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Q:
Implicit memory is also referred to as
a. declarative memory.
b. procedural memory.
c. intentional memory.
d. subjective memory.
Q:
Recent research into what causes working memory deficits in older adults has found that
a. older adults have more trouble accessing multiple pieces of information.
b. older adults have more trouble juggling all of the information at once.
c. verbal working memory is much more affected than spatial working memory.
d. testing at night improves older adults' performance.
Q:
Age-related decline in_________ working memory tends to be greater than the decline in_________ working memory.
a. verbal; spatial
b. verbal; mathematical
c. spatial; verbal
d. mathematical; verbal
Q:
Most evidence indicates
a. significant age-related decline in working memory.
b. loss of the ability to hold items in working memory may limit older adults' overall cognitive functioning.
c. age-related declines in working memory may vary across different tasks.
d. all of the above.
Q:
Michael is trying to remember an address. He repeats it in his mind until he gets to his car and enters it into his navigation system. Michael is using his
a. sensory memory.
b. working memory.
c. secondary memory.
d. remote memory.
Q:
A smallcapacity store that deals with the items currently "in use" is
a. sensory memory.
b. working memory.
c. secondary memory.
d. remote memory.
Q:
Age differences on divided attention tasks
a. can be reduced by increasing older adults' practice with the tasks.
b. can be reduced by decreasing younger adults' practice with the tasks.
c. can be reduced by increasing task complexity.
d. cannot be reduced.
Q:
What variable affects whether age differences will be obtained on divided attention tasks?
a. task complexity
b. speed of responding
c. spatial cueing
d. presentation modality
Q:
Research findings that indicate differences between older and younger adults with issues such as memory, attentional capacity, and processing speed must be interpreted carefully. Why?
a. Memory tests are biased against younger adults.
b. A test that measures memory in a younger adult will not be valid for testing an older adult.
c. Age differences are sensitive to the conditions under which they are measured.
d. Any differences observed between the two groups are due to declining vision and hearing in older adults, not due to decreases in memory or attention per se.
Q:
The amount of information that can be processed at any given time is called the
a. cognitive reserve.
b. vigilance.
c. divided attention.
d. attentional capacity.
Q:
Under which conditions do older and younger adults show similar patterns of attention allocation?
a. never
b. when the goal is to have familiarity with the material
c. when the task requires effortful and deliberate processing
d. when the information is presented quickly
Q:
When first learning to drive a manual transmission car, we are often aware of our processing and it seems to take all of our attention to coordinate our actions. This is an example of
a. automatic processing.
b. effortful processing.
c. divided attention.
d. attentional capacity.
Q:
Which of the following places minimal demands on attentional capacity and gets information into the system largely without us being aware of it?
a. divided attention
b. sustained attention
c. inhibitory loss
d. automatic processing
Q:
John has driven the same short route to work every day for the last seven years. Today he arrived at work and
realized he really didn"t remember any of his drive. This is an example of
a. automatic processing.
b. effortful processing.
c. divided attention.
d. attentional capacity.
Q:
Trying to complete two tasks at one time requires which type of attention?
a. selective attention
b. sustained attention
c. divided attention
d. attentional capacity
Q:
Taking notes while listening to a lecture requires
a. divided attention.
b. effortful processing.
c. external aids.
d. memory self-efficacy.
Q:
Research evidence indicates that the oldest adults have more irrelevant thoughts during processing tasks and have more trouble keeping these irrelevant thoughts out of mind. This is evidence of
a. a decrease in intelligence.
b. inhibitory loss.
c. a decrease in overall memory space.
d. a decrease in sensory memory.
Q:
Neuroimaging studies indicate that age-related changes in speed of processing
a. are inevitable.
b. are dependent upon what adults are being asked to do.
c. are uniform across different types of tasks and situations.
d. vary by sex, with women showing greater declines over time than men.
Q:
Attentional control is linked to the speed of processing in the
a. parieto-frontal lobes.
b. medulla oblongata.
c. occipital lobes.
d. temporal lobe.
Q:
Most of us cannot accurately draw either side of common coins we see every day, such as pennies. This is most likely because
a. our memories cannot store that much detailed information at one time.
b. our processing speed is not strong enough to process all the details on the coin.
c. our retrieval skills only provide us with some of the details of the coin.
d. we have failed to pay attention to the details of the coin.
Q:
What part of the information processing system has an unlimited capacity, takes in information rapidly, and is almost an identical representation of the stimuli as it exists in the observable environment?
a. attention
b. sensory memory
c. working memory
d. tertiary memory
Q:
The earliest step in information processing is
a. attention.
b. working memory.
c. primary memory.
d. sensory memory.
Q:
A computer analogy is used to explain
a. the information processing approach.
b. the origins of source memories.
c. how prospective memory works.
d. age-related declines in speed of processing.
Q:
Which of the following is not an assumption of the information-processing approach?
a. People are active participants in the process.
b. Both quantitative and qualitative aspects of performance can be examined.
c. Information is handled in the system in an untransformed manner.
d. Information is processed through a series of processes.
Q:
What are some of the issues involved in assessing a person's ability to make decisions about their care?
Q:
What are some of the aspects of staff training for those who work in special care units?
Q:
What are some key factors when choosing a nursing home?
Q:
Describe the two levels of care in nursing homes and the regulations for long-term care facilities.
Q:
What are some factors that a family should consider before choosing an assisted-living facility?
Q:
What are ADUs?
Q:
Discuss home modifications as a way for an older person to age in place.
Q:
Discuss Schooler's application of Lazarus's cognitive theory of stress and coping in understanding older adults'
interactions with the environment.
Q:
Discuss the terms competence and environmental press.
Q:
Describe Lewin's personenvironment interaction equation.
Q:
______is a way of speaking with older adults that is termed secondary baby talk, and is a pattern of speaking to older adults based on stereotypes of incompetence and dependence.
Q:
Special care units require special training in________.
Q:
______provide a supportive environment for people with moderate to severe dementia.
Q:
At any given point in time, only about of adults over 65 are in long-term care facilities.
Q:
In the United States, there are more than assisted-living facilities.
Q:
Support services such as transportation, socialization, and daily checks are characteristic of
____________________.
Q:
Seventy-eight percent of are sponsored by nonprofit organizations.
Q:
Adult dwelling units (ADUs) provide independence and support for .
Q:
According to Langer's socialpsychological perspective approach to the personenvironment issue, the key to
residents well-being is the degree to which they .
Q:
The main reason for institutionalization of nursing home residents is because of their .
Q:
The theory suggests that the facilities focus on the individual.
Q:
Schooler argued that the presence of can greatly reduce the impact of environmental stressors.
Q:
In the model, older adults' adaptation depends on both their perceptions of the environment
and their attempts to cope.
Q:
Based on person-environment interactions, is the point when competence and environmental press are in balance.
Q:
_______is the theoretical upper limit of a person's capacity to function.
Q:
Which provides older adults who need skilled nursing care a small, home-like environment that shifts the focus from a large facility to a more home-like setting?
a. Pioneer Network
b. Green House Project
c. Eden Alternative
d. none of these
Q:
The Eden Alternative lists which of the following as accounting for the bulk of suffering among older adults?
a. boredom
b. loneliness
c. helplessness
d. all of the these
Q:
The Pioneer Network focuses on
a. changing the culture of aging in America regardless of where older adults live.
b. creating a habitat rather than facilities for the aging.
c. providing variety in daily activities and spontaneity.
d. all of these.
Q:
The concept that skilled care environments for frail older adults are habitats rather than facilities for the frail is the philosophy behind
a. the Americans with Disabilities Act
b. the Eden Alternative
c. the Pioneer Network
d. the Nursing Home Bill of Rights
Q:
Most people, especially older adults, are likely to
a. engage in informal advance care planning.
b. prefer to allow family members to make decisions for them when the need arises.
c. give family members leeway in interpreting advance directives.
d. all of the these.
Q:
The law that mandates that all facilities provide written information to people about their right to make medical treatment decisions and create advance directives is known as the
a. American with Disabilities Act.
b. Geriatric Ethics Act.
c. Patient Self-Determination Act.
d. Nursing Home Bill of Rights.
Q:
In a study by Chee (2011), which group received the lowest amount of elderspeak?
a. the ambulatory group
b. the wheelchair group
c. the dementia group
d. all groups received the same amount of elderspeak
Q:
In a classic study by Whitbourne and colleagues (1995), infantilizing speech was viewed as by older adults and was not , as some researchers had previously suggested.
a. positive; demeaning
b. negative; nurturing
c. neutral; demoralizing
d. negative; age appropriate
Q:
One of the nurses at Joan's nursing home always speaks to her in a way she feels is belittling. She often says things such as "Joanie, dear, we need to get you ready for the day, so hurry, hurry" or "Uhoh sweetie, it looks like you have made a big mess here. We better get this cleaned up quickly." This type of speech is known as
a. stereotypical speech.
b. insulting.
c. progressive speech.
d. infantilization.
Q:
One of the negative consequences of infantilization of older persons is
a. treating the older person as overly independent.
b. causing an older person to lose the desire to be self-sufficient.
c. making them remember more about the present so they forget the past.
d. making the older adult disoriented.
Q:
Secondary baby talk, also called , involves the unwarranted use of a person's first name, terms of endearment, simplified expressions. and an assumption that the recipient has no memory.
a. seniorspeak
b. simplespeak
c. patronizing speech
d. elderspeak
Q:
The style of speech most people adopt when speaking to older adults is based on the stereotypes of dependence and incompetence. This in turn conveys to older adults a sense of helplessness and a decline in their abilities. This has often been referred to as
a. secondary baby talk.
b. patronizing speech.
c. a communication predicament.
d. inappropriate speech predicament.
Q:
The communication predicament model refers to
a. the need for older adults to be spoken to as if they were young children.
b. older adults' increased tipofthetongue phenomenon.
c. patronizing speech that can lead to cognitive deficits in older adults.
d. secondary baby talk.
Q:
Which of the following may actually facilitate adjustment to relocation?
a. being homesick
b. reminiscing about home
c. forgetting about previous life and friends
d. quickly deciding to relocate before there is too much time to think about it
Q:
What is the relationship between nursing home staff satisfaction and resident satisfaction?
a. There is no relationship between these variables.
b. As staff satisfaction increases, resident satisfaction increases.
c. As staff satisfaction increases, resident satisfaction declines.
d. As staff satisfaction decreases, resident satisfaction increases.
Q:
The circumstances that facilitate feeling at "home" while living in a nursing home include all of the following
except
a. participating in the placement decision.
b. having prior knowledge of the facility.
c. focusing on family and social relationships.
d. focusing on autonomy and personal objects.
Q:
All of the following are essential in a special care unit except
a. specially designed elements in hallways and rooms.
b. special training for staff to work with residents who have dementia.
c. wrist or ankle bands for residents to allow mobility yet provide safety.
d. special medication and soft restraints for all residents.
Q:
Special care units in nursing homes have been designed specifically to best suit the needs of clients with
a. agitation and aggression.
b. drug dependency.
c. clinical depression.
d. dementia.
Q:
Which well-designed unit cares for people with dementia and provides a supportive and therapeutic set of programs that help the person function at the highest level possible?
a. special care
b. nursing home
c. congruence
d. traditional
Q:
Many nursing homes still rely on the approach, which is characterized by rules, routines, and requirements.
a. skilled
b. congruence
c. traditional
d. person-centered
Q:
Nursing home residents who have high perceived personal control show improvements in well-being and activity levels and they _________________.
a. sleep more.
b. live longer.
c. return home faster.
d. use more medications.
Q:
Allowing residents to decorate their own rooms, choosing what they want to eat from a buffet, and deciding whether they want to take a shower or a bath, is a description of which of the following?
a. assisted living
b. person-environment planning
c. person-centered planning
d. staff programs.
Q:
The personcentered planning approach is based on promoting residents' wellbeing by increasing their perceived
level of personal control and treating them with .
a. control
b. respect
c. support.
d. importance
Q:
Based on the various theories of person-environment interactions, the best nursing homes use which approach?
a. person-centered planning
b. staff-to-patient planning
c. person-environment planning
d. centered-person planning
Q:
Estimates are that nearly 80% of nursing home residents have
a. clinical depression.
b. Alzheimer's disease.
c. mobility problems.
d. incontinence.
Q:
Risk factors for placement in a nursing home include all of the following except
a. being over the age of 85.
b. having mobility problems.
c. having recently been admitted to a hospital.
d. being male.
Q:
The major reason for placement in a nursing home is
a. lack of other caregivers.
b. financial.
c. health.
d. personal choice.
Q:
The main reason for placing almost 80% of nursing home residents is
a. significant health problems.
b. lack of income to maintain their own residence.
c. death of a spouse.
d. memory problems such as forgetting to take medications and failing to eat.
Q:
The profile of the typical nursing home resident has changed over time. Between the years 1999 and 2008, Latino and Asian American residents , whereas European American residents .
a. increased by 55%; decreased by 10%
b. decreased by 55%; increased by 10%
c. increased by 10%; decreased by 10%
d. increased by 55%; remained stable
Q:
A European American woman, over age 85, was recently admitted to a hospital and has problems with IADLs and has no siblings or children living nearby. This describes the typical
a. nursing home resident.
b. Alzheimer's patient.
c. adult day care client.
d. elderly person who lives independently.
Q:
Seventy-eight-year-old Ben is recovering from a broken hip. Where is Ben most likely living at the moment?
a. a nursing home
b. an assisted-living facility
c. in congregate housing
d. at home by himself