Q&A Hero

Q: In re Gault established due process rights for juveniles. a. True b. False

Q: There is common agreement amongst experts that waivers are a beneficial practice. a. True b. False

Q: The most common type of delinquency case judicially waived to adult criminal courts is person offenses. a. True b. False

Q: The transfer of a juvenile offender from a juvenile court to an adult court is called the petition. a. True b. False

Q: A high percentage of juvenile offenders, like their adult counterparts, enter a plea of guilty. a. True b. False

Q: The intake process is generated by the filing of a complaint by the police or some other agency. a. True b. False

Q: The screening of cases by the juvenile justice system is referred to as disposition. a. True b. False

Q: Those accused juveniles thought to be a danger to the community are often confined in preventive detention. a. True b. False

Q: On the whole, the level of detention is decreasing. a. True b. False

Q: The temporary care of a child in a physically unrestricting environment is called disposition. a. True b. False

Q: Indigent juveniles are provided legal defense through a public defender. a. True b. False

Q: The juvenile defense attorney is a court-appointed attorney who protects the interest of the child in cases involving the child's welfare. a. True b. False

Q: Public schools can gain access to juvenile records. a. True b. False

Q: The choice of a program for a child that will best foster the child's growth and development is called the least detrimental alternative. a. True b. False

Q: Youths who are diagnosed with a psychological disorder may be required to undergo therapy at a local mental health clinic; this disposition is considered to be a commitment to a residential community program. a. True b. False

Q: Discuss Operation Ceasefire, including the names of some of the agencies involved in this effort. Why do you think this initiative was successful?

Q: What are the pros and cons of the police using different delinquency prevention strategies?

Q: Discuss police in schools, including an example of a school-based program with a school and police partnership. Explain your view of police officers in schools.

Q: Discuss gender bias in police treatment of male and female offenders. Provide an example.

Q: Explain how environmental factors would influence a police officer's use of discretion. Do you think environmental factors are important in discretionary decision making? Why or why not?

Q: Discuss the aspects (i.e., history, constitutional issues) of the Fare v. Michael C. and California v. Prysock cases. Do you agree or disagree with the Court's holdings? Explain.

Q: Discuss Arizona v. Gant (2009). What is the history of the case, what constitutional amendment is under scrutiny, and how did the Court rule? Do you agree or disagree with the Courts holding? Explain.

Q: What is an informant? Discuss role conflict in regard to using juveniles as informants. Do you agree or disagree with the practice? Explain.

Q: Advocates of community policing regard the approach as useful in juvenile justice for a number of reasons. Name the reasons indicated in the text. Explain your view on community policing and delinquency.

Q: Discuss the history of juvenile policing in the early American colonies through the 1930s.

Q: Targeting gangs and arresting members for any law violation is referred to as a _____.

Q: When police conform to the community's norms in deciding on an arrest, it is called a(n) ____ factor.

Q: When police take into account a juvenile's appearance, speech, and demeanor, it is called a ____ factor.

Q: The requirement that police inform suspects of their constitutional rights is called the ____.

Q: The greater likelihood of African Americans being arrested for crimes as opposed to White suspects is an example of a ____ bias.

Q: The decision by police not to arrest female suspects is called the______.

Q: A strategy that emphasizes reducing fear and organizing the community is called _____.

Q: The system of paid watchmen patrolling at night to protect homes is called the ____ system.

Q: The conflict police officers face that revolve around the requirement to do their duty as law enforcement officers and a desire to aid in rehabilitating youthful offenders is called ___.

Q: Implemented in Boston, ______ is one of the most successful examples of problem-oriented policing focusing on reducing juvenile crime and violence.

Q: _____ is an evaluation of the fairness of the manner in which an offender's or another group's problem or dispute was handled by police.

Q: Regarding gender, police tend to be more lenient toward ______ than ______ committing acts of delinquency.

Q: _____ that include targeting gang areas and arresting members for any law violation, have not proven to be effective against gangs.

Q: In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court held that constitutional privileges against self-incrimination apply in juvenile as well as adult cases.

Q: Most courts have concluded that ______ need not be present for children to effectively waive their rights to remain silent.

Q: _____ is essential in providing individualized justice.

Q: Juvenile officers operate either as _____ in a police department, or as part of the _____ of a police department.

Q: In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court established a clearly defined procedure for custodial interrogation.

Q: In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court established that police may stop a suspect and search for evidence without a warrant under certain circumstances.

Q: An ______ is a person who has access to criminal networks and shares information with authorities in exchange for money or special treatment under conditions of anonymity.

Q: The increased incidence of African Americans being arrested would suggest which discretionary factor at play? a. Racial bias b. The "dad" effect c. Gender bias d. The chivalry effect

Q: The decreased incidence of females being arrested would suggest which discretionary factor at play? a. Racial bias b. The "dad" effect c. Gender bias d. The chivalry effect

Q: A suspect's speech, demeanor, dress, and attitude are all aspects of which discretionary factor? a. Environmental b. Situational c. Community d. Police policy

Q: An officer's conforming to community standards when deciding on a course of action is an example of what type of factor influencing discretion? a. Environmental b. Situational c. Community d. Police policy

Q: The use of personal decision making and choice as employed by law enforcement is the definition of ______. a. community policing b. biased justice c. a community-based policing service d. discretion

Q: Which statement is not true regarding a juvenile's decision to waive his or her Miranda rights? a. It does not require the presence of parents or lawyers. b. It is a violation of the defendant's Fifth Amendment rights. c. Its legality is determined by the totality of the circumstances. d. Its constitutionality was established in People v. Lara.

Q: A question posed by the police to a suspect in custody isa ______. a. consent interrogation b. violation of the defendant's Fifth Amendment rights c. custodial statement d. custodial interrogation

Q: In re Gault established that the constitutional privileges against _____ applied equally to adults as well as to juveniles. a. the denial of jury trial b. warrantless searches c. racial bias d. self-incrimination

Q: Which of the following would not be considered a warrantless search? a. Stop-and-frisk b. Home entry c. Consent search d. Searches pursuant to a court order

Q: In Arizona v. Gant, the Supreme court placed limitations on ______. a. aggressive law enforcement b. warrantless search c. illegal search d. police searches of automobiles

Q: An early English system in which neighbors protected each other from thieves and warring groups was known as _____. a. the pledge system b. the watch system c. control system d. the neighborhood watch system

Q: A law enforcement philosophy that focuses on reducing fear, organizing the community, and maintaining order is called __________. a. strategic policing b. police"community relations c. tactical policing d. community policing

Q: ______ are defined as those conflicts that arise when law enforcement duties conflict with an officer's desire to rehabilitate youthful offenders. a. Role conflicts b. Conflicts of duty c. Service conflicts d. Conflicts of conscience

Q: An evaluation study of Boston's Operation Ceasefire program found that the program ______. a. produced a significant reduction in youth homicides in Boston b. backfired and increased youth homicides in Boston c. had no effect on youth homicides d. reduced youth homicides but increased overall gang violence

Q: Modeled after DARE, ______ was developed to help reduce adolescent involvement in crime through teaching and education of school children by police officers. a. GARE b. GREAT c. SROA d. GERT

Q: A systematic analysis and response to the problems or conditions underlying criminal incidents rather than the incidents themselves is the definition of ______. a. community policing b. police community relations c. problem-oriented policing d. team policing

Q: Boston's Operation Ceasefire, in which every deterrent "lever" is applied, is an example of ______. a. community policing b. police"community relations c. pulling levers policing d. team policing

Q: Curfews represent a form of ______. a. problem-oriented policing b. community-based policing c. aggressive law enforcement d. problem solving

Q: Police departments in Chicago and Los Angeles have at one time used ______, targeting gang areas and arresting members for any law violations. a. community policing b. problem-oriented policing c. random patrol d. saturation patrol

Q: A stop-and-frisk is an example of _____. a. aggressive law enforcement b. a warrantless search c. an illegal search d. police discretion

Q: ______ are defined as those adjudicated delinquent for crimes of homicide, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, and kidnapping. a. Violent juvenile offenders b. Superpreditor delinquents c. Young adult offenders d. Transferred juveniles

Q: The _______ holds that police are likely to act paternally toward young girls and not arrest them. a. gentleman's hypothesis b. ladies' hypothesis c. chivalry hypothesis d. big brother hypothesis

Q: The use of personal decision making and choice in carrying out official duties in the criminal justice system is called _______. a. decision making b. discretion c. flexibility d. unconstitutional

Q: The _____ Amendment protects people from unreasonable search and seizure. a. First b. Fourth c. Sixth d. Eighth

Q: The term in loco parentis is Latin for _______. a. with the permission of a family member b. the crime occurred in a certain location c. in place of the parent d. with the permission of the parent

Q: Reasonable ground to believe that an offense was committed and the accused committed that offense is called ______. a. reasonable suspicion b. probable cause c. reasonableness d. justifiable suspicion

Q: The taking of a person into custody until he or she can be held accountable for the offense in court proceedings is called ______. a. detention b. delay c. Arrest d. pickup

Q: A law enforcement philosophy that focuses on addressing the problems underlying incidents of juvenile delinquency rather than the incidents themselves is called __________. a. strategic policing b. police"community relations c. tactical policing d. problem-oriented policing

Q: Police reform efforts of the 1930s resulted in the creation of specialized police units, known as _____. a. child savers b. juvenile watch system c. delinquency control squads d. juvenile order system

Q: The premise of the community policing model of crime prevention is that the police can carry out their duties more effectively by ______. a. gaining the trust and assistance of concerned citizens b. making more arrests c. using more undercover sting operations for drugs d. getting tough on crime

Q: Search and seizure is when the police have reasonable grounds to believe that an offense has been committed and that the accused committed the crime. a. True b. False

Q: Taking a person into custody is called an arrest. a. True b. False

Q: An evaluation of the fairness of the manner in which an offender's problem or dispute was handled by the police is called discretion. a. True b. False

Q: Community norms would be an example of an environmental factor of discretion. a. True b. False

Q: The granting of discretion tends to bind the hands of law enforcement, compelling them to follow strict procedures. a. True b. False