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Q:
Which of the following analgesic compounds has the longest elimination half life?a. Morphine b. Demerolc. Methadone d. Codeine
Q:
The active agent in codeine isa. codeine itself, without other compounds being involved. b. morphine obtained from biotransformation of codeine.c. able to bind at the opioid sigma receptor site to initiate the blockade of pain signals. d. best absorbed when this compound is injected into muscle tissue.
Q:
Narcotic analgesics currently in use tend to preferentially activate the ______ receptor site in the brain.a. mub. epsilon c. sigma d. delta
Q:
Current theory suggests that narcotic analgesics relieve pain by their ability to a. mimic the actions of opioid peptides.b. counter the effects of the opioid peptides.c. activate the release of serotonin in the amygdala.d. activate the release of massive amounts of acetylcholine in the basal ganglia.
Q:
One function of endogenous opioid molecules released in the amygdala is the a. suppression of the "fight or flight" response.b. initiation of a pleasure response when we do something right. c. suppression of the pleasure response.d. increase in respiration so we will remember what we did more clearly.
Q:
The English word "opium" can be traced to _______ and means "poppy juice."a. Latin b. Greekc. Old English (used prior to 1300 a.d.)d. India
Q:
According to your text, research has demonstrateda. 73 percent of patients report adequate levels of pain control when asked.b. 56 percent of patients experiencing pain achieve adequate levels of analgesia using oral medications alone. c. 73 percent of patients in mild to moderate pain do not receive adequate analgesia.d. the public understands how to control pain better than do physicians.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true?
a. The legal definition of "narcotic" is based on the pharmacological characteristics of that compound.
b. The legal definition of "narcotic" is not based on the pharmacological characteristics of that compound.
c. There is no legal term "narcotic;" the correct legal term is "a compound that produces morphinelike effects."
d. The legal term for "narcotic" applies to every compound that alters the individual's sense of consciousness.
Q:
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the science of pain control?a. There is no objective measure of pain.b. The AST blood test provides a way to measure the average level of pain the individual has experienced in the past week, but cannot be more accurate than this.c. Similar levels of acute trauma will cause the exact same level of pain for different individuals. d. Chronic pain is more easily assessed than is acute pain.
Q:
What is a "chipper?"a. An occasional heroin user b. A methadone addictc. A recovered heroin addictd. Someone who crushes Oxycontin capsules to disengage their time-release effects
Q:
Chronic opioid abuse often results in significant _______ for the user. a. painb. "flashes"c. constipation d. insomnia
Q:
Which of the following is a symptom of heroin abuse?a. Ataxiab. Emotional liability c. Slurred speechd. Nodding off
Q:
Which of the following narcotic analgesics was developed for long-term pain management?a. Codeineb. Oxycodone c. Morphined. Fentanyl
Q:
The methadone molecule is structurally similar to the _______molecule. a. codeineb. sigmac. morphine d. heroin
Q:
The _______ region of the brain has a large number of opioid receptor sites. a. hippocampusb. frontal cortex c. medullad. amygdalae
Q:
In research, volunteers who are not in pain but are given a therapeutic dose of narcotic analgesics usually report feelinga. dysphoria. b. euphoria. c. mania.d. pain.
Q:
Morphine, the active agent in opium, was first isolated in the year a. 1861.b. 1906. c. 1914. d. 1806.
Q:
By the time the Harrison Narcotics Act was passed in 1914a. narcotics abuse was reaching its peak in the United States. b. narcotics abuse had been on the decline for about 10 years.c. narcotics abuse was limited to smoking opium by Chinese immigrants. d. physicians were no longer able to prescribe narcotics to patients.
Q:
By the year 1900, approximately _______ of all Americans were thought to be addicted to narcotics. a. 0.3 percentb. 4 percent c. 3 percent d. 1 percent
Q:
The invention of ______made it possible to rapidly and painlessly introduce morphine directly into the body.a. the capsuleb. codeinec. the hypodermic needle d. the nasal aspirator
Q:
Besides controlling pain, opium can also a. control diarrhea.b. decrease cholesterol.c. increase concentration. d. decrease congestion.
Q:
According to your text, as many as _____ of patients in moderate to severe pain receive less than adequate doses of prescription narcotic analgesics. a. 25 percentb. 51 percent c. 65 percent d. 73 percent
Q:
Discuss the conflicting views regarding the possibility of an "amotivational syndrome."
Q:
Describe the various methods of marijuana abuse.
Q:
Discuss the economic impact of cultivating marijuana annually.
Q:
Is the marijuana consumed today the same as that used in the past? How has it changed?
Q:
Discuss the history of cannabis and why it was cultivated.
Q:
In spite of claims to the contrary, ________ of abusers become addicted to marijuana, according to your text.a. 9 percentb. 3-5 percent c. 1 percentd. 2 percent
Q:
There has been research suggesting that men who smoke marijuana a. experience improved testicular function.b. have a higher incidence of prostate cancer. c. have a higher incidence of bladder cancer.d. have a higher incidence of testicular cancer.
Q:
Chronic marijuana abusers were found to have a ________, according to your text.a. reduction in hippocampal sizeb. increased ventricle sizec. reduction in the size of the corpus collusum d. increased size of the amygdala
Q:
By selectively breeding strains of cannabis to provide plants with higher levels of THC, breeders have also accidentally introduced strains witha. lower levels of CBD, which has an anorexic effect.b. higher levels of CBD, which results in the amotivational syndrome.c. lower levels of CBD, which may contribute to the development of psychosis. d. higher levels of CBD, which enhance marijuana's euphoric effects.
Q:
If a marijuana abuser has already suffered a heart attack, he or she would ________, according to your text. a. be more likely to survive a second heart attackb. be less likely to survive a second heart attack c. be protected from a second heart attackd. not experience any effect on a possible second heart attack
Q:
According to your text, marijuana-related cardiac arrhythmias a. are possible but rare.b. tend to be less severe in persons with cardiovascular disease since they are already taking appropriate medications.c. reflect marijuana-induced anxiety.d. respond well to gentle reassurance that it will pass.
Q:
The anaphylactic reactions seen occasionally when marijuana is abuseda. might be induced by adulterants mixed with the marijuana when it is smoked. b. are a known reaction to the THC in marijuana.c. tend to be less intense when marijuana is ingested orally than when it is smoked. d. are most commonly seen in first-time or inexperienced users.
Q:
Research into the effects of all known compounds in marijuana on the user's braina. has consistently failed to show any adverse effect.b. generally shows only short term damage to the hippocampus region of the brain, which resolves with abstinence.c. reveals long term cognitive impairment for short term or social users. d. is relatively rare and very limited in scope.
Q:
According to your text, marijuana-induced depression a. is seen only in persons with pre-existing depression.b. tends to be short-lived and only rarely requires professional intervention.c. tends to only be seen in abusers who also experience synesthesia after they smoke marijuana. d. is a side effect of oral marijuana ingestion but not of smoking.
Q:
According to your text, marijuana-induced hallucinations a. are relatively uncommon in the U.S.b. are as frequent in the U.S. as they are in countries where higher potency marijuana is used.c. tend to be situation-specific, which is to say consistent with the context in which the marijuana is used. d. are usually seen in the first 30-60 minutes after the individual smokes marijuana.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a probable consequence of chronic marijuana use, according to your text?a. Bronchitisb. Decreased efficiency of the immune system c. Increased release of pancreatic enzymesd. Possible "flashback" experiences from prior LSD use
Q:
According to one study cited in your text, _______when marijuana is smoked.
a. 524 percent is lost in "sidestream" smoke
b. the smoker's body absorbs only 412 percent of available THC
c. 30-80 percent of available THC is destroyed
d. effects depend on the individual's lung capacity
Q:
The combined effects of simultaneous marijuana and cocaine use on the cardiovascular system a. are not known.b. are not dangerous.c. decreases the risk of cocaine-related heart problems. d. increases the heart rate only 10 beats per minute.
Q:
The analgesic potential of marijuana is thought to bea. twice that of morphine.b. twice that of heroin.c. half that of codeine.d. about the same as codeine.
Q:
In the short time since it was isolated, scientists have concluded that anandamide is involved in the process of all of the following EXCEPTa. specification of new neurons known as pyramidal cells and axon growth. b. control of the body's immune system.c. activation of memory development processes in the brain. d. body temperature regulation.
Q:
According to your text, the first-time or rare marijuana abuser will have metabolites of THC in his or her urine for a. 72-96 hours.b. 30 days. c. 6 months. d. 18 days.
Q:
It is estimated that _______ metabolites of THC are formed during the process of metabolism in the user's body.a. 400 b. 750 c. 100 d. 80
Q:
Marijuana contains _______compounds that are psychoactive.a. at most 15b. 79 known c. 61 or more d. less than 50
Q:
The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937
a. placed a small tax on marijuana, which you paid before buying it and for which you received a stamp on the back of your hand to show that you paid it.
b. placed a small tax on marijuana, which you paid before buying it and for which you received a small postage- stamp-like stamp to show that you paid it.
c. prohibited the use of marijuana except if prescribed by physicians who paid the necessary taxes.
d. required that growers submit small samples of their marijuana to a federal agency, which would determine its quality and place a progressive sales tax on it that was higher for high-quality marijuana.
Q:
Which of the following individuals testified before Congress and asserted that marijuana was as much of a problem in this country as heroin addiction?a. J. Edgar Hoover b. Henry Anslinger c. Harry S. Trumand. George W. Norris
Q:
There is ____that the settlers in Jamestown, VA, grew varieties of the Cannabis sativa family of plants for _____in 1611.a. evidence; recreational purposes b. no evidence; its fiberc. evidence; its fiberd. little evidence; any reason at all
Q:
Anthropological evidence would suggest that some varieties of the Cannabis sativa family of plants have been harvested for their hemp fiber for at least ______ years, plus or minus 500 years.a. 7,000 b. 12,000 c. 15,000 d. 8,000
Q:
The first written reference to the Cannabis sativa family of plants is estimated to be approximately old, plus or minus 500 years.a. 5,000 b. 2,500 c. 1,000 d. 2,000
Q:
Which of the following statements about marijuana is true?a. Marijuana meets the criteria for being an addictive substance. b. Tolerance for marijuana does not develop in users.c. Marijuana abuse can trigger episodes of violence.d. Marijuana seems to increase the strength of cardiac muscle contractions.
Q:
Chronic marijuana smokers experience an increase in a. the size of their hippocampus and amygdala.b. their REM sleep.c. their risk of developing some types of cancer. d. their immune system's effectiveness.
Q:
Second-hand marijuana smoke has been found to contain more toxic chemicals than second-hand tobacco smoke. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Jed has just smoked some marijuana and Bill has just eaten some marijuana brownies. Who is more likely to experience marijuana-induced anxiety?a. Jed b. Billc. Neitherd. They will both experience equal amounts of anxiety.
Q:
Marijuana acts as an effective aphrodisiac. a. Trueb. False
Q:
_______is the main psychoactive compound in marijuana.
a. Psilocybin
b. Endocannabinoid
c. Delta-9-tetrahydro-cannabinol (THC)
d. Anandamide
Q:
Which of the following conditions do some people/researchers/doctors believe may benefit from marijuana use?a. Emphysemab. Multiple sclerosis c. Crohn's diseased. All of these answers
Q:
The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 made the possession of marijuana illegal in the United States. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Discuss the effects of cocaine abuse on emotions and perceptions.
Q:
Discuss the relationship between cocaine abuse and central nervous system damage.
Q:
Describe the various methods of cocaine abuse.
Q:
What are the current medical uses of cocaine?
Q:
Discuss the three distinct cocaine "epidemics" that have occurred in the United States.
Q:
Homicide appears to be the cause of ______percent of the deaths of cocaine abusers who die as a result of their cocaine abuse.a. 10 b. 15 c. 25d. 20
Q:
Cocaine induced cardiac problemsa. follow a fairly predictable pattern of plaque buildup breakdown, leaving the vein wall weakened and vulnerable to rupture.b. do not follow a recognized pattern.c. are seen only in younger abusers of cocaine whose hearts are not used to sudden stress. d. are seen only in older abusers, who have impaired blood flow through cerebral arteries.
Q:
The theory that cocaine use can contribute to liver damagea. has been confirmed by research studies but not widely known by the general public. b. tends to be proven only in abusers who suffer an acute aortic dissection.c. is controversial at this time.d. has only recently been proposed.
Q:
A cocaine abuser's risk of suffering a stroke might be ______ than that of a nonabuser.a. 50 times higher b. 5 times higher c. 30 times higher d. 14 times higher
Q:
Which of the following is not a cardiovascular complication that can result from cocaine abuse?a. Cardiomyopathyb. Sudden aortic dissecton c. Heart attackd. Pulmonary hypotension
Q:
Chronic bronchiolitis is also known as a. cotton fever.b. crack lung.c. skin abscesses that form at injection site from non-sterile needles and lack of adequate sanitary preparation of injection site.d. cocaine-related plaque buildup around the heart.
Q:
Cocaine is a factor in _________ of all deaths that result from illicit drug use, according to your text. a. 10-20 percentb. 30-40 percent c. 40-50 percent d. 50-60 percent
Q:
Following the "flash" or "rush" experience, intravenous cocaine abusers will then experience ______lasting for 10-15 minutes.a. a sense of euphoriab. introversion with new psychological insightsc. extroversion and intense desire to be around others d. extreme vulnerability
Q:
"Insufflation" is a technical term for the process ofa. causing the price of illicit cocaine to go up.b. causing the heart rate to go up after cocaine is injected. c. "snorting" cocaine powder.d. mixing cocaine with water for intravenous injection.
Q:
After periods of prolonged cocaine abuse, the individual will fall into a state of depression that might reach a. anorexic proportions.b. suicidal proportions.c. the point where person wants to substitute other short-acting CNS depressants for cocaine. d. bliss and euphoria.
Q:
Research evidence also suggests that cocaine is able to indirectly activate the ____receptor sites in the brain.a. opioid mu and kappa b. opioid mu and deltac. opioid sigma and epilson d. lamda and mu
Q:
According to your text, the current theory is that cocaine's rewarding effects reflect its ability to influence the _______receptor site in the brain. a. Serotonin 5-HT3b. Dopamine D2 c. Dopamine D1 d. Dopamine D18
Q:
When injected into a blood vessel, the abuser will begin to feel cocaine's effectsa. in 45-60 seconds. b. in 15 seconds.c. in 2-3 minutes. d. almost instantly.
Q:
The half-life of cocaine is thought to be a. 4-5 hours.b. 30-90 minutes. c. 20 minutes.d. dependent on the method by which it is administered.
Q:
According to your text, cocaine's pleasurable effects are thought to reflect its ability to _________ in the brain.a. force the release of dopamine from neurons in the reward systemb. force the release of acetylcholine from neurons involved in the reward cascade c. block the reabsorption of acetylcholine in the limbic system after released. produce metabolites with psychoactive effects
Q:
When abused, cocaine's effects seem to be strongest whena. the blood levels are stable. b. the blood levels are rising. c. the blood levels are falling. d. none of the above.
Q:
It is estimated that _____people in the United States have abused cocaine at least once, according to your text.a. around 30 millionb. an estimated 16 million c. approximately 52 million d. about 21 percent of