Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Counseling
Q:
It is impossible to overdose on a benzodiazepine.
a. True
b. False
Q:
What percentage of adults in the western world will use a benzodiazepine each year?a. 1-2 percent b. 5-8 percentc. 10-15 percent d. 20-22 percent
Q:
Describe some of the barbituratelike drugs that have developed since the 1950s. Why were they developed?
Q:
What are some of the potential drug interactions involving barbiturates?
Q:
What are the subjective effects of barbiturates at normal dosage levels?
Q:
Compare and contrast the different classifications of barbiturates.
Q:
Discuss some of the early treatments for anxiety and insomnia.
Q:
Barbiturates cana. induce an amphetamine-like state of mania.b. induce respiration arrest at high dosage levels.c. increase respiration to the point at which it triggers an anxiety attack in persons with ADHD. d. not induce tolerance.
Q:
Barbiturates can _________when used as a hypnotic.a. cause a paradoxical increase in theta wave activity on the EEG while the patient is asleep b. cause an increase in "spindles" and "spikes" seen on the EEG during Stage II sleepc. help the user pass from Stage I to Stage II sleep more easily d. interfere with normal REM sleep
Q:
A(n) _____ is occasionally encountered after a patient takes a barbiturate, even at recommended doses.a. increase in heart rate to possibly dangerous levelsb. paradoxical increase in theta wave activity on the EEG while the patient is awake c. increase in respiration to possibly fatal levelsd. paradoxical rage reaction
Q:
Following medical convention, your text groups the barbiturates together on the basis of their a. degree of NMDA antagonistic action.b. ability to force the GABAa ion channel to remain open.c. ability to enhance the effects of GABAa at the receptor site. d. duration of effect.
Q:
According to your text, the barbituratesa. have a very limited role in modern medicine.b. typically exacerbate seizure disorders in patients predisposed to such conditions. c. are not contraindicated for commercial or civilian pilots.d. are the drug of choice for the aggressive treatment of GABA/NMDA inhibition disorders.
Q:
Which of the following statements is most true?a. Barbiturates continue to be a relatively popular drug of abuse.b. Some physicians are now starting to prescribe barbiturates to avoid the paperwork associated with the prescription of other controlled compounds.c. Barbiturates are frequently abused by professional football players for the drug's ability to control the stress that they experience in major games.d. Barbiturates are a minor ingredient of "energy drinks" to counteract the effects of the caffeine that are their main component.
Q:
At the height of their popularitya. more than one million pounds of barbiturate compounds were manufactured in the United States each year. b. more than one million pounds of barbiturate compounds were manufactured globally.c. barbiturates were only a laboratory curiosity for chemists, without medical application. d. barbiturates were never rejected as an agent for lethal injection.
Q:
Barbituric acid has been found to be a. a potent hallucinogenic.b. twice as strong as diazepam as an anxiolytic compound.c. difficult to digest when consumed with foods that are highly acidic. d. biologically inactive.
Q:
When used at higher than recommended doses, diphenhydramine can induce a state of a. impaired hearing.b. tardive dyskenisia. c. delirium.d. anemia.
Q:
The bromide salts were initially introduced asa. a treatment for insomnia, and later, when it was discovered they also have anti-seizure effects, as an anticonvulsant.b. a treatment for seizures, and later, when it was discovered they help calm the user, as a treatment for anxiety. c. a treatment for gastric distress caused by impure water, until it was discovered they had anti-seizure effects.d. a method of self-discovery by Elizabethan drug abusers.
Q:
Which of the following is one of the major disadvantages of paraldehyde?
a. Cardio-suppressant effects
b. Noxious taste and odor on breath
c. Staining properties on the user's teeth
d. Addictive effects (about half those of) alcohol
Q:
According to your text, chloral hydrate is technically a. a natural cannabinoid.b. a prodrug.c. safe to use in persons with gastric disorders. d. relatively nonaddictive.
Q:
Each year in the U.S., approximately ______of the population will experience at least transitory symptoms of insomnia.a. 33 percent b. 10 percent c. 50 percent d. 25 percent
Q:
Which of the following statements is most accurate of the anxiety disorders?a. They are collectively the most common form of psychiatric diagnosis.b. They are the third most common form of psychiatric diagnosis after depression and psychotic disorders. c. They have no relationship to the sufferers' lifestyles.d. They are always reflected in obsessive-compulsive disorders.
Q:
Barbiturate withdrawal is potentially life threatening. a. Trueb. False
Q:
When an individual overdoses on a barbiturate, they will most likely experience a. a stroke.b. respiratory depression. c. a manic episode.d. a seizure.
Q:
Barbiturates should not be mixed with a. alcohol.b. MAO inhibitors. c. antihistamines.d. all of these answers.
Q:
Barbiturates are helpful to people with ADHD. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Individuals with problems with their _______are especially at risk of experiencing "barbiturate hangovers."a. liverb. kidney c. heart d. lungs
Q:
Jorge has just discontinued use of barbiturates that he was using regularly to help him sleep. He is likely to experiencea. deeper sleep than ever before. b. REM rebound.c. a lack of dreams during his sleep. d. decreased anxiety.
Q:
The use of barbiturates is discouraged because of a. their narrow therapeutic window.b. their inefficacy as a sedative or a hypnotic drug. c. their high lethality in overdose situations.d. their narrow therapeutic window and high lethality in overdose situations.
Q:
When barbiturate molecules are circulated throughout the body, the highest concentrations are found in the a. kidney.b. liver. c. brain.d. liver and brain.
Q:
Barbiturates are used as part of the lethal injection for the death penalty. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Bromide salts are no longer available in the United States.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The dose-dependent effect of the early anxiolytic/hypnotic drugs means they could produce _____ in the user.a. sedation b. sleepc. deathd. all of these
Q:
Coffee consumption may decrease an individual's risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Describe the standard treatment for alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
Q:
Describe the potential symptoms experienced by patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal.
Q:
Describe some of the symptoms associated with WernickeKorsakoff's Disease.
Q:
What are the effects of chronic alcohol use on the liver?
Q:
Describe the "typical" person with an alcohol use disorder.
Q:
The symptoms of mild alcohol withdrawal usually peak in _____hours and then gradually decline in intensity, according to your text.a. 72-96 b. 48-72 c. 24-48 d. 120
Q:
Which of the following is NOT normally seen in the alcohol withdrawal syndrome?a. Seizuresb. Improved problem solving abilities c. Tremord. Vomiting
Q:
Which of the following is NOT true of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome?a. Brain damage during this stage is partly dependent on the duration and intensity of the individual's alcohol use.b. The alcohol withdrawal syndrome is potentially life threatening.c. It reflects the sudden decrease in GABA activity, leaving NMDA to overstimulate the neurons in the brain. d. Tremor is often one of the first manifestations of this condition.
Q:
The heavy, chronic use of alcohol will
a. aid in weight loss in women only, although the reason for this is not known at present.
b. alter the normal pattern of bacterial growth in the mouth, increasing the drinker's risk for pneumonia should these bacteria be aspirated.
c. reduce the effects of sleep apnea as it causes the muscles of the trachea to become more relaxed and less tense.
d. increase the effectiveness of the immune system through the manner in which glucose derived from alcohol biotransformation becomes a source of energy for the white blood cells.
Q:
Approximately ______of alcohol-dependent persons will report having _______, according to your text. a. 20-25 percent; problems making decisions in social settingsb. 30-40 percent; anxiety c. 20-25 percent; anxiety d. 10-30 percent; anxiety
Q:
Alcohol tends to _______ Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. a. enhanceb. reduce c. not alter d. intensify
Q:
Alcohol related "blackouts" area. not inevitable. b. inevitable.c. inevitable, but only if the person develops atrial fibrillation.d. dependent on damage to the prefrontal regions of the amygdala.
Q:
All of the following are true of chronic, heavy, alcohol use EXCEPTa. it increases the individual's risk of cardiovascular disease.b. it enhances the cardioprotective effects first seen with moderate alcohol use. c. it increases the drinker's risk of death from a stroke.d. alcohol is a cardiotoxic compound.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT true for heavy, chronic, alcohol use?
a. It increases the drinker's risk of death from pneumonia by 300700 percent.
b. It can contribute to glossitis.
c. It can contribute to the development of "noninsulin dependent" diabetes.
d. It helps block formation of stomach ulcers by destroying bacteria that were ingested.
Q:
Some persons with an AUD have been known to obtain up to ______of their daily caloric requirement from their drinking.a. 50 percent b. 35 percent c. 15 percent d. 40 percent
Q:
The formation of ______are thought to contribute to the destruction of liver tissue in chronic drinkers. a. free radicalsb. neurotoxins c. glutathioned. c-reactive proteins
Q:
The chronic use of alcohol is the ______cause of liver disease in the U.S.a. least likelyb. second most common c. most commond. third most common
Q:
According to your text, which of the following is NOT an anticipated consequence of the chronic use of alcohol?a. Nutritional deficiencies b. Diarrheac. Inflammation of the pancreasd. Enhanced bone formation by osteoblasts in the body
Q:
According to your text, the average heavy drinker can expect to lose _____ years of potential life to drinking-related diseases or health problems.a. 18-20b. approximately 12 c. 14-15d. up to 25
Q:
In the U.S., alcohol is thought to cause (or at least be a factor in) ______deaths per year. a. 150-175 thousandb. 85-90 thousand c. 35-50 thousandd. approximately 2.5 million
Q:
Under normal conditions, what would you expect from a person with a blood alcohol level of 0.15, according to your text?a. Stupor, lethargy bordering on loss of consciousness b. Mild ataxia, a sense of euphoria or well beingc. Coma, possible respiratory arrest d. Death
Q:
To put the prevalence of alcohol abuse into perspective, your text suggests that _____ episodes of binge drinking take place each year in the United States.a. 10 million b. 100 million c. 500 million d. 1.5 billion
Q:
The first time a person with an alcohol use disorder can typically be expected to experience bio/psycho/social problems because of their drinking is in theira. early to middle 30s. b. late 50s to mid 60s. c. early 40s.d. late 20s to early 30s.
Q:
According to your text ______of adults in the U.S. have engaged in at least one episode of "binge" drinking in the past 12 months. a. 5 percentb. 28 percent c. 15 percentd. 35 percent
Q:
Of those individuals who develop liver steatosis, what percentage go on to develop alcohol-related hepatitis?a. 50-60 percent b. 45-50 percent c. 5-20 percent d. 35-40 percent
Q:
The total economic impact of the alcohol use disorders is thought to be a. $234 billion per year in the United States.b. $234 billion per year around the globe.c. $234 billion per decade in the United States.d. 13 percent of the total amount spent by the U.S. Department of Defense each year.
Q:
Between 80 and 90 percent of persons with an alcohol use disorder will have evidence of a. development of intestinal problem.b. a "fatty" liver.c. development of hypotension. d. development of diverticulitis.
Q:
The typical "skid row" person with an alcohol use disorder represents ______of the total number of persons with such a disorder. a. 40 percentb. 11 percent c. 5 percent d. 3 percent
Q:
Your text suggests that _______of the U.S. population drank to the point of intoxication in the past year. a. 6 percentb. 60 percentc. 35-40 percent d. 90 percent
Q:
According to your text, which continent has the highest percentage of persons who consume alcohol?a. South America b. Asiac. Australia d. Europe
Q:
Globally, alcohol is thought to cause a. twice as many deaths as tobacco.b. the same number of deaths as does tobacco. c. 2.4 million deaths per year.d. 3.8 million deaths per year.
Q:
According to your text, what percentage of the U.S. population will NOT consume alcohol at some point in their lives?a. 15 percent b. 18 percent c. 17 percent d. 10 percent
Q:
_______ are thought to be the most effective treatment for patients suffering from alcohol withdrawal seizures.a. Opioid antagonistsb. Benzodiazapines c. Anti-convulsantsd. Small amounts of alcohol
Q:
WernickeKorsakoff's disease is a potentially fatala. neurological disorder.b. cardiovascular disorder. c. gastrointestinal disorder.d. side effect of cirrhosis of the liver.
Q:
Helga has developed avitaminosis from years of heavy drinking. This means a. she is vitamin deficient.b. her body has been absorbing too many vitamins at a toxic level. c. she has an inflamed stomach.d. she has a dangerously low glutathione level.
Q:
All chronic drinkers will need to continue increasing the amount of alcohol consumed in order to reach a given level of intoxication throughout their lifetime.
a. True
b. False
Q:
People who are alcohol-dependent are thought to lose about _______of potential life as a result of their drinking.a. 6 monthsb. 2 years c. 7 years d. 15 years
Q:
Around the globe, ______million people die from alcohol-related illness or injuries each year. a. 1.1b. 1.75 c. 2.4 d. 4.7
Q:
Rita has grown aware of the fact that her alcohol use is contributing to problems with her health, her work, and her marriage. She has attempted to cut back on her drinking because of this, but cannot seem to reduce her alcohol intake. Rita most likelya. is a social drinker.b. has no problem with her drinking.c. has some sort of alcohol use disorder (AUD). d. has none of these.
Q:
Health care professionals generally accept that _____ 12-ounce cans of beer would need to be consumed daily for 2-3 weeks to produce a physical dependency. a. 5 to 7b. 11 to 15 c. 17 to 20d. 22 to 25
Q:
Describe the characteristics of a rare, or social, drinker.
Q:
Describe the symptoms and treatments for hangovers. What is believed to be the basic causal factor(s) of a hangover?
Q:
What are some of the factors that may affect the blood alcohol level (BAL)?
Q:
Explain what is meant when alcohol is described as a "dirty" compound.
Q:
According to your text, why do people consume alcohol?
Q:
As a physician on duty in the emergency room, you could expecta. alcohol ingestion would make drinkers so relaxed that they would suffer fewer head injuries than nondrinkers in similar automobile accidents.b. about half of the patients you see who have a traumatic injury will have been drinking immediately prior to the incident.c. improved survival rates for drinkers, who would be more likely to be thrown from a vehicle during an accident.d. no relationship between the individual's alcohol use status and his or her having suffered a traumatic injury of some kind.
Q:
There are no significant long-term neurocognitive effects from alcohol because a. it improves blood flow to the cortex of the brain.b. it decreases endorphin release in the cortex of the brain.c. it improves blood oxygenation levels and stimulates the production of free radicals in the brain. d. none of the above.