. increases in some forms of cancer.
d. all of these.
Q:
As we get older, our chances of contracting_____ goes down, while our chances of contracting_____ goes up.
a. acute diseases; chronic diseases
b. chronic diseases; acute diseases
c. acute diseases; influenza
d. cancer; chronic diseases
Q:
Arthritis is an example of a(n)
a. chronic disease.
b. acute disease.
c. lymphoma.
d. simple disease.
Q:
Diseases that develop slowly, last a long time, and are relatively difficult to treat are
a. chronic diseases.
b. acute diseases.
c. treated with narcotics.
d. more common in younger adults than in older adults.
Q:
The common cold, influenza, and food poisoning are examples of
a. simple diseases.
b. immune system diseases.
c. acute diseases.
d. chronic diseases.
Q:
Diseases with a rapid onset that last a relatively short time are
a. chronic diseases.
b. acute diseases.
c. age-related.
d. psychological diseases.
Q:
For a number of reasons, including changes in the immune system, older adults have a greater risk of contracting
a. exacerbators.
b. drug excretion.
c. autolymphomosis.
d. HIV.
Q:
The study of the relations between psychological, neurological, and immunological systems is known as
a. autoimmunity.
b. psychoneuroimmunology.
c. autolymphomosis.
d. anti-immunity.
Q:
Changes in______increase the older adult's vulnerability to infection, viruses, and certain types of arthritis.
a. white matter
b. the autonomic nervous system
c. quality of life
d. the immune system
Q:
The process by which the body attacks itself is called
a. the autoantibodic process.
b. autolymphomosis.
c. the reverse immunity syndrome.
d. autoimmunity.
Q:
When confronted by an invader, an_________ is produced to protect the body from future invasions.
a. autoantibody
b. autoimmunity
c. antibody
d. anti-immunity
Q:
The changing balance of T-lymphocytes may help explain why older adults need to be immunized________against specific diseases such as influenza.
a. earlier
b. later
c. not at all
d. repeatedly over a period of months
Q:
Which type of lymphocyte is our primary defense against cancer and provides help in fighting viral and parasitic infections?
a. T-lymphocytes
b. B-lymphocytes
c. IgG
d. natural killer cells (NK)
Q:
Which of the following is not a type of cell in the immune system?
a. cell-mediated immunity
b. B-lymphocytes
c. autoimmunity
d. nonspecific immunity
Q:
Lawton and colleagues (1999) found that a person's valuation of life had a great deal of impact on
a. that person's experience of chronic diseases.
b. how long that person would like to live.
c. experience of acute illnesses.
d. rates of depression.
Q:
Thirty years of research has shown that_______ is/are predictive of future health outcomes.
a. self-ratings of health
b. objective assessments of one's exercise habits
c. the number of times one visits the doctor
d. a spouse's rating of one's health
Q:
The World Health Organization defines health as
a. physical well-being.
b. social well-being.
c. emotional well-being.
d. all of the above.
Q:
Research has determined that there is a biological explanation for why women live longer than men. Which of these is true?
a. Women have two X chromosomes whereas men have only one.
b. Women have a higher brain-to-body weight ratio.
c. Women have less testosterone.
d. None of these have enough scientific support to explain why women, on average and in industrialized countries, outlive men.
Q:
In most industrialized countries, women's average longevity is about_____ years more than men's at birth.
a. 1
b. 5
c. 7
d. 10
Q:
In the United States, which of the following statements about sex differences in average longevity is true?
a. Women live less long due to factors such as maternal mortality and female infanticide.
b. Women tend to live longer than men.
c. Men and women have the same average longevity.
d. Men live longer due to their increased access to health care and higher socioeconomic status.
Q:
Which of the following statements about ethnic differences in average longevity is true?
a. Older ethnic individuals have a shorter life expectancy than European Americans.
b. Older ethnic individuals have a longer life expectancy than European Americans.
c. At birth, ethnic individuals have a longer life expectancy than European Americans.
d. At birth, people of all ethnicities have the same life expectancy rates.
Q:
The best indicator of how long you will live is
a. how balanced your diet is and whether you exercise regularly.
b. not smoking cigarettes and not drinking.
c. the longevity of the people in your neighborhood.
d. the longevity of relatives.
Q:
All of the following are environmental factors that impact longevity rates except
a. toxins in food and water.
b. airborne pollutants.
c. living in poverty.
d. implanting corrected genes to eliminate defective genes.
Q:
_______ends when one loses independence or must rely on others for activities of daily living.
a. Maximum life expectancy
b. Average life expectancy
c. Active life expectancy
d. Dependent life expectancy
Q:
The oldest age to which any individual of a species lives is called
a. maximum longevity.
b. average longevity.
c. compression of morbidity.
d. dependent life expectancy.
Q:
The most rapid increases in average longevity at birth occurred in the first half of the 20th century largely due to
a. a reduction in maternal smoking.
b. an increase in maternal mortality.
c. declines in infant mortality rates.
d. lack of access to childhood immunizations.
Q:
Computing the average longevity of people currently 50-years-old
a. includes all people born in that particular year 50-years-ago.
b. results in the same estimate of longevity as that calculated from birth.
c. does not include anyone who was born in the same year but died before age 50.
d. is not mathematically possible.
Q:
The age at which half the individuals born in any particular year will have died is called
a. maximum longevity.
b. average longevity.
c. functional health.
d. chronic longevity.
Q:
Discuss extraindividual and intraindividual interventions with regard to health and disability.
Q:
What are ADLs and IADLs?
Q:
Outline Verbrugge and Jett's model of disability.
Q:
Discuss pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to pain management. Provide examples.
Q:
Describe the differences between acute and chronic illnesses. Give one example of each.
Q:
Discuss HIV/AIDS in the elderly population.
Q:
What are some of the implications as people's immune systems change across time?
Q:
How does the immune system work?
Q:
What happens to the cognitive performance of men and women over time?
Q:
How does the effect of environmental factors on average longevity change over time?
Q:
The United States has higher rates of most_____ and_______ than England or the rest of Europe.
Q:
A person is said to have a_________ when a chronic condition affects a person's ability to engage
in necessary, expected, and desired activities.
Q:
_________memory, remembering to take one's medication at a future time, is critical to good adherence to a medication regimen.
Q:
There is much evidence that the process of________is much slower in older adults. This means that drugs stay longer in the body as people grow older.
Q:
The______approach to pain management includes the use of narcotic and nonnarcotic medications.
Q:
________results from improper contraction of the kidneys, causing the bladder to become overdistended.
Q:
Which of the following statements is false?
a. The ability of the heart to contract decreases with age.
b. The amount of connective tissue in the heart decreases with age.
c. Blood pressure normally rises somewhat with age.
d. Cardiac output and cardiac reserve both decrease with age.
Q:
The Pocket Smell Test gives clinicians another indicator for diagnosing suspected cases of
a. perimenopause.
b. osteoporosis.
c. rheumatoid arthritis.
d. Alzheimer's disease.
Q:
The National Geographic Society conducted a large-scale survey and found that_____were not able to detect certain odors, such as natural gas, as well as_____.a. older people; younger peopleb. younger people; older peoplec. older men; older womend. older women; older men
Q:
The most accurate conclusion concerning age-related changes in taste sensitivity is that
a. the changes are extensive for all flavors.
b. the changes begin in young adulthood and accelerate after age 70.
c. detection of sweet and salty tastes declines while detection of sour and bitter tastes increases.
d. the ability to detect certain tastes declines gradually, but this varies greatly from taste to taste and person to person.
Q:
Researchers have found that this form of exercise can reduce older adults' chances of falling and can improve their balance.
a. yoga
b. swimming
c. Tai Chi
d. gymnastics
Q:
Which of the following is not associated with age differences in the vestibular system?
a. vertigo
b. body sway
c. dizziness
d. presbyopia