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Q:
It is hypothesized that steroids affect the _____receptor in the brain, which is involved with aggression, anxiety and reproduction.a. glucocorticoid b. serotoninc. GABAad. testosterone
Q:
How are steroids administered?a. Intranasally b. Orallyc. Intramuscularlyd. Both orally and intramuscularly
Q:
Steroid abusers include
a. police and security officers.
b. amateur and professional athletes.
c. adolescent girls hoping to lose body fat and get more "toned."
d. all of these answers.
Q:
The term "anabolic" means ______, and the term "androgenic" means _______.a. growth producing; femininizing b. growth producing; masculinizing c. femininizing; muscle buildingd. masculinizing; muscle building
Q:
For male inhalant abusers ________ is a common side effect of their abuse of this class of compounds. a. hair lossb. organic brain damage c. euphoriad. reduction in blood cholesterol levels
Q:
Aspiration of material vomited isa. only seen in those who abuse alcohol and an inhalant simultaneously. b. only seen in those who suffer inhalant-related stomach damage.c. a potential side effect of inhalant abuse.d. an impossibility since the inhalants do not influence the gastrointestinal system.
Q:
According to your text, inhalant-related seizures are a. a sign of impending inhalant-related death.b. usually time-limited and of no significant consequence. c. a very real possibility for the abuser.d. only found in those who suffer cardiac arrhythmias.
Q:
Inhalant-related deatha. usually involves persons who chronically abuse inhalants. b. can occur even with the first episode of inhalant abuse.c. rarely involves cardiac arrhythmias.d. is the result of kidney failure caused by the effects of inhaled compounds.
Q:
Inhalant abusersa. as a group tend to abuse even flammable agents that might be inhaled.b. do not try to heat any compound to cause it to release any fumes that can be abused through inhalation. c. are also exclusively intravenous drug abusers.d. face no risk of death from their abuse of these compounds, since they are so commonly found around the house.
Q:
Inhalant abusers
a. generally keep to the level of exposure limits suggested by the Occupational Health and Safety regulations proposed by the government.
b. tend to inhale their compounds of choice at levels far above those seen when the compound is used as directed.
c. expose themselves to potentially lethal levels of radioactive compounds, which is the main reason inhalant abusers die.
d. are not very adept at finding new substances to abuse as inhalants.
Q:
Which of the following categories of compounds is NOT classified as an inhalant?a. Cocaineb. Fuel fumesc. Spray can propellants d. Solvents
Q:
Inhalantsa. are a class of nontraditional compounds of abuse that, when abused, might alter the individual's sense of reality.b. tend to involve only agents found in the typical home. c. tend to involve only agents found in industrial solvents.d. hold little potential for physical harm since they are eliminated from the body so rapidly.
Q:
According to your text, although there were isolated episodes of inhalant abuse prior to the turn of the last century, it a. gradually evolved into a phenomenon that involved inhaling the fumes of toluene exclusively.b. became more popular in the 1920s when industrial solvents became available for abuse. c. tended to be ignored by the mainstream media until the late 1990s.d. has not continued to be a social problem since other drugs are available to people who would have formerly abused solvents alone.
Q:
In many areas, how is butyl nitrite sold?a. In felt-tipped pensb. As a "room deodorizer" c. In whipped cream cans d. In model airplane glue
Q:
The risk for suicide increases with the increase of inhalant abuse. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Which of the following is a potential health consequence of inhalant abuse?a. Brain damageb. Kidney damagec. Bone marrow damage d. All of these answers
Q:
According to your text, the ratio of male-to-female inhalant abusers is a. 10 boys for every 1 girl.b. 1 boy for every 3 girls.c. 15 boys for every 4 girls.d. unclear, as there is mixed evidence reported.
Q:
Rafael has poured lighter fluid onto a cloth and places the cloth over his mouth and nose. What type of inhalant abuse is he engaging in?a. Bagging b. Sniffing c. Ragging d. Huffing
Q:
The majority of inhalant abusers will go on to develop other drug problems. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The effects of inhalant abuse are compared in your text to what drug category?a. Stimulantsb. CNS depressants c. Hallucinogensd. Marijuana
Q:
What is one of the main advantages of the simple, carbon-based inhalants most commonly used?a. They do not produce any side effects for the user. b. They are legal.c. They are able to cross the blood-brain-barrier extremely rapidly. d. All of these answers are true.
Q:
Inhalant abuse, especially volatile solvent abuse, is difficult to control mostly because a. the users are young.b. the laws that outlaw inhalant abuse are not strong enough. c. there are very few symptoms of the abuse.d. the substances are nearly everywhere.
Q:
According to your text, inhalant abuse is used for what purpose in many poor, "third world" countries?a. To help children stay awake so they can work longer hours b. To help dull the awareness of hungerc. For recreationd. To decrease illness
Q:
The debate concerning whether inhalant abuse may serve as a "gateway" drug is a. still ongoing.b. largely dismissed, the same as is the case with marijuana.c. much better supported in the research than the idea of marijuana as a "gateway" drug.d. dependent on whether the abuse also smokes tobacco.
Q:
Some nitrate compounds are used medicinally to treat
a. asthma.
b. kidneyrelated disorders.
c. skin rashes.
d. heart conditions.
Q:
Nitrous oxide abusers run the risk of death through
a. heart attack.
b. heat exhaustion.
c. hypoxia.
d. stroke.
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the subforms of inhalantrelated disorders listed in the DSM5?
a. Inhalant use disorder
b. Inhalant use ataxia
c. Inhalant intoxication
d. Unspecified inhalantrelated disorder
Q:
Describe how common items are used in the abuse of nitrites.
Q:
Describe the nature of inhalants and why they have not been categorically made illegal by the government.
Q:
Discuss some of the complications induced by inhalant abuse (from both acute and chronic use).
Q:
Describe the various methods used in abusing inhalants.
Q:
An interesting example of inhalant use from history is a. the Oracle at Delphi.b. Songs of Solomon.c. the inspiration for the author of Frankenstein.d. Homer's description of inhalant use in the Iliad.
Q:
List and describe the four patterns of inhalant abuse.
Q:
Which of the following is true for most inhalant abusers according to your text?a. The abuse of these compounds locks them into a cycle of abuse and abstinence that will last for years.b. The adverse consequences of inhalant abuse are such that most abusers just quit to avoid the risks associated with the abuse of these compounds.c. The abuser will move from compounds that induce a less intense "high" to those that induce more intense feelings of euphoria over time.d. The abuse of these compounds is a phase that lasts only 1-2 years and is then discontinued.
Q:
There is no risk of overdose with MDMA.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Describe the history of the development of MDMA. Explain how it became popular as a recreational, though illicit, drug.
Q:
List and describe the three phases of MDMA's subjective effects.
Q:
Discuss the complications associated with PCP abuse, including how it can be an indirect cause of death.
Q:
Describe the time course and subjective effects of an LSD "trip."
Q:
Describe some of the various ways hallucinogenic compounds have been used across time.
Q:
MDMAa. has a narrow "therapeutic" window, so the normal dose is close to the toxic dosage level.b. has no effect on sleep apnea, and might even improve sleep respiration. c. induces better interpersonal boundaries.d. has no effect on the individual's perception of external reality.
Q:
According to your text, MDMA abusers tend to a. usually abuse MDMA continuously.b. experience significant kidney problems.c. interspace periods of active use with periods of abstinence. d. use MDMA in isolation rather than in groups.
Q:
Since the time of its introduction, scientists have discovered that MDMA is a a. mood stabilizer.b. selective serotonin neurotoxin. c. appetite suppressant.d. compound useful in enhancing memory.
Q:
The effects of a single dose of MDMA are usually experienced within a. 30-60 minutes.b. 2 hours.c. 90 minutes. d. 3-4 minutes.
Q:
It is estimated that the worldwide annual production of MDMA is over a. 4 metric tons.b. 6 metric tons. c. 8 metric tons. d. 10 metric tons.
Q:
A distorted sense of time is usually associated with a _______ of phencyclidine. a. high dose of PCP (10 mg or higher)b. oral dosec. low dose of PCP (1-5 mg)d. intermediate level dose (5-10 mg)
Q:
Oral doses of phencyclidine produce their first effects in a. 30 minutes.b. 2 minutes. c. 2 hours.d. 90 minutes.
Q:
Between ______percent of LSD abusers will experience at least one "flashback" episode.a. 12 and 22 b. 15 and 45 c. 15 and 77 d. 80 and 85
Q:
You know a friend recently ingested LSD. Your friend suddenly starts to cry uncontrollably. Based on your reading, you would assume that your friend is in the ______ phase of the LSD experience.a. third b. firstc. second d. fourth
Q:
Which of the following is NOT one of the negative effects one could expect to experience in the first phase of the LSD "trip?"a. Tachycardiab. Dilation of the pupilsc. Increased blood pressure d. Hypersomnia
Q:
According to your text, phencyclidine tends to accumulate in a. adipose tissues.b. pancreatic tissues. c. bone marrow.d. blood vessel walls.
Q:
According to your textbook, which of the following is NOT a likely consequence of PCP abuse?
a. Period of weight gain after recovery from the drug's effects
b. Suicidal depression following PCP abuse
c. Assaultiveness during the acute phase of PCP's effects
d. Psychotic reaction
Q:
The lethal dosage level of LSD is a. not known.b. approximately 150 times the effective dose.c. approximately 2,000 times the effective dose.d. approximately 8,000 micrograms per kilogram of body weight.
Q:
LSD-induced hallucinations most commonly begin _______after the compound is ingested by the user. a. within 60 minutesb. within 4 hours c. within 12 hoursd. within 3-6 seconds
Q:
Approximately ________ compounds have been found in various plants that have a psychogenic effect:a. 10,000 b. 50c. 100d. 1,000
Q:
The "consent for participation in experiment" forms that the United States Army had test subjects sign prior to theirinvolvement in experiments involving hallucinogens in the 1950sa. were lost in the fires that resulted from the September 11 attack on the Pentagon. b. did not ever exist.c. were not specific to research involving chemical warfare agents; therefore, the recruits were entitled to monetary settlement after a class action lawsuit.d. were filled out and filed with the CIA, not the Army, and the CIA retains custody of these forms.
Q:
There are no known medical applications for any hallucinogens at this time. Which of the following statements is also true?
a. There is ongoing research to determine whether there might possibly be a medicinal value to a compound in natural hallucinogens.
b. The Drug Enforcement Administration is the main source of funding for such research, which means virtually no research will be done in this area according to your text.
c. Their use as herbal medicines is limited to the indigenous peoples of Alaska.
d. There will never be any such research because of their status as agents used in religious ceremonies for certain indigenous peoples in North America.
Q:
Anthropologists believe that the peyote cactus has been used for religious ceremonies for at least a. 15,000 years.b. 12,000 years. c. 8,000 years. d. 4,000 years.
Q:
According to your text, one plant with psychoactive effects not often thought of as falling into this category is a. coca plants.b. tobacco plants.c. Aspen tree bark. d. wild corn stalks.
Q:
There is controversy regarding whether MDMA causes long-term a. dehydration.b. heart disease. c. hypothermia.d. cognitive impairment.
Q:
The most common route of administration of MDMA is a. inhaling.b. intranasally. c. orally.d. intravenously.
Q:
Gemma is at a party and tells you she is experiencing a profound sense of euphoria, extreme closeness to every other human and animal on the planet, and increased energy. She tells you she's never felt so good about herself in her life. You notice that she is sucking on a baby pacifier. Gemma is most likely using which of the following hallucinogens?
a. Phencyclidine
b. "Magic mushrooms"
c. MDMA
d. LSD
Q:
Rodney occasionally uses hallucinogens. At a party one night, he tells you he is feeling immense power and that his arms are no longer connected to his body. Later that night, he seems extremely irritable and gets into a fight with some of the other partygoers. Rodney is most likely using which of the following hallucinogens?
a. Phencyclidine
b. "Magic mushrooms"
c. MDMA
d. LSD
Q:
Case reports suggest that using LSD with ______ might bring on LSDrelated "flashbacks."a. benzodiazepines b. barbituratesc. SSRIs d. aspirin
Q:
LSD is chemically similar to which neurotransmitter?a. Serotonin b. GABAc. Dopamined. Acetylcholine
Q:
What is the most common route of administration for LSD?a. Inhalationb. Intranasally c. Orallyd. Intravenously
Q:
In 1943, scientist Albert Hoffman discovered LSD from a. fenfluramine.b. the belladonna plant. c. a mushroom.d. a rye fungus.
Q:
The compound found in certain mushrooms used for their hallucinogenic effect is a. phencyclidine.b. psilocybin. c. peyote.d. ergot.
Q:
Why is heroin considered more potent than morphine, from which it is derived?
Q:
Discuss the influences on neuroadaptation to narcotic analgesics.
Q:
Discuss the reasons behind and the need for developing synthetic opioid narcotics.
Q:
Explain how the distribution of opioid receptors across the brain results in the wide range of effects.
Q:
Describe the current medical uses for narcotic analgesics.
Q:
The uncomplicated narcotic withdrawal syndrome a. is usually fatal unless supervised by a physician.b. usually is no more uncomfortable than a bad case of the flu.c. raises the individual's risk for viral infections such as influenza.d. is more intense in oral abusers of narcotics.
Q:
According to your text, one in three to one in four opioid abusers will a. develop cardiomyopathy.b. become addicted.c. develop classic pinpoint pupils.d. call for early refills of prescribed medications to support their addiction.
Q:
Addiction to a narcotica. can develop after just a few days of continuous use.b. requires at least 6 months of continuous use before it develops. c. is seen only in cases of intravenous drug abuse.d. is most often seen in heroin addiction.
Q:
A long-term opioid addicta. will rarely experience constipation since the opioids do not influence the muscle (meiotic) movements of the gastrointestinal tract.b. will become totally tolerant to the respiratory depressant effects of their drug of choice. c. will achieve the "rush" or "flash" experience by switching to another class of drugs.d. is prone to constipation due to the effects of narcotics in the gastrointestinal tract.
Q:
According to your text, narcotic abuse most commonly involves a. heroin.b. demerol.c. the diversion of prescribed medications in the U.S. d. Dilaudid.
Q:
The danger of iatrogenic addiction is
a. estimated to be about 1 in every 14,000 cases when the narcotic analgesic is used for short term control of pain.
b. estimated to be about 1 in every 1,000 cases when the narcotic analgesic is used for short term control of pain.
c. estimated to be about 1 in every 1,400 cases when the narcotic analgesic is used for short term control of pain.
d. determined in part by the patient's age and sex.
Q:
Tolerance to the respiratory depressant effects of narcotic analgesics a. does not completely develop, even with continual use.b. requires 3 months of continual use to completely develop. c. is seen only with longer lasting compounds.d. is seen only in older patients placed on narcotic analgesics.