Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Counseling
Q:
If clinicians and physicians hold negative or positive____________about individuals in certain groups, these can get in the way of obtaining an accurate assessment of a patient's problems.
Q:
The MMSE, a useful screening measure for cognitive impairment, is one example of a________.
Q:
People in different________have different ways of describing how they feel and, as a result, may describe symptoms of mental disorders differently.
Q:
Neurological changes, chronic diseases, and other ailments can change behavior. These are called
_________________.
Q:
An accurate assessment of abnormality in behavior must take into consideration the________in which the behavior occurs.
Q:
Treatment for substance abuse in all age groups focuses on
a. stabilization and reduction in consumption.
b. treatment of coexisting problems.
c. appropriate social interventions.
d. all of the these.
Q:
Older adults are at increased risk for abusing alcohol if they simply continue their alcohol habits from earlier points in their lives. This is because, with age, we
a. metabolize alcohol more slowly.
b. drink more to get the same effect.
c. find that alcohol is easier to obtain.
d. have more serious interactions between alcohol and other medications.
Q:
Traditional treatment of schizophrenia consists of
a. psychotherapy.
b. lithium.
c. antipsychotic medications.
d. MAO inhibitors.
Q:
Dixie believes that people are spying on her and that she talks to the president when she is at the laundromat. Dixie is exhibiting hallmarks of which disorder?
a. schizophrenia
b. multiple personality
c. Huntington's disease
d. anxiety
Q:
For older adults, the clear treatment of choice for anxiety disorders is
a. medications such as benzodiazepines.
b. psychotherapy such as relaxation techniques.
c. medications such as SSRIs.
d. life review therapies.
Q:
Which of the following is not a symptom of anxiety?
a. dry mouth
b. dizziness
c. hyperventilation
d. dysphoria
Q:
As many as of older adults suffer from anxiety disorders. a. 1%b. 15%c. 33%d. 75%
Q:
Which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?
a. anxiety state
b. bipolar disorder
c. phobic disorder
d. obsessive-compulsive disorder
Q:
Which of the following diseases is an autosomal dominant disorder that generally manifests itself through involuntary flicking of the arms and legs and can include psychological disturbances such as hallucinations and paranoia?
a. Huntington's disease
b. Alzheimer's disease
c. Schmidt's disease
d. Wernicke-Korsakoff disease
Q:
Which disease is known primarily for its characteristic motor symptoms that include slow walking, difficulty getting into and out of chairs, and slow hand tremors?
a. Alzheimer's disease
b. AIDS dementia complex
c. Huntington's disease
d. Parkinson's disease
Q:
Which of the following may have a sudden onset after a CVA? Its progression is described as stepwise and highly variable across people.
a. Parkinson's disease
b. AIDS dementia complex
c. vascular dementia
d. Alzheimer's disease
Q:
A form of dementia brought on by multiple infarcts or strokes is known as
a. Pick's disease.
b. AIDS disease.
c. vascular dementia.
d. Huntington's disease.
Q:
Which of the following is primarily designed to allow caregivers to get away?
a. milieu therapy
b. respite care
c. adult day care
d. stress relief care
Q:
During dinnertime Joe, an Alzheimer's patient, often acts out and throws his food. However, tonight he is sitting quietly and eating; this prompts the nursing home staff to reward Joe. The most likely technique the staff is employing is
a. milieu therapy.
b. differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior.
c. spaced reinforcement.
d. cognitive retraining.
Q:
Using which behavioral technique can caregivers reduce difficult behaviors of Alzheimer's patients?
a. milieu therapy
b. differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
c. spaced reinforcement
d. cognitive retraining
Q:
Which of the following is not a recommendation that a caregiver of a dementia patient should consider?
a. institutionalize the patient immediately and without question
b. make realistic financial plans
c. maximize the patient's opportunity to function
d. involve the patient in decisions as much as possible
Q:
Which of the following statements is false?
a. Caregivers experience considerable stress.
b. Sons are more likely to be caregivers than daughters.
c. Caregivers' perceptions of problems are more important than stage of the disease.
d. Female caregivers become more emotionally involved than male caregivers.
Q:
Most patients with dementia are cared for
a. at home by family.
b. at home by health care workers.
c. in nursing homes.
d. in adult care homes.
Q:
The two groups of drugs for Alzheimer's disease that are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration are cholinesterase inhibitors and
a. SSRIs.
b. MAO inhibitors.
c. lithium.
d. memantine.
Q:
The most promising work relating to the genetic causes of Alzheimer's disease has focused on
a. chromosome 14.
b. Down syndrome.
c. amyloid protein.
d. types of neurotransmitters involved.
Q:
What do earlyonset Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease have in common?
a. pattern of neurological changes
b. autosomal dominant pattern of genetic transmission
c. age of onset
d. types of neurotransmitters involved
Q:
__________refers to behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease tending to be worse in the evening than in the
morning.
a. Sunrising
b. Sundowning
c. Evening dominance
d. Positive symptom pattern
Q:
Alzheimer's disease has an average duration of________years from the onset of noticeable symptoms to death.
a. 2
b. 5
c. 9
d. 15
Q:
The symptoms of Alzheimer's disease include
a. declines in memory.
b. difficulty in finding words.
c. changes in personality.
d. all of these.
Q:
Changes in the brain of a person with Alzheimer's disease may be
a. an exaggeration of normal aging.
b. a qualitatively different from normal aging.
c. similar to other forms of dementia.
d. similar to changes due to Huntington's disease.
Q:
Damaged and dying neurons that collect around a core of amyloid protein produce
a. neurofibrillary tangles.
b. granulovacuolar bodies.
c. synaptic nodes.
d. neuritic plaques.
Q:
__________occur when the fibers of the axon become twisted together.
a. Neurofibrillary tangles
b. Granulovacuolar bodies
c. Synaptic nodes
d. Neuritic plaques
Q:
Which of the following is not a microscopic change used to define Alzheimer's disease at autopsy?
a. neurofibrillary tangles
b. choline acetyltransferase decline
c. rapid cell death
d. neuritic plaques
Q:
A definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease depends on
a. a mental status exam.
b. CT and PET scans.
c. an autopsy.
d. genetic screening.
Q:
Alzheimer's disease accounts for as many as________of all cases of dementia.
a. 30%
b. 45%
c. 60%
d. 70%
Q:
The most common form of dementia is
a. Creutzfeld-Jakob disease.
b. Pick's disease.
c. Alzheimer's disease.
d. Parkinson's disease.
Q:
________is characterized by behavioral and cognitive deficits that involve permanent damage to the brain.
a. Depression
b. Dementia
c. Delirium
d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Q:
Dementia is
a. a specific disease.
b. a family of diseases.
c. an inherited disease.
d. a reversible disease.
Q:
Dementias serious enough to impair independent functioning affect nearly_______million people globally. a. 7b. 37c. 57d. 107
Q:
About one-third of cases of___________are preventable.
a. depression
b. delirium
c. dementia
d. bipolar disorder
Q:
Impaired awareness of self and surroundings, attention deficits, disorientation, and a rapid change in symptoms and their severity are characteristic of
a. Alzheimer's disease.
b. Huntington's disease.
c. delusions.
d. delirium.
Q:
Which of the following therapies is especially effective with older adults?
a. cognitive behavioral
b. psychoanalysis
c. medication
d. ECT
Q:
Therapy based on the notion that depression results from maladaptive beliefs about oneself is
a. cognitive.
b. behavioral.
c. psychoeducational.
d. reminiscence.
Q:
A type of therapy that emphasizes changing maladaptive beliefs and thoughts is
a. psychoanalytic therapy.
b. behavioral therapy.
c. cognitive therapy.
d. drug therapy.
Q:
A type of therapy that emphasizes increasing the number of rewards or reinforcements people receive from their environment is
a. psychoanalytic therapy.
b. behavioral therapy.
c. cognitive therapy.
d. drug therapy.
Q:
For which group is ECT not recommended?
a. people whose depression has lasted a long time
b. people who are suicidal
c. people with mild depression
d. people who do not respond to medications
Q:
Because lithium is a salt, it raises blood pressure. Thus, it is dangerous for people who
a. have hypertension or kidney disease.
b. experience high rates of anxiety.
c. take SSRIs.
d. have certain types of cancers.
Q:
The drug(s) of choice to treat bipolar disorder is/are
a. heterocyclic antidepressants.
b. lithium.
c. ECT.
d. MAO inhibitors.
Q:
Which disorder is characterized by periods of depression and mania?
a. schizophrenia
b. obsessive-compulsive disorder
c. multiple personality disorder
d. bipolar disorder
Q:
The drug(s) used to treat depression that may produce dangerous interactions with food, such as cheddar cheese, is/are
a. heterocyclic antidepressants.
b. lithium.
c. ECTs.
d. MAO inhibitors.
Q:
The most common drug(s) used to treat depression are
a. SSRIs.
b. lithium.
c. ECTs.
d. MAO inhibitors.
Q:
Believing that depression involves internal belief systems characterizes
a. cognitive theories.
b. biological theories.
c. psychoanalytic theories.
d. biosocial theories.
Q:
A major theme of psychosocial theories of depression is
a. loss.
b. self-esteem.
c. ego.
d. growth.
Q:
If there are higher rates of depression in the relatives of depressed people than would be expected given the base rates in the population, then this argues for a cause of depression.
a. biological
b. social
c. cultural
d. psychological
Q:
The most important difficulty in using depression assessment measures with older adults is that most measures have been developed on younger individuals and they include items assessing
a. physical symptoms.
b. sexual behavior.
c. substance use.
d. family relationships.
Q:
A major problem in assessing depression in older adults is
a. deciding which test to use among the many valid ones available.
b. most tests were developed on young and middle-aged adults and work best with those age groups.
c. testing has been outlawed in many countries.
d. the lack of any differences between older and younger adults' scores.
Q:
Many older adults admitted to the hospital for depressive symptoms turn out to have previously undiagnosed
a. anxiety disorders.
b. schizophrenia.
c. medical problems.
d. substance abuse.
Q:
To be diagnosed with clinical depression, the symptoms must be present for at least
a. 2 days.
b. 2 weeks.
c. 2 months.
d. There is no criteria for how long symptoms must be present in order to diagnose clinical depression.
Q:
Insomnia, diffuse pain, changes in appetite, headaches, and fatigue are common physical symptoms that can accompany
a. delirium.
b. clinical depression.
c. excessive worry.
d. substance abuse problems.
Q:
Which of the following is not used in diagnosing depression?
a. dysphoria
b. length of time symptoms have been present
c. excessive worry
d. physical symptoms
Q:
Withdrawing, not speaking to others, confining oneself to one's bed, and not taking care of bodily functions is more common in______who are depressed.
a. older adults
b. younger adults
c. women
d. men
Q:
Tina is demonstrating dysphoria, a common symptom of depression. Dysphoria is characterized as
a. being pessimistic.
b. feeling down or blue.
c. restlessness.
d. being irritable.
Q:
The most obvious sign of clinical depression is
a. dyspnea.
b. dysphoria.
c. apathy.
d. lack of expression.
Q:
Compared with younger adults, the rate of clinical depression in older adults is
a. higher.
b. lower.
c. the same.
d. unknown.
Q:
Approximately_________ of older adults living in the community show signs of depression. However, this number rises to more than ___________ for those adults who require home health care.a. 1%; 5%b. 3%; 30%c. 5%; 13%d. 13%; 50%
Q:
Therapy for mental disorders generally involves two approaches: medical treatment and
a. hospitalization.
b. medication.
c. psychotherapy.
d. institutionalization.
Q:
According to developmental theory, it is important that clinicians
a. are sensitive to developmental issues facing people of different ages.
b. identify psychotherapy methods that work with all ages.
c. only work with one age group.
d. examine each individual with life review therapy.
Q:
Having an older adult demonstrate an ability on a specific task is an example of a
a. direct observation.
b. clinical interview.
c. neuropsychological assessment.
d. performance-based assessment.
Q:
All of the following are psychophysiological measures except
a. electroencephalograms.
b. heart rate.
c. respiration rate.
d. skin temperature.
Q:
_______are the most widely used assessment methods.
a. Direct observations
b. Clinical interviews
c. Neuropsychological assessments
d. Performance-based assessments
Q:
A belief that an older adult is cute and could not possibly abuse drugs may cause a doctor to not diagnose or misdiagnose a drug problem. This is an example of
a. a positive environmental condition.
b. a negative environmental condition.
c. a positive bias.
d. a negative bias.
Q:
______are useful quick screening measures of mental competence.
a. Life skills exams
b. Multidimensional assessments
c. Neuropsychological assessments
d. Mental status exams
Q:
As noted in Chapter 1, without the psychometric properties of______ and________, we cannot rely on assessment methods to provide good quality information.
a. reliability; validity
b. theory; research
c. cross-sectional; longitudinal studies
d. interviews; questionnaires
Q:
________, which is often conducted by a team of professionals, is the most effective type of assessment.
a. A holistic approach
b. Multidimensional assessment
c. Neuropsychological testing
d. Life-review assessment
Q:
The formal process of measuring, understanding, and predicting behavior is known as
a. a life-course review.
b. assessment.
c. examination of available resources.
d. psychological testing.
Q:
Health care professionals should_______when assessing and treating adults of widely different ages.
a. always use the same approach
b. not use identical approaches
c. always try medication first
d. try behavioral therapy first
Q:
A community study in Korea and an examination of records in a day hospital in Italy both lend support for the idea that there are ______ differences in the prevalence of mental disorders such as depression.a. incomeb. educationc. raciald. gender
Q:
Differences in prevalence rates of mental disorders across racial and ethnic groups are grounded in which two factors?
a. diet and exercise
b. poverty and social class
c. language and education level
d. generation and geographic location
Q:
Because customs differ across cultures, behavior that may be normative in one culture may be indicative of problems in another. This points to the importance of understanding________ when defining psychopathology.
a. sociocultural influences
b. biological influences
c. psychological influences
d. life-cycle influences
Q:
Using the developmental forces perspective, an older adult who is vague in answering questions because his generation was socialized not to disclose one's inner self to strangers is an example of
a. a sociocultural factor.
b. a psychological factor.
c. a biological factor.
d. a life-cycle factor.