Q&A Hero

Q: Problem-oriented policing focuses on addressing the problems underlying incidents of juvenile delinquency. a. True b. False

Q: Dealing with juvenile offenders creates role conflicts for many police departments. a. True b. False

Q: Officers who specialize in dealing with juvenile offenders are called juvenile officers. a. True b. False

Q: Regardless of the size of the police department, only those officers trained specifically to deal with juvenile offenders will ever be involved in handling juvenile cases. a. True b. False

Q: Direct engagement with a community is a mainstay of the community policing model. a. True b. False

Q: The pledge system assumed that neighbors would protect each other from thieves and warring groups. a. True b. False

Q: One method of contemporary delinquency prevention relies on aggressive patrolling targeted at specific patterns of delinquency. a. True b. False

Q: Operation Ceasefire is an initiative to make peace between rival gangs. a. True b. False

Q: Problem-oriented policing is also referred to as problem-solving policing. a. True b. False

Q: Curfew laws are considered an example of pulling levers. a. True b. False

Q: Curfews represent a form of problem-oriented policing. a. True b. False

Q: Juveniles as young as 15 years old sufficiently understand their Miranda rights. a. True b. False

Q: Most juvenile officers have the same amount of discretion granted to them for both adults and juveniles. a. True b. False

Q: Community policing has its main emphasis on fighting crime. a. True b. False

Q: The watch system assumed that neighbors would protect each other from thieves and warring groups. a. True b. False

Q: Discuss the findings of the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine's Panel on Juvenile Crime in regard to prevention and intervention programs. Do you agree or disagree with the panel? Explain.

Q: According to the text, teen courts may also encourage communities to take a more active role in responding to juvenile justice. Discuss the four potential benefits outlined in the text in regard to teen court.

Q: Discuss intervention programs, providing examples.

Q: Compare and contrast the similarities between the juvenile and adult systems.

Q: Discuss prevention programs in regard to risk factors faced by young children. Do you think these are viable programs for preventing delinquency? Explain your view.

Q: Discuss the conflicting values in juvenile justice.

Q: Discuss the juvenile justice process, including a brief description of each step in the process.

Q: Discuss the Illinois Juvenile Court Act, including the key provisions of the act.

Q: Discuss the child saving movement.

Q: Discuss the impact of urbanization on delinquency in the late eighteenth to early twentieth century.

Q: Immediate and intermediate sanctions vary in their severity (probation versus incarceration, for example). This strategy, in which a variety of sanctions are available, is called _____ sanctions.

Q: At-risk youths would be best served by a(n) ____ strategy, which would address their particular risk factors.

Q: A ____ court cannot sentence juveniles to county jails or state prisons, as these are reserved for adults only.

Q: Unlike adult proceedings, juvenile proceedings are not considered ____.

Q: Secure pretrial holding facilities are called _____.

Q: _____ want to reduce the court's jurisdiction over juveniles charged with a serious crime and liberalize the prosecutor's ability to try them in adult courts.

Q: Under the_____ philosophy, juvenile justice procedures are informal and nonadversarial.

Q: In Kent v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that a child has _____ rights, such as the right to have an attorney present.

Q: The federal agency created to administer grants and provide guidance for crime prevention policy and programs is the _____.

Q: The current juvenile justice system exercises jurisdiction over two distinct categories of offenders: _____ and _____.

Q: Community-based diversion and day treatment are types of graduated sanctions for which type of offender?

Q: _____ suggest that the court scale back its judicial role and transfer its functions to community groups and social service agencies.

Q: _____ is the first step in the juvenile justice process.

Q: _____ advocates want to reduce the court's jurisdiction over juveniles charged with serious crimes and liberalize the prosecutor's ability to try them in adult courts.

Q: ______ is the juvenile equivalent of sentencing for adult offenders.

Q: The document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is a delinquent, a status offender, or a dependent and asking that the court assume jurisdiction over the juvenile is called the _____.

Q: _____ is the procedure of separating adjudicatory and disposition hearings so different levels of evidence can be heard at each.

Q: _____ children are those who fall under a jurisdictional age limit and who commit an act in violation of the penal code.

Q: The ______ is the oldest federal agency for children in the United States.

Q: The organization that protected children subjected to cruelty and neglect at home or at school was called the _____.

Q: Because of the movement to toughen the juvenile justice system, which statement is true? a. The emphasis is on mollycoddling juveniles to "scare them strait." b. The role of treatment has been greatly diminished. c. The deterrent value of juvenile justice is to be reduced. d. Treatment is now emphasized over punishment.

Q: One similarity between the adult and juvenile justice systems is the _____. a. use of attorneys b. primacy of the Miranda warning c. role of juries d. emphasis on treatment and rehabilitation

Q: This group would prefer that the courts scale back their judicial role and transfer their functions to community groups and social service agencies. a. child savers b. child advocates c. crime control advocates d. children's aid societies

Q: Which of the following is an example of an organization that would not be involved in intervention programs? a. the Boys and Girls Club b. Job Corps c. Head Start d. YouthBuild U.S.A.

Q: An example of an organization involved in prevention programs would be _____. a. the Boys and Girls Club b. Job Corps c. Head Start d. YouthBuild U.S.A.

Q: The type of program designed to ward off involvement in more serious delinquency is called_____. a. intervention b. prevention c. reformation d. adjudication

Q: _____ refers to the trial stage of the juvenile court process. a. Adjudication b. Disposition c. Waiver hearing d. Detention hearing

Q: The most commonly used formal sentence for juvenile offenders is referred to as _____. a. incarceration b. wilderness camp c. residential treatment facility d. probation

Q: The _____ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution places limitations on police interrogation procedures. a. Fourth b. Fifth c. Sixth d. Eighth

Q: Secure pretrial holding facilities for juveniles are called ____. a. boot camps b. detention centers c. jails d. secure group homes

Q: What percentage of children arrested are referred to the juvenile court? a. 33% b. 50% c. 70% d. 90%

Q: What do judges generally do with repeat juvenile offenders who are deemed untreatable by juvenile authorities? a. The court sentences the juvenile to a detention center until they are 21. b. The child is transferred to adult court. c. The child remains in juvenile court. d. The court declines to prosecute this type of child and refers him or her to an adult treatment facility.

Q: According to the text, status offenders are defined as _____. a. children who commit an act that would be classified as a crime if they were adults b. children who have been adjudicated delinquent c. children in need of supervision d. children who are abused/neglected and commit crimes to survive

Q: What is known as a reduction in charges in adult criminal court is known as _____ in juvenile court. a. adjudication b. petition c. substitution d. adjustment

Q: The _____ created the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. a. Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 b. Omnibus Safe Streets and Crime Control Act c. Crime Prevention and Control Act of 1950 d. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974

Q: In _____ , the Court held that the Fourth Amendment's guarantee against unreasonable searches is not violated by the suspicionless drug testing of all students choosing to participate in interscholastic athletics. a. New Jersey v. T.L.O. b. Vernonia School District v. Acton c. Kent v. United States d. Thompson v. Oklahoma

Q: _____ determined that the Fourth Amendment applies to school searches. a. New Jersey v. T.L.O. b. Vernonia School District v. Acton c. Kent v. United States d. Thompson v. Oklahoma

Q: _____ determined that a child has due process rights, such as having an attorney present at waiver hearings. a. New Jersey v. T.L.O. b. Vernonia School District v. Acton c. Kent v. United States d. Thompson v. Oklahoma

Q: When the juvenile court was first created, _____ was the standard of proof required to adjudicate a child delinquent. a. beyond a reasonable doubt b. probable cause c. clear and convincing d. preponderance of the evidence

Q: The first juvenile court was established in Chicago in _____. a. 1850 b. 1899 c. 1920 d. 1945

Q: What was the purpose of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children? a. To prevent delinquency by picking up children and placing them in reform schools b. To take children from the streets of large cities and placed them with farm families on the prairie c. To remove abused and neglected children from their homes and assist the court in making placement decisions d. To place abused children on orphan trains to be sent West

Q: The first Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children was established in _____. a. 1850 b. 1874 c. 1899 d. 1911

Q: Trains in which urban youths were sent West for adoption with local farm couples were called ______. a. freedom trains b. orphan trains c. children's trains d. refuge trains

Q: _____ describes the activities of the Children's Aid Society. a. A child saving organization that took children from the streets of large cities and placed them with farm families on the prairie b. A child saving organization that took children away from abusive parents and placed them in shelters c. The organization, created by the child savers, whose primary focus was on preventing delinquency by picking up children and placing them in reform schools d. The organization, created by the Quakers, to prevent children from being abused by punishing the parents by criminally prosecuting them

Q: _____ was instrumental in the development of the Children's Aid Society. a. Oliver Wendell Holmes b. Charles Loring Brace c. Emile Durkheim d. Mark Paul Gosselaar

Q: The criminal trial is called a _____ in the juvenile justice system. a. hearing b. fact finding session c. mediation d. junior trial

Q: A typical resident of the House of Refuge devoted most of his or her time to _____. a. education b. religious instruction c. supervised labor d. vocational training

Q: The creation of the House of Refuge was largely due to the efforts of the _____. a. Quakers b. Mormons c. Catholics d. Protestants

Q: Child saving organizations influenced the _____ to enact laws giving courts the power to commit children who were runaways or criminal offenders to specialized institutions. a. state legislatures b. federal government c. local governments d. state judiciary

Q: _____ refers to a care facility developed by the child savers to protect potential criminal youths by taking them off the street and providing a family-like environment. a. The House of Refuge b. Settlement houses c. Reform schools d. Group homes

Q: Intermediate sanctions generally target repeat minor offenders with sanctions such as probation.a. Trueb. False

Q: Prevention programs focus on addressing those risk factors for delinquency that juveniles may face. a. True b. False

Q: Determining whether a child is to be remanded to a shelter or released is the purpose of the detention hearing. a. True b. False

Q: A person or child in need of supervision is called a delinquent offender. a. True b. False

Q: The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children were organizations whose focus was on protecting children subjected to cruelty and neglect at home or at school. a. True b. False