Q&A Hero

Q: In order to establish a collaborative relationship, the therapist may have to: a. Actively encourage or facilitate the client's participation and initiative. b. Ask the client to provide more historical information. c. Lead the client towards more affectively relevant material. d. Clarify his or her credentials and competence.

Q: When a jury trial is waived, the decision of guilt or innocence falls upon the: a. judge. b. prosecutor. c. defense attorney. d. all of the participants decide the final verdict.

Q: Which of the following constitutes an open-ended bid? a. "When we talked on the telephone you said you were having trouble with your boss. What is the problem there?" b. "I"d like to begin by learning more about the concerns that have brought you to therapy. What has been the difficulty?" c. "I understand you are having difficulty with your husband. What is the problem?" d. "Your physician has referred you to me for help with your agoraphobia. How long have you had it?"

Q: During trials without juries, the judge:a. rules on appropriateness of conduct. b. settles questions of evidence.c. guides questioning of witnesses. d. all of these choices.

Q: The most important component of the definition of a collaborative process is: a. agreement on shared therapeutic goals by therapist and client. b. establishment of a relationship based on trust, acceptance and competence. c. collaboration on tasks designed to bring about successful outcomes. d. All of the above are correct, all are equally important.

Q: With the number of plea bargains increasing over the past few years, there seems to be a transfer of power in the courtroom to the prosecutor from the:a. media. b. defendant.c. defense attorney. d. judge.

Q: When a collaborative relationship has been established: a. The therapist and client share an active role. b. The therapist maintains a passive role. c. The therapist maintains a directive role. d. The responsibility for therapy rests with the client.

Q: The Interpersonal Process approach is designed for a treatment length of: a. Six to eighteen months. b. Three to five months. c. One to three years. d. Any period of time.

Q: The court actor who is responsible for bringing the state's case against the accused is:a. the judge. b. the prosecutor.c. the defense attorney. d. the probation officer.

Q: Sentence types and lengths are typically created by a:a. police department. b. governor.c. panel of judges. d. legislative body.

Q: Therapist's ability to respond to the unique circumstances of each client and provide the specific interpersonal experiences the client needs to change, illustrates the concept of: a. Early Maladaptive Schema b. Behavioral adaptation c. Transference d. Client response specificity.

Q: What has been done to improve professionalism in the corrections system.

Q: Being personally effected by a client: a. should never happen. b. is a risk a therapist has to take to be effective. c. is a sign that therapy is not working. d. is unethical.

Q: In order to work in the interpersonal process approach, therapists mush shift away from the _____ of what is discussed, and track _____. a. emotional content/subjective meaning b. overt content/relational process c. emotional content/cognitive process d. client's world view/ behavioral consequences

Q: Discuss at least three major challenges affecting the ability of corrections to function.

Q: List and define the four elements of the correctional system.

Q: Sue et al (1998) describe cultural competence in working with clients. This is important because therapists need to know: a. family dynamics are the same in every culture. b. family dynamics are not important in some families of various cultures. c. for many clients it is culturally taboo to speak critically of parents. d. for many clients it is culturally appropriate to be treated as if the color of their skin isn"t important.

Q: What is the difference between specific and general deterrence? Discuss at least two points.

Q: The principal goal of interpersonally oriented therapy is: a. The client experiences a different and more satisfying kind of relationship with the therapist, than he/she has had in the past. b. The client's individuation from his/her family. c. The client's resolution of conflict by eliciting the same response from the therapist as experienced in the past. d. The client's cathartic release.

Q: Provide the justifications for punishment in modern society. Be complete.

Q: One basic reason why familial experience has such a powerful, long-term impact on the individual is: a. The repetition of family transaction patterns. b. The intensity of the affect involved in family transactions. c. The child's basic attachment needs. d. All of the above are correct.

Q: How did the reformatory contribute to the rehabilitation model?

Q: Family homeostasis requires that many patterns of interaction and communication become _____ and _____. a. free floating/independent b. repetitive/independent c. free floating/rule-bound d. repetitive/rule-bound

Q: According to Object Relations Theory, the primary motivation is: a. To establish and maintain emotional ties to parental care-givers. b. To exert control over environmental contingencies. c. To fulfill sexual desire. d. To establish and maintain emotional ties to their peers.

Q: Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania prison model with the Auburn Silent System.

Q: Who was John Howard and how did he contribute to corrections?

Q: The Interpersonal Process Approach is based on which three theories? a. Psychodynamic, Object Relations, and Behavioral. b. Interpersonal, Object Relations, and Family Systems. c. Family Systems, Behavioral, and Psychodynamic. d. Interpersonal, Behavioral, and Family Systems.

Q: Explain the significance of the Pennsylvania Prison Society for the development of corrections.

Q: According to Sullivan's theory _____ is the central motivating force for human behavior. a. sexual desire b. the will to power c. anxiety d. love

Q: According to Harry S. Sullivan's Interpersonal Therapy: a. Personality is a formative tendency to move toward self-actualization. b. Personality is the development of characteristics gained from engaging in reciprocal relationships. c. Personality is a collection of interpersonal strategies employed to avoid or minimize anxiety, ward off disapproval, and maintain self-esteem. d. Personality is a formative tendency to remake or rediscover the self through interpersonal relationships.

Q: Discuss some of the first correctional institutions used prior to the penitentiary.

Q: Discuss the punishments used during the Middle Ages.

Q: The interpersonal process approach can be applied by therapists who choose to work within: a. the same theoretical orientation. b. different theoretical orientations. c. family theories only. d. person centered theories only.

Q: Three suggestions for new therapists to resolve their initial performance anxiety include:a. questioning the unrealistic performance expectations they often place on themselves.b. de-centering and focus more on the client and what the client is really saying.c. requesting active support from their supervisors and instructors.d. all of the above are correct.

Q: Explain the theoretical constructs of the Classical School of thought.

Q: Discuss the three Enlightenment philosophers whose philosophical ideals contributed to modern corrections.

Q: The consequences of prison ____________________ are that it leads to increased inmate defiance and makes prisons more dangerous places to work.

Q: One of the major challenges affecting the ability of corrections to function as a system is overload. a. True b. False

Q: ____________________ is a term given to the high rates of incarceration in the United States.

Q: The ____________________ is the region in the United States with the highest rate of imprisonment.

Q: A formal entry in the record of the court indicating that the prosecutor does not intend to proceed any further in the case is called ____________________.

Q: The ____________________ appropriates funds for criminal justice agencies, thereby shaping their structure and mission.

Q: ____________________ rely on careful analysis of program outcomes using scientifically approved methods and are designed to discover which programs work with which offenders.

Q: The ____________________ means that convicted offenders must pay back their victims for their loss, the justice system for costs related to processing their cases, and society for the disruptions caused because of their crimes.

Q: The ____________________ goal of sentencing is designed to reintegrate the criminal offender back into the community.

Q: The ____________________ aspect of sentencing suggests that people who violate the law are "society's victims."

Q: Identifying high-rate offenders and providing for their long-term incarceration is known as ____________________.

Q: The ____________________ is the idea that punishing one person for his or her criminal acts will discourage others from committing similar acts.

Q: According to the ____________________ philosophy, punishment is justified only when it conforms to what the guilty deserve, no more and no less.

Q: ____________________ developed the "scamp" system at the Norfolk Prison colony in Virginia.

Q: Some lasting contributions of the ____________________ are indeterminate sentences, the payment of inmates for work, the supervision of inmates in the community, and a system of behavior modification.

Q: The ____________________ was finished in 1829 and became a model for prisons in several European countries.

Q: The ____________________ was held in Cincinnati in 1870 to present progressive ideas about corrections.

Q: A ____________________ is a prison in which persons found guilty of a felony are isolated from normal society.

Q: ____________________ was the first English prison reformer.

Q: Houses of corrections run by local authorities to teach habits of industry to vagrants and idlers are known as ____________________.

Q: For African American children, one of every 14 has a parent behind bars on any given day. a. True b. False

Q: Government figures show that an African American male born today has a one in three chance of spending at least a year in prison at some point in his life. a. True b. False

Q: Prison crowding leads to increased inmate defiance and makes prisons more dangerous. a. True b. False

Q: The U.S. prison population has increased nearly fivefold since 1980. a. True b. False

Q: The executive branch has the right to overturn or ban policies that are in conflict with constitutional rights. a. True b. False

Q: Incapacitation is based on being able to predict the future needs of the offender, not on the gravity of the current offense. a. True b. False

Q: The philosophy of general deterrence focuses on the fact that individual offenders should learn firsthand that crime does not pay when they experience harsh criminal penalties. a. True b. False

Q: Restorative justice is grounded in the concept that the government should surrender its control over responses to crime to the victim, the offender, and the community. a. True b. False

Q: The justification for punishment does not express public outrage. a. True b. False

Q: The tactics used to achieve correctional goals have shifted from one generation to the next. a. True b. False

Q: Under the medical model, the prison would become an analogue to the hospital. a. True b. False

Q: The Auburn cellblock became a model for prisons in several European countries. a. True b. False

Q: The first large prisons to hold convicted criminals can be traced back to European dungeons of the Middle Ages. a. True b. False

Q: Maconochie's mark system used in Norfolk Island was politically popular in England. a. True b. False

Q: The harsh environments of the early prisons led to mental breakdowns, suicides, and self-mutilations. a. True b. False

Q: Maconochie succeeded far better than could be anticipated with his "mark" system, but the political unpopularity of what he was doing eventually resulted in his recall to England. a. True b. False

Q: The Irish Mark System, developed by Lawrence Driscoll in 1794, established probation and parole requirements for Irish-born offenders in what were now English-ruled colonies. a. True b. False

Q: John Howard was responsible for building the first prison in the United States, the Heritage House, in Philadelphia Pennsylvania in 1794. a. True b. False

Q: Beccaria and Bentham both believed that the goal of the state should be deterrence, not revenge. a. True b. False

Q: Montesquieu based the legitimacy of criminal sanctions on the social contract. a. True b. False

Q: During the Middle Ages, criminals were seen as menaces to the community and as insults to God. a. True b. False

Q: The corrections academy is intent on producing quality officers who are committed to professionalism. Which of the following is NOT one of the qualities that Sally should possess? a. to treat offenders with dignity and respect b. to be a person committed to a learning model and to be open to new ways of doing things c. to model the behavior of her fellow officers even if they seem to be unethical d. to keep her personal stuff from getting in the way

Q: Sally is a new recruit in a state correctional academy class. She has no prior knowledge of the criminal justice system and has never been in a prison before. During the first week of class she learns the fundamentals of the criminal justice system and, specifically, the correctional system.If Sally graduates from the academy, she will end up working for the state that has the largest correctional population. Which state is this?a. Alaskab. Californiac. Georgiad. New York

Q: Sally is a new recruit in a state correctional academy class. She has no prior knowledge of the criminal justice system and has never been in a prison before. During the first week of class she learns the fundamentals of the criminal justice system and, specifically, the correctional system.Sally is surprised to learn that many suspects are released before trial because the case is dismissed by the prosecutor. This is the practice of:a. nolle prosequi.b. stare decisis.c. habeas corpus.d. writ of certiorari.