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Counseling
Q:
The major determinants of the quality of your relationships with clients are
A.the kind of person you are and your attitudes.
B.your knowledge and counseling skills.
C.your body language and facial expressions.
D.your credentials.
Q:
Jane assumes that most people don"t want to change and that the best way to get through the client's resistance is to employ very directive and highly confrontational techniques. Holding these beliefs, she
A.is ineffective in helping others and should leave the field.
B.may have worked with resistant clients over the years and may be generalizing that behavior to all clients.
C.will be more successful than if she adopted a less directive approach.
D.is rigidly holding these assumptions and will be unable to modify them.
Q:
Effective helpers
A.hold positive beliefs about people.
B.ground their interventions in values.
C.are respectful of cultural differences.
D.have a healthy self-concept.
E.all of the above
Q:
Some mental health professionals oppose a diagnostic model on the assumption that this approach labels and stigmatizes clients.
Q:
Diagnosis, which is sometimes part of the assessment process, consists of identifying a specific psychological or behavioral problem based on a pattern of symptoms.
Q:
It is essential that an assessment be completed during the intake interview, for if this is not done, there is no basis to determine which treatment strategies to use.
Q:
Clients who rely on their intellect much of the time tend to be defensive, yet those who constantly express emotions may also be using their behavior as a defense.
Q:
When the Coreys discuss involuntary clients, they are always referring to court mandated clients.
Q:
Anxiety can render an intern unable to pay attention to the client; thus, interns who feel anxious should find a new professional path to follow.
Q:
You can never become too invested in getting well-defended clients to change.
Q:
Transference is a phenomenon that occurs in long-term psychotherapy, but does not occur in brief therapy.
Q:
It is highly unlikely that a client who views his therapist with great admiration and affection will also feel ambivalent about him.
Q:
Anxiety can be a normal reaction to facing a new or threatening situation.
Q:
Clients who talk excessively often are displaying resistance.
Q:
Resistant clients often make helpers feel incompetent and bring out their feelings of inadequacy and anger.
Q:
The best way to handle a client's resistance is for the helper to confront the client in an abrasive manner so that he or she is caught off guard.
Q:
Self-knowledge is the helper's most basic tool in dealing effectively with transference and countertransference.
Q:
A sign of a competent counselor is the ability to eliminate countertransference reactions altogether.
Q:
Helpers who work with the seriously ill or dying are particularly vulnerable to the effects of countertransference.
Q:
Practitioners who have feelings toward a client can be certain that they are experiencing countertransference reactions.
Q:
Countertransference is an indication that a therapist has major personality problems.
Q:
Clients who make demands on helpers and who are unable to recognize boundaries often exhibit transference reactions.
Q:
Recognizing and dealing therapeutically with transference and countertransference are major concerns for most practitioners.
Q:
If clients will not let themselves get emotionally close to you, it means that
A.they are picking up on your emotional unavailability.
B.they have been abused as children.
C.they have serious pathology, such as schizoid tendencies.
D.none of the above.
Q:
If clients have an expectation that you will take care of them in ways that their parents never did, it probably means that
A.they are delusional.
B.they are experiencing countertransference.
C.they are experiencing transference.
D.you have offered them false promises.
Q:
The Corey's encourage trainees to approach resistive behaviors with
A.impatience and judgment.
B.interest and respect.
C.complete neutrality.
D.intermittent reinforcement.
E.a hidden agenda.
Q:
Which of the statements below is not true about transference?
A.It usually operates on an unconscious level.
B.It constitutes a repetition of past material in the present.
C.It causes a distortion in the way clients perceive and react to the counselor.
D.It provides clients with clarity about the real relationship they have with the counselor.
Q:
To what is the following statement referring? "It reflects the deep patterning of old experiences in relationships as they emerge in current life."
A.transference
B.obsessive compulsive disorder
C.psychosis
D.relational de j vu
Q:
If you had a client who appeared to work very hard at getting you to push him or her away, what would be the most therapeutic way of dealing with this situation?
A.Explore with the client how this behavior could be serving him or her.
B.Let the client know that you are aware of his or her games and that you refuse to be manipulated.
C.Tell your client that if this pattern continues, you"ll certainly discontinue seeing him or her.
D.Refer the client to another helper.
E.Blame yourself for being deserving of this kind of treatment.
Q:
Which of the following is least likely to be an example of a transference situation?
A.Clients who make you into something you are not.
B.Clients who want information about the helping process.
C.Clients who displace anger onto you.
D.Clients who are not able to accept boundaries.
E.Clients who easily fall in love with you.
Q:
It is useful to think of resistance as:
A.something to be gotten around quickly so that clients can change.
B.a client's stubborn attempt to remain in safe ways.
C.a phenomenon that will destroy a working relationship.
D.the very material that can productively be explored in the helping relationship.
E.as the fault of an ineffective helper.
Q:
_____ refers to a variety of behaviors that is sometimes associated with difficult clients, but which needs to be understood and explored in the helping relationship.
A.Transference
B.Countertransference
C.Resistance
D.Confrontation
Q:
_____ refers to the unconscious process whereby clients project onto a helper past feelings or attitudes they had toward significant people in their lives.
A.Transference
B.Countertransference
C.Resistance
D.Confrontation
Q:
_____ refers to the unrealistic reactions that therapists have toward their clients, which are likely to interfere with their objectivity in the counseling process.
A.Transference
B.Countertransference
C.Resistance
D.Confrontation
Q:
John seeks your help because his wife has threatened to leave him if he doesn"t improve his communication. He tells you that he is a loner and that his wife knew that when she married him. John claims that their marriage is fine and is there only to appease his wife. An ineffective way to deal with John would be to
A.challenge his attitude, in order to break down his defenses and look at the part he is playing in the breakdown of the relationship.
B.ask John how he is being affected by his wife's problems, which may lead to problems that he wants to deny.
C.direct your questioning to how John felt when he approached the office for the counseling session.
D.ask John what areas he thinks that his wife needs help with.
Q:
Michael is seeking counseling because he is lonely and is looking for ways to meet people. You suggest various places to meet others, yet each suggestion is met with a "Yes, but" response. Frustrated, you sense that you are working harder than Michael to generate solutions. You should
A.tell him how frustrated and discouraged you feel.
B.renegotiate with the client what he wants.
C.continue to suggest other alternatives until Michael reacts positively.
D.refer the client to another person who may offer better suggestions.
Q:
Jane arrives at each weekly counseling session with a disaster. She usually starts each session with, "You won"t believe what happened to me this week" and continues with a litany of woes. The most appropriate counselor response would be:
A.You need to examine the way you thrive on chaos.
B.You must feel overwhelmed by all those problems.
C.Why don"t you sit quietly for a moment and reflect on what is the one concern that is most pressing to you at this time.
D.You need to look at the part you are playing in all these situations.
E.We need to set some goals to overcome some of the adversities in your life.
Q:
The following is a sign to watch in recognizing countertransference:
A.Being quick not to accept certain types of clients.
B.Getting highly emotional and lost in the client's world.
C.Feeling regularly depressed after seeing a particular client.
D.Continually running overtime with certain clients.
E.All of the above.
Q:
Every time Dan arrives at his therapist's office for a session, she runs late because the previous client seems to need extra time at the end of his sessions. Dan is livid and complains quite loudly that he is angry and wants to know why she is always running late for her appointments. You can assume that
A.he is simply manifesting transference and this needs to be processed with Dan.
B.he is exhibiting an irrational response triggered from a past situation.
C.his anger could be a justifiable reaction.
D.Dan is self-centered and wants immediate attention upon his arrival to the office.
Q:
Simply having feelings toward a client
A.automatically means that the helper is having countertransference reactions.
B.may be an indicator that the helper is feeling deep empathy and compassion for the client.
C.indicates that a referral may be in order.
D.is dysfunctional and creates problems in the counseling process that need to be addressed.
E.means that the helper is over-identifying with the client's issues.
Q:
Barbara constantly compliments and attempts to flatter her counselor with statements such as: You"re such a neat person. I"m glad that you"re my counselor. You are the reason that I am feeling better. The best counselor response would be
A.I"m pleased that you see me in a positive light, but more important is the fact that you are feeling better because you are willing to work on yourself and do the things that are necessary for change.
B.I"m glad that I"m your counselor too. We seem to have a good relationship and I seem to be helping you feel better about yourself.
C.It's good to work with a client who appreciates my efforts.
D.I"m sure you would work well with anyone.
E.We make a good team.
Q:
A sign that countertransference may be occurring is when the counselor recognizes that he or she
A.is not easily irritated by the client.
B.feels intense anger toward a person that the counselor hardly knows.
C.allows the pain of the grieving client to be manifested.
D.is aware that the client is typically working much harder than the counselor during the session.
E.usually doesn"t let a client run overtime unless there is a good reason for doing so.
Q:
The following is an example of a counseling situation that could lead to countertransference:
A.You have been a victim of domestic abuse and your male client discloses that he hit his wife because he couldn"t get her to stop nagging him about his drinking.
B.Your client is having problems with her 16-year-old daughter who keeps running away from home. Your own teenage daughter recently did the same thing and you are still reeling from the incident.
C.Your client is having problems making a decision about his career. You remember having similar struggles before deciding to go into the helping field.
D.all of the above
Q:
How people look and feel during late adulthood is more than a matter of physical age, it is largely a matter of attitude.
Q:
Erikson's model is holistic and is based on a psychosocial perspective.
Q:
According to Erikson, crisis implies the unsuccessful resolution of earlier personality conflicts.
Q:
To a large extent, an individual's current life is the result of earlier choices.
Q:
Erikson's model of the stages of human growth and development contends that there is a crisis to be resolved.
Q:
Erikson was the theorist who stated that imagination is a key gift during the first half of middle childhood.
Q:
The self-in-context perspective is limited because it does not take into account race, socioeconomic class, gender, ethnicity, and culture as central factors that influence development throughout the individual's life cycle.
Q:
Family rules generally prevent growth of individuals within a family.
Q:
42. In The Human Odyssey: Navigating the Twelve Stages of Life, Thomas Armstrong (2007) maintains that every stage of life is equally significant and necessary for the welfare of humanity.
Q:
Dysfunctional families are characterized by each member having a separate life.
Q:
The concept of individuation and separation from one's family can easily lead to conflicts in one's family relationships in some cultures.
Q:
39. The notions of individuation, independence, autonomy, and self-determination are values that are for the most part shared by all cultures.
Q:
Individuation is a state of psychological separateness from one's family.
Q:
Family therapists generally assume that it is inevitable that they will meet parts of their family in every other family with whom they have a professional relationship.
Q:
Unless you have identified your own sources of vulnerability and to some extent worked through experiences that may have left you psychologically wounded, you may be constantly triggered by the stories of your clients.
Q:
Bowen was the family therapist and theorist who preferred to engage clients in a rules transformation process.
Q:
Transference makes it extremely difficult for a client to gain insight into how he or she operates in a variety of relationships.
Q:
Transference generally has it roots in a client's unresolved personal conflicts with significant others.
Q:
Identifying and resolving unfinished business related to your family of origin is essential if you hope to establish relationships that do not repeat negative patterns of interaction.
Q:
Boundaries is a term used in family therapy to refer to emotional barriers that protect and enhance the integrity of members of a system.
Q:
As helpers begin to practice counseling, it is likely that many of them will become aware that they are taking on a professional role that resembles the role they played in their family.
Q:
Phyllis, a 35-year old housewife and mother, has returned to college. Her educational experiences have led her to broaden her view of sex roles, although she still feels unsure of herself. Her counselor might conclude that her sex-role foundation is confused and she may have not formed a healthy picture of appropriate feminine behavior during her
A.middle childhood.
B.preschool age.
C.early childhood.
D.adolescence.
Q:
After questioning Joe, the counselor discovers that he has had learning problems all of his life and that school was a painful place since he was constantly taunted by his peers. Joe's fear of new challenges and lack of initiative is a result of failing to achieve mastery over the following task:
A.industry versus inferiority
B.initiative versus guilt
C.autonomy versus shame and doubt
D.trust versus mistrust
E.intimacy versus isolation
Q:
According to Erikson, during the late adulthood stage, in which the task to be accomplished is integrity versus despair, the older adults who have succeeded in achieving ego integrity would not:
A.accept that they have been productive and have coped with whatever failures they faced.
B.concentrate on what they have not done, and yearn for another chance to live in a different way.
C.tend to integrate their past experiences with current realities.
D.necessarily welcome the notion of death, but view it as an inevitable part of the life cycle.
Q:
Nancy, a high school senior, feels pressured by her parents to pursue a nursing degree right after graduation; however, she is uncertain about her future direction. She recently started dating, has developed new friendships, and would like to postpone college to see what it's like to have a life. Nancy is working on which of Erikson's developmental tasks?
A.intimacy versus isolation
B.industry versus inferiority
C.initiative versus guilt
D.identity versus identity confusion
Q:
From Erikson's stage of development perspective, each developmental transition stage:
A.represents a psychosocial crisis, or turning point, when individuals are faced with fulfilling their destinies.
B.builds on the psychological outcomes of earlier stages.
C.has a psychosocial task to be mastered before moving to the next stage.
D.all of the above
Q:
A major problem of the generativity versus stagnation stage can be
A.slipping into secure but deadening ruts and failing to take advantage of opportunities for enriching life.
B.withdrawal from taking an active stance toward life due to guilt over life's failures.
C.dealing with separation from the family system and establishing an identity based on one's own experiences.
D.lack of initiative in establishing and maintaining social relationships.
Q:
Being an integrated person
A.is an ideal to strive for that is almost never achieved.
B.means that you recognize the many and varied aspects of your being and accept both positive and negative sides.
C.was a goal that many people tried to achieve in the 1970's, but is no longer considered realistic.
D.is a concept that is only applicable to those who embrace integrative theories of counseling.
E.none of the above.
Q:
Which of the statements below is not an example of a family rule?
A.Always keep a smile on your face.
B.Have fun only when all the work is finished.
C.Never be angry with your parents.
D.Be obedient.
E.None of the above.
Q:
By studying their own families of origin, helpers are able to
A.be in a position to offer therapy to family members that may not seek professional assistance.
B.improve their own ability to counsel families.
C.completely resolve unfinished business from their own childhood.
D.all of the above
Q:
The rationale for self-exploration and personal therapy for helpers is that
A.if helpers are unaware of issues stemming from their family experiences, they are likely to find ways to avoid acknowledging and dealing with potentially painful areas with their clients.
B.as clients confront events that trigger their pain, memories of helpers' own pain may come forth.
C.both a and b
D.neither of the above
Q:
Family rules include which of the following?
A.myths
B.secrets
C.injunctions
D.all of the above
E.a and b only
Q:
As an abused child, Robin made the early decision that anger was a useless emotion and that she would never allow herself to feel angry. Robin is presently going into the counseling field and realizes that her denial of anger will
A.make it easier for clients to express their anger constructively.
B.contribute to trust on the part of her clients, since she never expresses negative reactions to anything.
C.make it difficult for her to allow clients to express their anger and deal constructively with it.
D.help create a positive climate for the client who fears anger.
Q:
What kind of therapist might want clients to challenge words like "must" and "always" and "never" as irrational?
A.Cognitive
B.Humanistic
C.Psychodynamic
D.Behavioral
E.Existential
Q:
When students are learning about the history of their families, it is important to remember that
A.their commitment to exploration and change may bring discomfort to significant people in their lives.
B.they should avoid adopting an attitude that others should change.
C.self-exploration is a must if the student intends to work with families.
D.a crisis may erupt when the student discovers a family secret.
E.all of the above
Q:
While growing up, Patrick was told to be appropriate, be perfect, and always do his best. Now as an adult, Patrick is rigid socially and devotes most of his energy to his work. Consequently, his wife has threatened to leave him. Patrick is seeking counseling in order to save his marriage. As a counselor, you recognize that his early childhood rules
A.were impossible for him to escape and Patrick had no choice but to accept them.
B.need to be given up so that Patrick can mend his relationship with his wife.
C.can be transformed into something useful and functional.
D.were dysfunctional and he needs to confront his parents about their behavior
E.occurred by observing his parent's behavior and as an adult, he needs to get healthier role models.
Q:
It is important for you to be familiar with your family-of-origin issues if you plan to work with
A.individuals.
B.couples and families
C.groups
D.all of the above
E.a and b only