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Counseling
Q:
Reality therapy is based on the assumption that we are motivated to change when we determine that our behavior is not getting us what we want.
Q:
Cognitive therapy rests on the assumption that feelings are the major determinants of how we think and act.
Q:
Rational emotive behavior therapy utilizes a wide range of cognitive, emotive, and behavioral techniques.
Q:
Although behavior therapists do not emphasize the client-therapist relationship, they consider a good working relationship as an essential precondition for effective therapy.
Q:
A behavior therapist is not interested in collaboratively specifying treatment goals; rather he or she selects treatment goals in concrete and measurable terms.
Q:
A hallmark of behavior therapy is the identification of specific goals at the outset of the therapeutic process.
Q:
Gestalt therapists focus on the "what" and "how" of a client's behavior.
Q:
Gestalt therapy is considered a form of cognitive behavior therapy.
Q:
In the person-centered approach, therapist interpretation is considered important as a way of bringing about change.
Q:
In the person-centered approach, it is the therapist who is the primary agent bringing about change.
Q:
Existential therapists are not bound by any prescribed procedures and can use techniques from other schools.
Q:
The experiential approaches emphasize the quality of the person-to-person encounter in the therapeutic relationship.
Q:
Adlerian therapy tends to have a psycho-educational focus, a present and future orientation, and is a brief, time-limited approach.
Q:
Adlerian therapists explore with clients the basic life tasks.
Q:
The heart of narrative therapy is the concept of social interest.
Q:
For psychoanalytically oriented therapists, both transference and countertransference are central aspects in the relationship.
Q:
Alfred Adler was a pioneer of an approach that is holistic, social, goal oriented, systemic, and humanistic.
Q:
The Adlerian model falls under the category of experiential and relationship oriented approaches.
Q:
Cognitive therapists are continuously active and deliberately interactive with the client.
Q:
In reality therapy, clients are expected to conduct an evaluation of their current behavior to determine if they want to change.
Q:
The WDEP model is part of solution-focused brief therapy.
Q:
Family therapists function as
A.models.
B.teachers.
C.coaches.
D.all of the above.
E.none of the above.
Q:
Which of the following statements is not accurate as it applies to the family-systems approach?
A.Neither the individual nor the family is blamed for a particular dysfunction.
B.A particular family dysfunction is generally caused by the identified patient.
C.The family is empowered through the process of identifying and exploring interaction patterns.
D.If change is to come about in a family or between individual members of a family, the family must be aware of the systems that influence them.
Q:
From a family systems perspective, being a healthy person involves
A.a sense of belonging to your family system.
B.a sense of separateness and individuality.
C.both a and b
D.none of the above
Q:
In narrative therapy, the therapist
A.facilitates a discussion of how a problem has been disrupting, dominating, or discouraging the person.
B.attempts to separate clients from their problems so that they do not adopt a fixed view of their identity.
C.invites the client to co-create an alternative life story.
D.all of the above.
Q:
As a way to put clients in the position of being the experts about their own lives, solution-focused brief therapists
A.adopt a stance of being active and highly directive.
B.adopt a "not knowing" position.
C.place top priority on the I-Thou relationship.
D.conduct an assessment of a client's total behavior.
E.both c and d.
Q:
Which of the following is a technique that is least likely to be used by a solution-focused brief therapist?
A.Active disputation of faulty beliefs
B.Exception questions
C.Scaling questions
D.The miracle question
E.Pre-therapy change
Q:
Which of the following is not a key concept of solution-focused brief therapy?
A.There are exceptions to every problem.
B.This approach disavows the therapist's role of expert and emphasizes a more collaborative and consultative stance.
C.There is a movement from talking about problems to talking about creating solutions.
D.Small changes pave the way for bigger changes.
E.Both transference and countertransference are central aspects in the relationship.
Q:
The overall goal of reality therapy is:
A.to change the way clients think by a process of cognitive restructuring.
B.to help clients find better ways to meet their needs for survival, love, power, freedom, and fun.
C.to eliminate a self-defeating outlook on life and to acquire a more rational and tolerant philosophy.
D.to foster social interest, help client overcome feelings of discouragement, and challenge clients' mistaken notions.
E.to make the unconscious conscious.
Q:
What is the name of the underlying philosophy upon which the practice of reality therapy is based?
A.critical mass theory
B.control theory
C.choice theory
D.crisis theory
E.social learning theory
Q:
Which of the following is least likely to be considered one of the contributions of cognitive therapy?
A.It provides a rich method of exploring the meaning of dreams.
B.It has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of anxiety, phobias, and depression.
C.This approach has received a great deal of attention by clinical researchers.
D.It emphasizes a collaborative effort of both the therapist and client in challenging dysfunctional thinking.
E.Specific cognitive techniques are useful in challenging a client's assumptions and beliefs and in teaching ways to change thinking patterns.
Q:
Which of the following is (ar a shared characteristic of the cognitive behavioral approaches?
A.A collaborative relationship between client and therapist
B.A focus on changing cognitions to produce desired changes in affect and behavior
C.The premise that psychological distress is due to faulty cognitions
D.A generally time-limited and educational treatment of targeted problems.
E.All of the above
Q:
Which of the following is not a contribution of behavior therapy?
A.Assessment and diagnosis are tied to treatment planning.
B.It emphasizes research into and assessment of techniques used, thus providing accountability.
C.Behavioral approaches can be integrated into counseling with culturally diverse client populations.
D.It is a short-term approach that has wide applicability.
E.This approach makes the therapy process relationship-centered rather than technique centered.
Q:
Which of the following is not emphasized by behavior therapy?
A.Past history of a client
B.Precise treatment goals
C.Diverse therapeutic strategies
D.Objective evaluation of therapeutic outcomes
E.Measuring a specific behavior before and after an intervention
Q:
Which of the following is not a contribution of the person-centered approach?
A.It stresses the active role and responsibility of the client.
B.It calls attention to the need to account for a person's inner and subjective experiences.
C.The approach specifies techniques that can be used to treat a wide range of behavioral problems.
D.It sheds light on the value of empathy, understanding, and therapist presence.
E.It highlights the role of therapist's attitudes in bringing about client change.
Q:
The person-centered approach pays most attention to
A.interpretation.
B.diagnosis.
C.directive techniques.
D.active listening.
E.questioning and probing for information.
Q:
Which of the following is not true as it relates to existential therapy?
A.This approach is based on a system of well-defined techniques.
B.It places primary emphasis on the client's current experience.
C.Techniques are tools to help clients become aware of their choices and their potential for action.
D.Therapists are not bound by any prescribed procedures and can use techniques from other therapy approaches.
E.The basic ideas of this approach can be incorporated into practice regardless of the therapist's particular theory.
Q:
Existential therapy places emphasis on
A.working with the faulty belief systems of the client.
B.uncovering early childhood traumatic events.
C.the quality of the client-therapist relationship.
D.a systematic approach to changing behavior.
E.teaching clients cognitive and behavioral coping skills.
Q:
Of the following, the theory that has contributed the most to an understanding of the role and meaning of death and the creative aspects of being alone and choosing for oneself is
A.cognitive therapy.
B.reality therapy.
C.existential therapy.
D.psychoanalytic therapy.
E.Algerian therapy.
Q:
Which of the following is not a contribution of Gestalt therapy?
A.It is a forerunner of the cognitive behavioral approaches.
B.This orientation emphasizes doing and experiencing as opposed to merely talking about problems.
C.The approach provides a creative way of working with dreams in therapy.
D.It gives attention to the verbal and nonverbal messages.
E.It demonstrates the power of working in the here and now.
Q:
Gestalt therapy focuses on all of the following except for
A.bringing unfinished business from the past into the present.
B.objective evaluation of treatment outcomes.
C.direct experiencing.
D.awareness.
E.carrying out experiments as a part of the therapy process.
Q:
Emphasizing the crucial role of the therapist's attitude, which approach most focuses on the therapeutic relationship rather than being technique-centered?
A.Person-centered therapy
B.Adlerian therapy
C.Reality therapy
D.Solution focused brief therapy
E.Behavior therapy
Q:
The therapeutic goal of challenging clients to recognize and accept the freedom they have to be authors of their own lives is associated with which theory?
A.Psychoanalytic therapy
B.Cognitive therapy
C.Solution focused brief therapy
D.Existential therapy
E.Family systems therapy
Q:
Which of the following is not associated with the category of experiential and relationship-oriented approaches?
A.Rational emotive behavior therapy
B.Existential therapy
C.Person-centered therapy
D.Gestalt therapy
Q:
All of the following are concepts associated with Adlerian therapy except for which of the following?
A.Consciousness is the center of personality
B.Social interest is the heart of therapy
C.People are viewed as being creative, active, and decisional
D.Inferiority feelings are the wellspring of creativity
E.The WDEP model generates techniques for this theory
Q:
Which theory most deals with childhood experiences that are reconstructed, explored, and interpreted in therapy?
A.Gestalt therapy
B.Adlerian therapy
C.Psychoanalytic therapy
D.Cognitive therapy
E.None of the above
Q:
Theory is best described as
A.a definite set of structures that prescribes, step by step, what and how helpers should function.
B.a map that gives direction to what a helper says and does.
C.a necessary evil under a managed care system.
D.a definite set of therapy procedures for dealing with specific symptoms or problems.
Q:
Which of the following dimensions do the Coreys stress in their theoretical approach?
A.Thinking
B.Feeling
C.Behaving or doing
D.All of the above
Q:
Which is most true regarding the Coreys' theoretical orientation?
A.They subscribe to a single theory in its totality.
B.They do not have a theory, since a theory often blocks creativity.
C.They function within an integrative framework that they continue to modify as they practice.
D.They define themselves as cognitive-behavior therapists who are committed to short-term interventions.
Q:
If your approach to helping emphasizes clients examining their beliefs about themselves and about their world, your interventions will tend to focus on
A.getting clients to carry out homework assignments as a main way to change behavior.
B.what clients are thinking and the things that they continue to tell themselves.
C.confrontation of a client's resistances.
D.helping clients accept their life circumstances by adjusting to reality.
Q:
If your approach to helping puts emphasis on gaining insight, much of your time with clients will likely be spent in
A.getting clients to examine their cognitions.
B.encouraging clients to identify and express their feelings.
C.exploring the reasons for actions and in interpreting clients' behavior.
D.dealing with what clients are doing now.
Q:
Assessment consists of evaluating the relevant factors in a client's life to identify themes for further exploration in the counseling process.
Q:
Clients need to state their goals in such a manner that both they and the helper will know what changes are desired.
Q:
If helpers are going to confront a client's behavior, they need to earn the right to confront and it is essential that they know their motivations for confronting.
Q:
The aim of confrontation is to cut away at a client's defenses.
Q:
Helper self-disclosure typically detracts from the client's agenda and tends to be inappropriate and unprofessional.
Q:
Contracts are a useful way to evaluate the outcomes of a helping process.
Q:
Helpers should encourage clients to develop plans that they can carry out mainly with the support of others.
Q:
Helping is both an art and a science.
Q:
A helper's orientation to the helping process is largely a function of the helper's beliefs about human nature and about how people change.
Q:
Experts agree that in the not too distant future most managed care programs will not longer exist.
Q:
In a large measure, failure within the professional ranks to control rising costs has contributed to external control by the managed care industry.
Q:
The Coreys suggest that helpers would do well to challenge their assumptions.
Q:
Living in an encapsulated environment and seeing only what confirms your existing belief system is known as
A.selection bias.
B.confirmatory bias.
C.encapsulation bias.
D.hallucinatory bias.
Q:
Before you accept a position in any setting, it is essential that you understand _____because this influences the manner in which the agency functions.
A.the philosophy of the agency
B.the agency's policies about vacations and sick leave
C.what is happening in other local social service organizations
D.all of the internal politics of the agency
Q:
In managed care, third- party payers regulate and control which aspects of the helping services rendered?
A.the duration
B.the quality
C.the cost
D.the terms
E.all of the above
Q:
In a managed care environment the emphasis is on
A.exploration of the client's past to best determine what treatment is needed in the present.
B.making quick assessments of clients' problems.
C.designing brief interventions geared to problematic symptoms.
D.none of the above
E.both b and c
Q:
_____ is a general term covering the process of identifying an emotional or behavioral problem and making a statement about the current status of a client.
A.Assessment
B.A psychological diagnosis
C.An investigation
D.A critical questioning procedure
Q:
During which stage do clients most address specific feelings, thoughts, and behaviors they would most like to change?
A.Stage 1: Establishing a working relationship.
B.Stage 2: Identifying clients' problems.
C.Stage 3: Helping clients create goals.
D.Stage 4: Encouraging clients' exploration and taking action.
E.Stage 5: Termination.
Q:
Conducting an initial assessment generally occurs at which stage of helping?
A.Stage 1: Establishing a working relationship.
B.Stage 2: Identifying clients' problems.
C.Stage 3: Helping clients create goals.
D.Stage 4: Encouraging clients' exploration and taking action.
E.Stage 5: Termination.
Q:
During the first stage of the helping relationship, each is given attention except for which of the following?
A.creating a climate for change
B.establishing the relationships
C.identifying exceptions to one's problems
D.educating clients and obtaining informed consent
Q:
During the initial stage in the helping process, which of the following would be least applicable?
A.Carrying out an action program.
B.Creating a therapeutic climate.
C.Understanding the context.
D.Using self-disclosure appropriately.
E.Encouraging clients to tell their story.
Q:
Of the following statements, which is the one most characteristic of an effective helper?
A.If I can create a therapeutic climate, my clients will tend to change in a positive direction.
B.A sociopath is resistant to therapy and will never change.
C.I"m color blind and can work equally well with any racial or ethnic group.
D.People who are on welfare are basically lazy and really don"t want to work.
E.If clients don"t change, it's their fault, not mine.
Q:
Your orientation to the helping process is most largely a function of
A.your client population.
B.your beliefs about human nature and how people change.
C.the agency's policies where you are employed.
D.the resistances your clients manifest.
Q:
When dealing with someone in crisis, it is important to help the client consider
A.situational supports in which they can draw strength.
B.coping mechanisms such as the actions, behaviors, or environmental resources that clients can use in getting through the crisis.
C.positive and constructive thinking patterns which can substantially change a client's perspective on a problem and lessen stress and anxiety.
D.all of the above
Q:
Effective planning strategies have the following characteristics:
A.Plans should be complex, having generous timelines, and be stated within the limits of the motivation and capabilities of each client.
B.Before taking action, evaluate the plan to determine if it is realistic, attainable, and reflects what the client needs and wants.
C.The counselor needs to take responsibility for determining ways of carrying out plans outside of the helping relationship.
D.Helpers should encourage clients to develop plans that are contingent on others so they can be supported in their efforts.
Q:
Perhaps the most important type of self-disclosure is that which
A.focuses on the relationship between you and your client.
B.involves telling the client detailed stories about your personal past and present problems.
C.concerns issues that you have effectively processed.
D.relate to the client's issues.
Q:
The client comes in for help and seems to be overwhelmed by multiple problems. It would be best to
A.confront the client to look at the discrepancies and distortions in his or her problems.
B.help the client create appropriate goals to deal with many issues simultaneously.
C.encourage the client to gain a focus by exploring key issues in terms of experiences, feelings, and behaviors.
D.identify and assess action strategies to pursue resolutions to his or her numerous problems.
Q:
Robert is working with a new client. He provides attention, active listening, and empathy, while demonstrating respect and genuineness. In order to work effectively with the client, Robert needs to start with the second stage of counseling which is to
A.identify the client's problems.
B.help the client to create goals.
C.encourage the client to take action.
D.get a historical perspective on the client's problems.
Q:
Helpers who have little self-awareness are at best
A.marginally intelligent.
B.skilled technicians.
C.master therapists.
D.paraprofessionals.