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Counseling
Q:
Confidentiality cannot be compromised, even in cases when a client's records are subpoenaed.
Q:
Informed consent is a legal doctrine that is rooted in the law's recognition of the importance of self-determination.
Q:
Practitioners who keep two kinds of client records are guilty of fraud and are highly vulnerable to malpractice suits.
Q:
It is considered below the standard of care to fail to keep current records for all a helper's professional contacts.
Q:
As long as school counselors act in an ethical and reasonable manner, they are protected from legal sanctions.
Q:
In the context of school counseling, protection of confidentiality and privacy is generally not a key concern.
Q:
It is best to involve the inclusion of clients as collaborators in those cases where therapists need to make ethical decisions.
Q:
State laws spell out special circumstances under which confidentiality must be compromised.
Q:
Getting a client's informed consent involves a delicate balance between telling him or her too little and overwhelming the client with too much information too soon.
Q:
Developing a sense of professional and ethical responsibility is a task never completely finished.
Q:
Formal ethical principles can never be substituted for an active, deliberative, and creative approach to meeting ethical responsibilities.
Q:
Ethical codes are necessary and sufficient for the exercise of ethical responsibility.
Q:
It is not necessary for school counselors to inform students they see about the limitations of confidentiality, for if such limitations were made known to students, it is highly unlikely that they would seek counseling.
Q:
The only time mental health professionals can disclose confidential information is in those specific cases where a client authorizes this.
Q:
One of the best precautions against malpractice is personal and professional honesty and openness with clients.
Q:
Poor ethical decisions often result from
A.an inability to view a situation objectively.
B.an inability to view a situation subjectively.
C.prejudices, biases, personal needs, or emotional investment in a situation.
D.both a and c
E.both b and c
Q:
Informal peer monitoring
A.provides an opportunity for corrective interventions.
B.may involve confronting a colleague.
C.is considered a boundary crossing by the professional codes since practitioners are expected to monitor their own, not others' behavior.
D.all of the above
E.a and b
Q:
Which type of helping specialty does not have an affiliation with a professional organization that has a code of ethics?
A.Alcohol and drug abuse counseling
B.Rehabilitation counseling
C.Social work
D.Marriage and family therapy
E.None of the above
Q:
With regard to making ethical decisions, which of the following statements is not true?
A.Reflection, collaboration, and consultation will set you on the path to a decision.
B.You should not feel pressured into making a decision until you feel certain of the outcome.
C.You may not find answers for the complex ethical dilemmas you will face in any single ethical decision-making model.
D.None of the above.
Q:
It is a good idea for helpers to obtain legal consultation about the procedures they use in their practice because
A.most helpers do not possess detailed legal knowledge.
B.awareness of legal rights and responsibilities as they pertain to helping relationships
C.protects clients.
D.awareness of legal rights and responsibilities as they pertain to helping relationships shields practitioners from needless lawsuits arising from negligence or ignorance.
E.all of the above.
Q:
When laws and ethics collide and conflict cannot be avoided, practitioners should
A.obey the law in a manner that minimizes harm to their ethical values.
B.adhere to their ethical values in a manner that minimizes the violation of the law.
C.both a and b.
D.always offer a referral to another practitioner.
Q:
Which of the following statements is false as it applies to managed care?
A.Managed care appears to be alive and well.
B.Managed care presents both ethical and legal issues for professional practice.
C.Practitioners employed by managed care units are exempt from malpractice suits if clients claim that they did not receive the standard of care they required.
D.Because managed care providers take an active role in treatment planning, client confidentiality is compromised.
E.Under managed care, helpers are expected to participate in prevention programs such as stress management and parent education.
Q:
Under managed care programs, termination of therapy is generally the result of
A.company policy.
B.the client's decision.
C.the professional judgment of the therapist.
D.a collaborative process between the therapist and client.
Q:
Under managed care programs, utilization review refers to
A.the use of predefined criteria to evaluate treatment.
B.the appropriateness of therapeutic intervention.
C.therapy effectiveness.
D.all of the above
Q:
Under a managed care system, confidentiality
A.can be assured to clients.
B.is compromised.
C.is handled no differently than in the fee-for-service approach.
D.can be promised to adults, but not to minors.
Q:
Of the following, perhaps the major goal of mental health managed care is:
A.to offer clinicians increased opportunities to have a stable income.
B.to provide clients with the best possible psychological care.
C.to provide services that are as brief as possible to ameliorate presenting problems.
D.to assist clients in getting long-term treatment when that is needed.
Q:
In dealing with an HIV positive client who refuses to disclose his or her condition to a partner,
A.there is a legal duty to warn the partner.
B.there is both a legal and an ethical duty to warn the partner.
C.there is an ethical obligation to take action.
D.a recent court case has determined that professionals have a duty to warn and protect innocent people.
Q:
Clients have a right to know that:
A.the helping relationship will be kept confidential, except in certain circumstances.
B.confidentiality can be guaranteed when counseling families or groups.
C.confidential information will not be shared with others, even with another helping professional.
D.Confidentiality is an absolute, since trust will not be formed if there are any conditions to maintaining confidentiality.
Q:
Regarding incest and child abuse,
A.practitioners have a legal, but not ethical, obligation to report child abuse.
B.mandatory reporting laws are the same for all states.
C.helpers are required to make a report only if they are certain that abuse has taken place or is occurring presently.
D.a report should be filed once a helper has grounds for suspecting abuse.
E.practitioners should not report a situation if the client is adamantly opposed to doing so.
Q:
Regarding informed consent, all of the following are true except for one statement. Which one is false?
A.What and how much to tell clients is determined in part by the clientele.
B.It is a good practice for helpers to employ an educational approach by encouraging clients' questions about the helping relationship.
C.Educating clients about the helping process is something that ought to be completed at the intake session.
D.Dealing with client questions is especially critical at the initial stage of helping.
Q:
Of the following, which is the first step in making an ethical decision?
A.Apply the ethics codes.
B.Consider possible and probable courses of action.
C.Identify the problem or dilemma.
D.Obtain consultation.
E.Explore the consequences of various decisions.
Q:
Regarding following ethics codes, which is false?
A.Ethics codes are partially designed to protect practitioners in cases of malpractice.
B.Compliance with or violation of ethics codes of conduct may be admissible as evidence in some legal proceedings.
C.In a lawsuit, a helper's conduct would probably be judged in comparison with that of other professionals with similar qualifications and duties.
D.If one follows the ethics codes, there is never a case of a conflict between ethical and legal duties.
Q:
Which of the following is not a major purpose of codes of ethics?
A.They educate helpers to the nature of sound ethical practice.
B.They spell out legal aspects of practice.
C.They provide a mechanism for professional accountability.
D.They serve as catalysts for improving practice.
E.They help protect consumers of helping services.
Q:
In dealing with ethical dilemmas, it is important to realize that:
A.there are rarely clear-cut answers to these dilemmas.
B.most problems are complex and defy simple solutions.
C.knowledge of ethics codes is not enough.
D.ethics codes are not dogma, but guidelines.
E.all of the above
Q:
The following is a way to prevent malpractice suits:
A.Make use of informed-consent procedures.
B.Take steps to provide coverage for emergencies when going away.
C.Carefully document a client's treatment plan.
D.Do not barter services, except in cases where this is the cultural norm.
E.All of the above.
Q:
Lois, a first-year intern, is assigned the case of a male client who discloses that he is confused about his sexuality and is plagued with feelings of guilt because his wife of ten years has no idea about his confusion. He reveals that he is tempted to be unfaithful to his wife in order to explore his sexuality. Overwhelmed and uncomfortable, Lois truly does not know how to proceed. It would be best if Lois would
A.remain non-judgmental and deny her discomfort.
B.share her negative reactions about homosexuality and attempt to persuade the client to reconsider his options.
C.meet with the client's wife to let her know what is going on.
D.let the client know that she is very new in this work, is uncertain about how to proceed, and would like to either work with him under close supervision, or refer him to another counselor.
Q:
In light of recent court cases, there is a duty to report when
A.the client is potentially violent.
B.there is a chance that the client might harm him- or herself.
C.child abuse or neglect is imminent.
D.a vulnerable adult is at risk.
E.all of the above
Q:
It may be necessary to make a referral when
A.it is evident that the helper does not have the skills or the responsibility to offer the client the needed services.
B.the client is failing to make progress.
C.personal factors are likely to interfere with a productive working relationship.
D.all of the above
Q:
The following is true concerning ethical issues:
A.Making ethical decisions involves issues of right and wrong.
B.Ethical codes are dogma and can assist you in making the best possible decisions for the benefit of the client.
C.Ethical standards are the same among agencies and institutions.
D.The process of making ethical decisions involves acquiring a tolerance for dealing with gray areas and for coping with ambiguity.
Q:
Since persons with disabilities often have complex issues, it is best to submit an assessment of their needs immediately after your first meeting with them, so they can start receiving services right away.
Q:
Persons with disabilities are often unemployed and underemployed, and many live below the poverty line.
Q:
Overall, persons with disabilities remain the most disenfranchised group in almost every society, regardless of their ethnicity.
Q:
Societal attitudes regarding people with disabilities are really not changing.
Q:
It is essential that helpers develop interventions that are based on the assumption that persons with disabilities have the right to control their own lives.
Q:
Individuals with disabilities may be physically challenged in some way, but these disabilities can often be overcome.
Q:
Multiculturalism has been considered as the third force in the helping professions.
Q:
Helpers who view themselves as being without any stereotypes, biases, and prejudices are underestimating the impact of their socialization.
Q:
Most helpers assume that no effective helping can occur unless clients reveal themselves (engage in self-disclosure) in the helping relationship.
Q:
In a sense, all helping relationships are multicultural.
Q:
The culturally encapsulated counselor defines reality according to one set of cultural assumptions.
Q:
Culturally skilled helpers are convinced that traditional concepts and helping strategies are appropriate for all clients and for all problems.
Q:
Culturally skilled helpers are willing to acknowledge their own racist attitudes, beliefs, and feelings.
Q:
It is realistic to expect that effective helpers will have an in-depth knowledge of all cultural backgrounds.
Q:
Directness and assertiveness are values that all clients will feel comfortable in subscribing to.
Q:
It is essential that helpers understand their assumptions about family values if they hope to effectively work with culturally diverse families.
Q:
There are no cultural implications to using self-disclosure in helping relationships.
Q:
Adopting a multicultural perspective allows us to think about diversity without polarizing issues into right or wrong.
Q:
Psychosocial adjustment services for persons with disabilities are focused on
A.optimizing each person's level of independent functioning.
B.helping them develop positive coping skills.
C.cultivating resiliency strategies.
D.achieving optimal levels of wellness.
E.all of the above.
Q:
_____has resulted in "soul wounding" for persons in diverse groups.
A.Oppression
B.Self-sabotage
C.Transference
D.Countertransference
E.Resistance
Q:
What training experiences are recommended to assist counselors in developing multicultural competence?
A.A course designed to address the interface of professional ethics, multicultural counseling competence, and social justice counseling issues.
B.A broad range of ethical decision-making skills related to multicultural counseling should be integrated throughout the curriculum and infused in all aspects of the training program.
C.Both a and b
D.None of the above.
Q:
Which of the following is not one of the social justice competencies?
A.Engage in self-reflection on issues of race, ethnicity, oppression, power, and privilege in your own life.
B.Become knowledgeable about the ways that oppression and social inequities can operate on individual, societal, and cultural levels.
C.Collaborate with community organizations in partnerships to promote trust, minimize power differentials, and provide culturally relevant services.
D.Maintain one's focus on social justice issues that are relevant within the immediate community, and avoid focusing on international social justice issues, so as to not get distracted from your primary focus.
E.None of the above.
Q:
From a(n) _____ perspective, the goal of helping is to promote the empowerment of people who are marginalized and oppressed in our society.
A.individualistic
B.social interest
C.social justice
D.intrapsychic
Q:
Which of the following statements is not true regarding disability-affirmative therapy?
A.It is designed to help counselors incorporate disability knowledge and culture into the treatment.
B.It often results in overinflating the role of disability in the client's case.
C.Using this approach, the case formulation is developed in such a manner that it does not underestimate the role of disability.
D.none of the above.
Q:
People with disabilities generally report _____more than _____as major impediments in living with a disability.
A.physical barriers; psychosocial issues
B.psychosocial issues; physical barriers
C.physical pain; internalized discrimination
D.body dysmorphic disorder; financial problems
Q:
Historically, much of the language used to refer to "the disability experience," as portrayed in the print and electronic media, has communicated a(n) _____attitude toward persons with disabilities.
A.condescending
B.positive
C.empathic
D.both b and c
Q:
You are a counselor in a job training center and your next client arrives in a wheelchair. She is quite frustrated about not being able to find a job since she got out of college and believes that she is being discriminated against in the job market. It would be safe for you to assume that
A.since she is physically disabled, she may also have emotional problems.
B.her goal of finding employment may be unrealistic.
C.her total dependence on others may be the factor that keeps her from finding a suitable job.
D.her feelings of frustration are probably justified since she may be facing discrimination, even if it is against the law.
Q:
What is an example of a value stressed by the Western perspective?
A.interdependence
B.downplaying individuality
C.independence
D.compliance
E.all of the above
Q:
What is an example of a value stressed by the Eastern perspective?
A.individuality
B.emphasis on losing oneself in the totality of the cosmos
C.competition
D.freedom
E.none of the above
Q:
Which of the following is an example of a demographic variable?
A.socioeconomic background
B.gender, age, and place of residence
C.ethnicity and race
D.religion
E.all of the above
Q:
Ethnographic variables refers to
A.educational background.
B.gender.
C.nationality.
D.place of residence.
E.informal affiliations.
Q:
Multicultural counseling refers to practices that integrate cultural-specific
A.awareness.
B.knowledge.
C.skills.
D.all of the above
Q:
Becoming an ethical and effective helper in a multicultural society is
A.a continuing process, rather than a destination that we reach.
B.just about impossible because of the complex nature of helping diverse client populations.
C.not realistic because of a lack of time.
D.likely to be achieved after taking one course in multicultural aspects of the helping professions.
Q:
Yang, a Southeast Asian student, has come to the college counseling center to explore career options. As the counselor presents career options, Yang makes little eye contact and does not actively respond to the many alternatives placed before him. It is safe to assume that Yang
A.is in disagreement with the manner in which the counselor is presenting optional career choices.
B.does not understand what is being said since English is his second language.
C.is resistant to the ideas being presented.
D.may not be using direct eye contact because in his culture it is considered disrespectful.
Q:
Culturally skilled helpers
A.recognize and understand their own values, ethnocentric attitudes, and assumptions about human behavior.
B.know specifically about their own racial and cultural heritage and how it affects them personally and professionally.
C.have acquired certain skills in working with culturally diverse populations and are able to define goals consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of their clients.
D.all of the above
Q:
Clients with an Eastern orientation are likely to place a high value on
A.directness and exhibit this as a sign of assertiveness and self-respect.
B.self-disclosure to focus on the nature of their problem.
C.family bonds and cultural traditions that emphasize appropriate roles and status.
D.self-determination and independence.
Q:
A comparison of Western and Eastern systems shows some striking differences in value orientations. Individuals coming from a Western culture tend to place prime value on
A.the uniqueness of the individual, self-assertion, and the strengthening of the ego.
B.interdependence and emphasize the losing of oneself in the totality of the cosmos.
C.the family and the community in which one lives.
D.the here and now, spirituality and fatalism.
Q:
Narrative therapy is based partly on examining the stories that people tell and understanding the meaning of the story.
Q:
A key contribution of solution-focused brief therapy is moving away from what is wrong with a person to emphasizing creative possibilities.
Q:
Solution-focused brief therapy does not offer techniques, rather it stresses the importance of the therapeutic relationship.
Q:
An emphasis of reality therapy is on assuming personal responsibility and on dealing with the present.