Q&A Hero

Q: Sally is a new recruit in a state correctional academy class. She has no prior knowledge of the criminal justice system and has never been in a prison before. During the first week of class she learns the fundamentals of the criminal justice system and, specifically, the correctional system.Sally has the ultimate goal of working in the office of community supervision that offenders are placed with after a period of incarceration. Which element of the correctional system does she aspire to work in?a. probationb. parolec. jaild. prison

Q: Sally is a new recruit in a state correctional academy class. She has no prior knowledge of the criminal justice system and has never been in a prison before. During the first week of class she learns the fundamentals of the criminal justice system and, specifically, the correctional system.Based on what Sally learned in her first week in the academy, which would not be one of the agencies of justice?a. courtsb. correctionsc. executive branchd. law enforcement

Q: During the sentencing phase in his courtroom, Judge Jones gives a little speech to all the defendants who are found guilty of a crime. He does this to explain to the defendants the goals and the philosophy of punishment.Sam is a 20-year-old college student. He was out one night with some friends. He succumbed to the peer pressure of his new friends, and they decided to vandalize vehicles by smashing in the windows and slicing the tires. Sam has never been in trouble before. His friends with him that night all had lengthy criminal records. The judge decides not to cast out Sam from society. He wants to give Sam the opportunity to remain in good standing and continue with college. Sam is sentenced to community service and is required to pay for the damage of the vehicles. This sentence is based on the goal of:a. deterrence.b. incapacitation.c. rehabilitation.d. restoration.

Q: During the sentencing phase in his courtroom, Judge Jones gives a little speech to all the defendants who are found guilty of a crime. He does this to explain to the defendants the goals and the philosophy of punishment.Janice pleads guilty to grand theft and forgery. She has an addiction to prescription painkillers and stole money from her employer to support her addiction. Judge Jones believes that Janice should be helped and treated rather than condemned and punished. He sentences her to a residential drug treatment program under the supervision of a probation officer. This sentence is based on the goal of sentencing of:a. deterrence.b. incapacitation.c. rehabilitation.d. restoration.

Q: During the sentencing phase in his courtroom, Judge Jones gives a little speech to all the defendants who are found guilty of a crime. He does this to explain to the defendants the goals and the philosophy of punishment.Jerry was found guilty of armed robbery. This is his fourth conviction for the same crime, and he appears to be getting more violent in his attempts. Judge Jones tells Jerry that he is too dangerous to remain free in society and he must be sentenced to prison to restrain him. Judge Jones' reason for his 25-year prison sentence is:a. deterrence.b. incapacitation.c. rehabilitation.d. restoration.

Q: During the sentencing phase in his courtroom, Judge Jones gives a little speech to all the defendants who are found guilty of a crime. He does this to explain to the defendants the goals and the philosophy of punishment.Jane is being sentenced for the crime of vehicular manslaughter. She got into a car accident one morning while she was texting her boyfriend and driving on her way to work. The judge wants to use Jane as an example that texting while driving is very dangerous. He sentences her to five years in prison, hoping that others will be discouraged from also texting while driving. The goal of Jane's punishment is:a. deterrence.b. incapacitation.c. rehabilitation.d. restoration.

Q: During the sentencing phase in his courtroom, Judge Jones gives a little speech to all the defendants who are found guilty of a crime. He does this to explain to the defendants the goals and the philosophy of punishment.Judge Jones invites juveniles into his courtroom during sentencing hearings so they will understand that people who continue to commit crimes will be punished for their actions. He does this because he is a firm believer that punishment should be public. Judge Jones also believes that punishments should be immediate and necessary. Whose principles does Judge Jones advocate?a. Montesquieub. Beccariac. Benthamd. Bell

Q: The United States is now engaging in:a. increased application of the death penalty.b. mass incarceration.c. using criminals as soldiers and offering reduced sentences for service.d. designing underwater prisons.

Q: Prison building is often a boom to many communities who view the institution(s) as:a. environmentally friendly. b. business.c. structurally attractive. d. cheap convict labor.

Q: Which of the following is a challenge facing the ability of corrections to function as a system?a. social costs b. financial costsc. system overload d. all of these

Q: The correctional population continues to:a. stay the same b. declinec. grow d. stagnate

Q: The work of Robert Martinson and colleagues failed to find supportive data for which of the following goals of punishment? a. rehabilitation b. restorative justice c. deterrence d. incapacitation

Q: The justice system is expensive to run because its employees number about:a. 2.4 million. b. 1.5 million.c. 200,000. d. 500,000.

Q: In the United States, there are ____________________ law enforcement agencies than correctional agencies.a. the same number of b. fewerc. significantly mored. none of these choices

Q: The setting of justice policy is aided by the ____________________ branch of governmenta. judicial b. executivec. legislative d. societal

Q: The interpretation of laws is done by the ____________________ branch of government.a. judicial b. executivec. legislative d. societal

Q: Law is created by the ____________________ branch of government.a. judicial b. executivec. legislative d. societal

Q: Which goal of sentencing has its roots in the concept that something has to be done to make amends for the harm or loss caused?a. deterrence b. incapacitationc. rehabilitation d. restoration

Q: Which aspect of sentencing views those who violate the law as "society's victims"?a. deterrence b. incapacitationc. rehabilitation d. restoration

Q: What is the name of the policy that promotes sentencing repeat offenders to long prison terms while granting first-time and nonviolent offenders shorter and more lenient sentences?a. general incapacitation b. selective incapacitationc. general deterrence d. selective deterrence

Q: Which goal of punishment promotes sentencing people to prison to restrain them physically so during the time they are confined society is protected?a. deterrence b. incapacitationc. rehabilitation d. restoration

Q: Which is the goal of punishment that is designed to prevent others from committing similar crimes?a. deterrence b. incapacitationc. rehabilitation d. restoration

Q: Which position on punishment is most closely linked to retribution?a. deterrence b. incapacitationc. just deserts d. restoration

Q: The equity goal of punishment means that convicted offenders must: a. pay back their victims for their loss. b. pay back the justice system for costs related to processing their cases. c. pay back society for the disruptions caused because of their crimes. d. all of these

Q: Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by:a. paying for their crimes. b. learning lessons.c. serving short sentences. d. having charges dropped.

Q: Punishment that is based on "getting even" for violating the social contract is known as:a. retribution. b. restitution.c. rehabilitation. d. deterrence.

Q: The state believes that in order for an offenders' behavior to change, punishment should:a. be degrading. b. be waived.c. occur before a trial. d. teach a lesson.

Q: The ____________________ is the idea that criminality is a sickness that can be cured through psychological intervention. a. medical model b. rehabilitative psychological model c. Pittsburgh model d. Brockway approach

Q: Which of the following is NOT a privately run prison corporation? a. Bayer-Orrick Corporations b. Corrections Corporation of America c. The GEO Company d. Cornell Companies

Q: Which of the following was an early advocate of medical treatment in prisons? a. Howard Gill b. Andrew McCutchen c. Howard Johns d. John Gill

Q: The ____________________ was finished in 1829 and became a model for prisons in several European countries. It had a radial design, with seven wings, each containing 76 cells, radiating from a central hub, where control personnel were stationed.a. Eastern State Penitentiaryb. Westgate State Penitentiaryc. Moundsville State Penitentiaryd. Brockway's House of Reform

Q: Which was the first institution to pay wages to prisoners as a reward for diligence and productivity?a. Eastern State Penitentiary b. Elmira Reformatoryc. Moundsville Penitentiary d. Sing Sing Prison

Q: Who felt strongly about the merits of the reformatory model?a. Zebulon Brockway b. John Howardc. Walter Crofton d. Cesare Becarria

Q: Which penal system is based on the belief that most prisoners would benefit from the experience of incarceration?a. Carolina model b. New York modelc. Pennsylvania model d. Texas model

Q: Which of the following is not a characteristic of the reformatory model? a. housed older offenders who had medical issues b. featured indeterminate sentencing and parole c. classified prisoners d. provided educational and vocational training

Q: A ____________________ is a prison in which persons found guilty of a felony are isolated from normal society.a. bridewell b. house of correctionsc. jail d. penitentiary

Q: Which state led the way in repealing the British laws that the colonists had enacted concerning crime and punishment?a. Georgia b. Marylandc. New York d. Pennsylvania

Q: Who developed the Irish mark system, where inmates could eventually earn early release?a. Zebulon Brockway b. John Howardc. Walter Crofton d. Joseph Antwine

Q: Who was an English sheriff who advocated jail reform?a. Jeremy Bentham b. John Howardc. Frank Connelly d. Alexander Maconochie

Q: The first formal legal code was the:a. Code of Hammurabi. b. Declaration of Independence.c. Magna Carta. d. Twelve Tables.

Q: Where would vagrants, beggars, and delinquents be forced to work by way of discipline and punishment?a. bridewells b. houses of correctionsc. Jesuit house of refuged. monastic confinement

Q: Who believed that the law should accomplish some utilitarian purpose?a. Jeremy Bentham b. John Howardc. Cesare Becarria d. Paul Ambrose

Q: Which of the following were prisons established by the Church in the Middle Ages for those involved in offensive acts such as incest and magic?a. bridewells b. houses of correctionsc. the Citadeld. monastic confinement

Q: Why might it be advantageous for a couple to co-lead a group for couples?

Q: How is hearing from other people dealing with addiction helpful to a client in recovery?

Q: How is a "recovery group" different from a "starting over group" for divorced clients?

Q: Which special skills are helpful for working with older clients, and why?

Q: Explain how the use of a multisensory approach can be helpful to many different group populations?

Q: It is helpful and perhaps essential for a leader of a divorce recovery group to have a thorough knowledge of grief counseling and not be afraid of the emotional pain that may be exhibited when working with recently divorced individuals. a. True b. False

Q: For gay and lesbian couples' groups, as long as the leader has his or her own healthy love relationship, it is not necessary for him or her to know and understand the particular issues facing these couples. a. True b. False

Q: For some children, groups can be much better than individual counseling because groups allow children a place to learn and practice new skills. a. True b. False

Q: When leading couples groups, the leader must be aware that each partner may have a different "agenda" in his or her willingness to be a member of the group. a. True b. False

Q: If tensions arise in a group specifically because of cultural differences among members, the leader may have to focus on these issues before dealing with specific purpose of the group. a. True b. False

Q: It is generally not necessary for leaders of ACOA (adult children of alcoholics) groups to have a strong informational and skill background in addictions because the members will be able to bring that kind of information into the group. a. True b. False

Q: It is important for leaders of "divorce recovery" groups to have members who have a wide ranges of interests and issues to resolve, from grieving over the divorce to meeting someone for a new relationship. a. True b. False

Q: When working with groups of persons who are survivors of sexual abuse, the authors recommend having groups as large as 12 or 14 members so that the members do not feel they are along in their plight. a. True b. False

Q: The leader working with group members with disabilities should be able to help members move through the grieving process. a. True b. False

Q: In general, many older people who choose to participate in groups tend to be more interested in task, educational and support groups rather than personal growth or counseling/therapy groups. a. True b. False

Q: When working with children and adolescents, it is better to use a "leader-oriented" model of leadership than a facilitator model. a. True b. False

Q: Most groups for children deal with values, building social skills, and self-concept issues. a. True b. False

Q: When working with adolescents in group situations, it is best for the leader to maintain control of the group while showing respect for the members and their issues. a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following groups would NOT be appropriate for a school setting? a. Probation or parole b. Assertiveness c. Living with a chemically addicted person d. Study skills

Q: All of the following represent special skills that are necessary for leading groups of children EXCEPT? a. Ability to use a multisensory approach b. Ability to cut off and hold the focus c. Ability to discipline children d. Ability to establish clarity of purpose for the group

Q: Children's groups are usually smaller than adolescent and adult groups because a. they have shorter attention spans b. it is hard for them to maintain focus c. they may have difficulty interacting with one another d. all of the choices

Q: Which of the following is FALSE about leading groups with adolescents? a. Adolescents frequently test the leader's acceptance of their values b. Adolescents often listen to an older leader before listening to their peers c. Adolescents are usually concerned about what they say and confidentiality d. Adolescents will not mind if the leader takes charge and the group is interesting

Q: Which of the following are MOST LIKELY topics that adult children of alcoholics would discuss? a. Guilt and abandonment b. Alienation and friends dying c. Meeting new people and dating d. Social skills building and shyness

Q: Which of the following is TRUE about groups for survivors of sexual abuse? a. The leader is always the survivors' individual therapist b. It is recommended that the leader work with one person at a time during group c. The survivors should discuss the details of their abuse during each group session d. The authors believe that it is important that group therapy begin before individual therapy

Q: Which of the following is FALSE about leading groups of children? a. Having short stories or puppets on hand might be useful b. Doing individual counseling in the group can be very effective c. Using an enthusiastic voice can infuse excitement into the group d. Keeping clarity of purpose allows the leader to process things deeply

Q: Couples' groups provide an opportunity for partners to do each of the following in group EXCEPT a. fight about problems they have. b. strengthen the bond they have rebuilt. c. try different communication techniques. d. hear what other couples are dealing with.

Q: As a leader, preparing for and dealing with feelings of anger is useful for which population? a. Clients with addictions b. Survivors of sexual abuse c. Clients with chronic diseases or disabilities d. All of the choices

Q: According to the authors, which of the following statements is FALSE with regard to leading groups comprised of members from different cultures? a. Leaders must give thought to the individual needs of members in the group. b. People from different cultures may have different ways of being in the group. c. Confusion created by misunderstandings of cultural differences should be clarified. d. Tension due to cultural differences should be ignored in favor of sticking to the purpose of the group.

Q: Leaderless support groups, leader-led support groups, and therapy groups are basic types of groups for which of the following populations? a. Children b. Adolescents c. Adult children of alcoholics (ACOA) d. All of the choices

Q: According to the authors, which of the following members of a group are likely to be separated from their friends and families? a. Older clients b. Clients with addictions c. Clients with chronic diseases or disabilities d. All of the choices

Q: The authors note that patience is needed when working with members who may not be fully committed to their own healing, such as a. adolescents and children b. couples and survivors of sexual abuse c. clients with addictions d. divorced clients and clients with chronic diseases or disabilities

Q: Group Types: A. Clients with addictions B. Adolescents C. ACOA D. Children E. Clients with disabilities F. Couples G. Divorced clients H. Older clients I. Survivors of sexual abuse A leader working with this population will need to have a special understanding of issues such as trust, intimacy, shame, guilt, and abandonment. They must also be prepared to deal with members' pain and anger.

Q: Group Types: A. Clients with addictions B. Adolescents C. ACOA D. Children E. Clients with disabilities F. Couples G. Divorced clients H. Older clients I. Survivors of sexual abuse This population is frequently preoccupied with past events and like to tell stories. For this group of people storytelling may be helpful and make them feel good about themselves.

Q: Group Types: A. Clients with addictions B. Adolescents C. ACOA D. Children E. Clients with disabilities F. Couples G. Divorced clients H. Older clients I. Survivors of sexual abuse A leader working with this population may need to use a lot of enthusiasm in his or her voice. Props, like puppets, are also helpful keep members attention and heighten their understanding.

Q: Group Types: A. Clients with addictions B. Adolescents C. ACOA D. Children E. Clients with disabilities F. Couples G. Divorced clients H. Older clients I. Survivors of sexual abuse Support and therapy are often needed for this population. Groups can help them to voice their pain and to gain the courage to do the difficult work of healing from their victimization.

Q: Group Types: A. Clients with addictions B. Adolescents C. ACOA D. Children E. Clients with disabilities F. Couples G. Divorced clients H. Older clients I. Survivors of sexual abuse These clients may often feel a loss of control as they deal with a change of lifestyle that brings uncertainty to their lives.

Q: Working with adolescents in a group setting, it is important for the leader to use activities that will provide _________________ to the sessions.