Q&A Hero

Q: Which of the following likely contributes to higher rates of SUDs within the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender communities?a. Use of drugs for arousal and disinhibition effectsb. Increased negative feedback and stress experienced by members of the GLBT community c. "Gay bars" playing a central role in the GLBTcommunityd. All of these answers

Q: Which of the following subsets make up two-thirds of the older population with AUDs?a. Early onset alcoholism b. Late onset alcoholismc. Late onset exacerbation alcoholism d. Middle onset alcoholism

Q: Hazardous use of alcohol is defined for the elderly as more than drinks in one sitting. a. 2b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

Q: Some of the barriers to treatment of homeless individuals with SUDs include a. difficulty obtaining prescription medications.b. difficulty keeping appointments. c. medical problems.d. all of these answers.

Q: Use amphetamine abuse to explore how the genders often differ in finding ways to secure/support their SUD.

Q: Discuss how women seem more vulnerable to the physical complications brought on by alcohol abuse.

Q: Discuss some of the special considerations that need to be taken into account as far as gender differences in the rehabilitation process.

Q: What is the "convergence" theory? What are the implications of it?

Q: Describe the gender differences in drug use rates and how these have been adjusting over the years.

Q: There is evidence to suggest that women who abuse MDMA are a. less likely to suffer from heat exhaustion than are men.b. less vulnerable to neurological damage then are men because the high progesterone levels at certain points in the menstrual cycle protects them from such damage.c. more impulsive than men.d. more vulnerable to MDMA-induced neurological damage than men.

Q: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is _________ in women who smoke as compared with men. a. more likelyb. less likelyc. equally likely d. rarely seen

Q: Men tend to start to abuse marijuana at a _______than women. a. older ageb. younger age c. equal aged. equal age, but their frequency of use was higher

Q: The risk of addiction for cocainea. is about the same for either sex.b. is higher for men than it is for women. c. is higher for women than it is for men.d. is lower for women who are not pregnant, but is otherwise about the same.

Q: Cocaine abusing women who become pregnant find that theya. require less cocaine to achieve a certain degree of euphoria than they did before becoming pregnant. b. require about as much cocaine as before to achieve the same degree of euphoria.c. require more cocaine than they needed before becoming pregnant to achieve the same degree of euphoria. d. are able to achieve the same degree of euphoria as before only if they also abuse alcohol concurrently.

Q: Women who abuse methamphetaminea. have pre-existing depression in 40 percent of cases.b. have pre-existing anxiety in about 33 percent of cases.c. virtually always report anxiety problems after starting methamphetamine abuse. d. abuse it for its euphoric effects more than anything else.

Q: The ratio of male-to-female methamphetamine abusers is about a. 1:1.b. 2:1. c. 1:2.d. 1:1 for younger age groups, but more disproportionate in older age cohorts.

Q: Women using hormone-based birth controla. will require longer periods of time to biotransform a given amount of alcohol than a woman who had ingested the same amount of alcohol but was not using such birth control.b. will be able to biotransform alcohol as rapidly as a woman who had ingested the same amount of alcohol but was not using hormone based birth control.c. will biotransform alcohol slightly more rapidly than a woman who had ingested the same amount of alcohol but was not using hormone based birth control.d. tend to feel less discomfort during alcohol withdrawal, which is to say they are less likely to experience a "hangover" the next day.

Q: Women with concurrent alcohol use disorders and hepatitis C infections tend to a. live 10 years longer than men with both conditions.b. live 10 years less than men with both conditions. c. be more vulnerable to amenorrhea.d. require just as long to develop cirrhosis as a man with both conditions.

Q: Women tend to be ________as compared to men who drink. a. solitary drinkersb. group drinkersc. found engaging in disruptive behaviors more often d. involved with the legal system more often

Q: Available evidence would suggest that women tend to be _____ to alcohol's negative effects as compared with men.a. more resistiveb. more vulnerable c. equally sensitived. more vulnerable only if pregnant

Q: As a general rule, women who drink will need to consume only _____as much alcohol as a man to become intoxicated.a. 25 percent b. 75 percent c. 60 percent d. 40 percent

Q: Women who abuse cocaine appear toa. enter treatment at an older age than men.b. begin to abuse cocaine at about the same age as men.c. maintain non-problematic cocaine use for longer than men d. begin to abuse cocaine at an earlier age than men.

Q: Compared with women, men suffer from depression a. equally often.b. more often. c. less often.d. less intensely.

Q: An often unrecognized source of drugs of abuse for women with SUDs are a. physicians prescribing a medication in good faith.b. friends who might also have their own substance use disorders. c. illicit drug dealers who cater to women as clients.d. college students who seek to supplement meager earnings by selling drugs to select clients.

Q: Researchers have found that women in rehabilitation programs frequently report that they a. have more physical handicaps than men in treatment.b. were introduced to the drug(s) of abuse by their partners.c. were the one who introduced their partners to the drug(s) of abuse.d. were able to support their substance use disorder without the need to use family funds (grocery money, etc.).

Q: The age distribution for women with substance use disorders suggests that the largest percentage of these women are found in thea. 50 and above age bracket, reflecting the influence of the "hippie" generation on substance use patterns.b. 3549 age bracket as middleaged women adjust to the stress of being in the job market or the "empty nest" syndrome.c. 1218 age bracket, since most adolescents "mature out" of their substance use problems before they become legal adults.d. 18-25 age bracket.

Q: Currently, advertisers have turned toa. women as an untapped market of future alcohol consumers. b. more intensive advertising for older drinkers.c. advertising less expensive brands of liquor for consumers.d. older, more traditional brands of beer for consumers to help them regain their market share from liquor.

Q: A woman who has an alcohol use disorder is _____times as likely to commit suicide as a woman who does not drink, or who drinks socially.a. 20 b. 23 c. 19d. 40

Q: When historians review the phenomenon of "patent" medicines, an often overlooked fact is thata. women who became addicted to these compounds tended to live in urban areas where access to such compounds was easy.b. 10 percent of those who were addicted to these "medicines" were children.c. only 18 percent of the compounds were not harmful to the user. d. one-third of those addicted to these compounds were men.

Q: It is currently believed that ____of women will demonstrate symptoms of a substance use disorder at some point in their lives.a. 15.1 percent b. 12.3 percent c. 7.1 percent d. 4.5 percent

Q: Which of the following statements is true about nicotine replacement therapy and gender?a. Nicotine replacement therapy is more effective for women than for men. b. Nicotine replacement therapy is more effective for men than for women. c. Nicotine replacement therapy is equally as effective for men and women.d. The effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy does not seem to be influenced by gender.

Q: It has been suggested that Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) groups may not be as helpful for women as they are for men. One factor that may play a role in this, according to your text, is that women tend to experience higher levels of _______ than men. a. motivationb. pridec. shamed. social support

Q: The average male with an AUD who enters treatment will have more severe medical problems than the average female with an AUD entering treatment. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following may affect how a woman responds to a drug versus a man?a. Birth control pillsb. Hormones related to her menstrual cycle c. Lower body mass than mend. All of the above

Q: Which of the following statements about women, employment and substance abuse is most true?a. Women are more likely to work in low-status jobs than men.b. Women are more likely to gain notice from employers about unacceptable job performance due to substance abuse than men.c. Women are more likely to have access to Employee Assistance Programs than men. d. All of these answers are true.

Q: Women who have an alcohol abuse disorder are 7 times as likely to suffer from _______ as men with an AUD. a. anxietyb. depressionc. illicit drug abuse disorder d. all of these answers

Q: Which of the following social barriers play a role in making it less likely that women will enter substance abuse rehabilitation than men?a. Having sole custody of children b. Having a spouse with a SUDc. Limited funding for treatment d. All of these answers

Q: According to research, women with a substance abuse disorder are _____more likely to die as a result of their SUD.a. 5-10 percent b. 12-20 percent c. 25-45 percent d. 50-100 percent

Q: Historically, women with substance abuse problems have faced greater social condemnation than men. a. Trueb. False

Q: Data suggests that ______ of women will struggle with a substance abuse disorder at some point in their lives. a. 3.4 percentb. 5.2 percent c. 7.1 percent d. 9.3 percent

Q: What are the effects associated with marijuana use during pregnancy?

Q: Discuss the "crack baby" fears that resulted from the peak years of the last wave of cocaine abuse. Have they panned out?

Q: Discuss the possible effects of smoking during pregnancy.

Q: Describe fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)/fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in terms of the history of the disorder, its effects, and the scope of the problem.

Q: Discuss some of the general issues involving pregnancy and drug/alcohol use.

Q: Aspirin use during pregnancya. has been accepted as standard practice except for women who have the "aspirin triad" of symptoms.b. has been standard practice during the first two trimesters of pregnancy, but not after that. c. is to be avoided except under a physician's supervision.d. is found not to affect fetal blood development and is thus safe for the fetus.

Q: In the not too distant past, opiate withdrawal for the infant born to a woman who was addicted to narcotics a. had a 90 percent mortality rate.b. caused the infant to eat more than normal infants of the same age.c. did not result in a neonatal withdrawal syndrome as the narcotics were unable to cross the placental barrier to enter the fetal circulation.d. was less intense than narcotics withdrawal for the mother, who was usually addicted to opiates longer than 9 months.

Q: The symptoms of early narcotics withdrawal are a. so distinct from those of narcotics addiction/withdrawal that most physicians can tell the difference immediately. b. extremely similar to the symptoms of early pregnancy. c. usually very different for a pregnant woman addicted to narcotics than for a woman of the same age who is pregnant but not addicted to narcotics. d. more intense for the pregnant woman who is addicted to narcotics than for a woman of the same age who is pregnant but not addicted to narcotics.

Q: Marijuana use by a woman who is pregnanta. might possibly interfere with fetal endocannabinoid function.b. has been shown to have no effect on fetal endocannabinoid function. c. might possibly interfere with fetal cardiac development.d. has been shown to interfere with the development of the inner ear structures of the fetus.

Q: The abuse of Salvia Divinorum by a woman prior to and during pregnancy a. is not recommended.b. has been proven to have no effect on the fetus.c. has about the same impact on fetal growth and development as does the abuse of cocaine. d. is twice as dangerous to the fetus as the abuse of cocaine during pregnancy.

Q: It is difficult to identify the effects of maternal cocaine abuse on pregnancy becausea. the last wave of cocaine abuse peaked in the late 1990s, leaving little motivation for foundations to fund research in this area.b. most pregnant cocaine abusers also abuse other compounds known to affect fetal growth and development. c. the infants tend to suffer from sleep apnea following birth, which alters cognitive function.d. the close association between maternal cocaine abuse and sudden infant death syndrome makes it impossible to conduct such research.

Q: Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is thought to account for a. 90 percent of the problem of low birth weight in the United States.b. 35 percent of the problem of perinatal death each year in the United States.c. 15 percent of the problem of maternal malnutrition during pregnancy in the United States. d. 5 percent of the problem of perinatal death each year in the United States.

Q: It has been estimated that _______ of the women who give birth each year in the U.S. smoke cigarettes, and did so during pregnancy.a. 5-15 percent b. 16-30 percent c. 8-10 percentd. 40­-50 percent

Q: Because of developmental immaturity in the liver and organs of elimination, the neonatal withdrawal syndrome for short- and intermediate-acting barbiturates a. usually starts 10-14 days after delivery. b. usually starts within the first 4 days following delivery. c. requires exposure to barbiturate residue in maternal breast milk to be triggered. d. is only seen if the mother has been abusing short-term barbiturates, as long-acting compounds are self- tapering and thus not a problem.

Q: Premature birth _______ of maternal amphetamine use during pregnancy. a. is a possible consequenceb. is usually seen in cases c. is never seen in casesd. is seen in about 50 percent of the cases

Q: The vast pool of research data addressing maternal amphetamine use during pregnancya. suggests that these compounds result in a baby that will be addicted to amphetamines following birth. b. suggests that these compounds make the concurrent use of opioids by the mother less likely.c. does not exist as this has not been the subject of much research in the clinical literature.d. suggests that the long-term effects for the fetus are about the same as maternal opioid addiction during pregnancy.

Q: A danger of disulfiram use during pregnancy is that it mighta. result in higher levels of lead in the fetal circulation, resulting in hepatoxicity. b. result in higher levels of lead in the fetal circulation, resulting in neurotoxicity. c. result in higher levels of ganglioside inhibition in the brain.d. have no effect at all, as the lead in the maternal circulation is unable to cross the placental barrier.

Q: According to your text, ________ meet diagnostic criteria for admission to treatment for a substance use disorder. a. 10 percent of all womenb. 10 percent of all women of childbearing age c. 10 percent of women who are pregnantd. 85 percent of all women of childbearing age

Q: When a pregnant woman ingests alcohol, the blood alcohol level of the fetus will a. reach twice that of the mother's blood alcohol level within 30 minutes.b. reach approximately the same level as the mother's in 15 minutes.c. reach the same level as the mother's blood, but be biotransformed more rapidly by the fetus' liver and then eliminated from the fetal circulation.d. only reach 15 percent of the maternal blood level.

Q: One reason why neonatal exposure to alcohol or the drugs of abuse in the first trimester is potentially dangerous is becausea. this is a time of organ differentiation and rapid growth of these immature organs, making them especially vulnerable to toxins in the fetal circulation.b. although the neonate's liver is fully developed, it is too small to cope with the doses of alcohol or illicit drugs used by an adult.c. the fetus' liver can biotransform these compounds faster than maternal circulation can accept them for transport to the kidneys, forcing them to back up in the fetal circulation.d. these compounds all increase maternal blood flow rates so much that the fetal circulation is overwhelmed and fetal blood pressure rises.

Q: The concentration of THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, is found to be ____ higher in the mother's breast milk than in the mother's blood level.a. 1.5 times b. 3 timesc. 4.5 times d. 6 times

Q: Inhalant abuse during pregnancy seems to be connected to which of the following outcomes?a. Fetal deathb. Ataxia following birth c. Growth retardationd. All of these answers

Q: Preliminary research suggests that congenital growth problems are _____more common in infants of MDMA abusing mothers than normal.a. 2 timesb. 3.5 times c. 5 timesd. 7 times

Q: The authors do not recommend nicotine replacement therapy as a way to help pregnant smokers quit. a. Trueb. False

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of prenatal exposure to amphetamines?a. Visual cortex dysfunction b. Facial abnormalitiesc. Premature birthd. Congenital brain lesions

Q: Alcohol does not pass into a mother's breast milk. a. True b. False

Q: According to your text, what percentage of women use alcohol during pregnancy?a. 1.5 percent b. 25 percentc. 10.8 percent d. 8.10 percent

Q: According to your text, which of the following statements is true?a. There is a relationship between maternal substance use, depression and attempted suicide following birth. b. Scientists have been able to clearly identify a specific pattern in children born to drug-abusing mothers.c. Unless a child develops fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, children born to drug-abusing mothers are not at a higher risk developmentally than children born to non-drug-abusing mothers.d. Most women of childbearing age with substance abuse disorders get the appropriate treatment needed.

Q: The effects of toxins on a fetus, especially during the first trimester, are a. insignificant.b. only concerning if the mother has a substance addiction. c. magnified.d. only concerning if more than one drug is ingested.

Q: What has been found to help reduce the number and severity of drug-induced consequences during pregnancy?a. Prenatal visits with a doctorb. Putting pregnant, drug-abusing women in jailc. Warning labels on alcohol and tobacco products d. Substance abuse treatment

Q: What percentage of pregnant women answered positively when asked if they had used alcohol in the past 30 days in a study cited by your text?a. 4.5 percent b. 5.1 percent c. 8.7 percent d. 7.6 percent

Q: Discuss the connection between cigarette cessation and weight gain.

Q: Explain why smokeless tobacco is not a safe alternative to smoking.

Q: Discuss the evidence to support the dangers of secondhand smoke.

Q: Describe the time course and symptoms experienced with nicotine withdrawal.

Q: Describe the begrudging acceptance on the part of Europe to tobacco.

Q: What percentage of infants who die after discharge from the hospital are found to have been exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke?a. 17 percent b. 72 percent c. 35 percent d. 56 percent

Q: Secondhand cigarette smoke has been found to a. increase plaque formation by 50 percent.b. increase plaque formation by 20 percent. c. not affect plaque formation at all.d. cause a halt in plaque formation until the individual is no longer exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke.

Q: The economic consequences of cigarette smoking have been estimated to be ________ in the United States. a. $3,000 per year for every man, woman and childb. $3,000 per year for every man and woman above the age of 18 c. $3,000 per year for every active smokerd. $400 per year for every man, woman and child

Q: What percentage of all cases of lung cancer are thought to be smoking-related?a. 18 percent b. 28 percent c. 55 percent d. 87 percent