Q&A Hero

Q: When the dependent client acts assertively in the session, the therapist provides a corrective emotional experience by: a. Explaining why the client has been dependent in the past. b. Expressing pleasure in the client's stronger stance. c. Suggesting further reading about assertiveness training. d. Counter-asserting their opinion.

Q: The factor most responsible for the fostering of dependence of a client is: a. the length of time of therapy. b. the theoretical model used by the therapist. c. the repeated directing of the course of therapy by the therapist. d. All of the above are correct.

Q: The locus of change in the therapeutic setting must remain ___________ a. entirely with the therapist. b. entirely with the client. c. entirely with the supervisor. d. a shared control or collaborative alliance between therapist and client.

Q: Governor Smith is concerned with the crime rates in his state. He calls a special session of his cabinet and also contacts a few of the state senators to initiate a special session of Congress. Governor Smith wants to specifically address his states sentencing strategies.Currently, the state uses sentencing where the offender can be released early from a correctional institution if he or she has served a required minimum portion of his or her sentence. This type of sentence is known as:a. mandatory minimum sentencing. b. determinate sentencing.c. indeterminate sentencing. d. presumptive sentencing.

Q: Beginning a session by telling the client that, "I would like you to begin each session by bringing up what you want to talk about. I"d like to work on what is most important to you", is an example of: a. Nondirective Therapy. b. Empathic Connection. c. Interpersonal Feedback. d. Shared Control.

Q: Scott was arrested for the crimes of aggravated assault and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. Scott was previously convicted of burglary, theft, assault, and several drug offenses. He previously served a 1-year prison sentence for the burglary conviction. Scott was only out of prison 4 months before he was arrested on these new charges. Prior to his first prison sentence, Scott was on probation for his theft, assault, and drug charges.Scott's 5-year sentence is for a definite term of 5 years. This is the maximum sentenced set in law by the legislature. What type of sentence will Scott be serving?a. mandatory c. indeterminateb. determinate d. presumptive

Q: Supporting the client's own autonomy and initiative is found in a/an ________ rather than a/an ________ a. independence-fostering / dependence-fostering approach. b. dependence-fostering / independence-fostering approach. c. neutral, dispassionate relationship / active, close relationship. d. teacher-student role / helper-helpee dynamic.

Q: Scott was arrested for the crimes of aggravated assault and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. Scott was previously convicted of burglary, theft, assault, and several drug offenses. He previously served a 1-year prison sentence for the burglary conviction. Scott was only out of prison 4 months before he was arrested on these new charges. Prior to his first prison sentence, Scott was on probation for his theft, assault, and drug charges. Scott decided that he was going to reject the plea deal offered by the prosecutor of 2 years in prison. Instead, he opts for a trial, where he is found guilty by a jury after 2 hours of deliberation. The judge imposes a 4-year sentence for the aggravated assault and a 1-year sentence for the possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. The judge informs Scott that the sentences will be imposed at the same time, but they will be served one after the other. Therefore, Scott must serve 5 years in state prison. What type of sentences will Scott be serving? a. concurrent b. consecutive c. simultaneous d. specific

Q: A hierarchical helper-helpee mode of therapy: a. Is an effective mode. b. Shifts responsibility away from the client and onto the therapist. c. Validates the client's concerns. d. Reflects the client's need for help.

Q: Scott was arrested for the crimes of aggravated assault and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. Scott was previously convicted of burglary, theft, assault, and several drug offenses. He previously served a 1-year prison sentence for the burglary conviction. Scott was only out of prison 4 months before he was arrested on these new charges. Prior to his first prison sentence, Scott was on probation for his theft, assault, and drug charges. Assuming that Scott is found guilty, prior to sentencing, who would conduct a presentence investigation? a. the prosecutor b. the judge c. the probation officer d. the jury

Q: Scott was arrested for the crimes of aggravated assault and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. Scott was previously convicted of burglary, theft, assault, and several drug offenses. He previously served a 1-year prison sentence for the burglary conviction. Scott was only out of prison 4 months before he was arrested on these new charges. Prior to his first prison sentence, Scott was on probation for his theft, assault, and drug charges. If the case against Scott goes to trial, who will rule on the appropriateness of conduct, settle questions of evidence, and guide the questioning of witnesses? a. the prosecutor b. the judge c. the probation officer d. the jury

Q: Therapists can develop credibility when working with diverse clients by: a. responding in a manner that is congruent with the client's worldview. b. show they are trustworthy by setting therapeutic goals in a knowledgeable way for the client. c. show they are trustworthy by collaborating with clients on therapeutic goal setting. d. Both a & c are correct.

Q: To identify patterns and themes that cause problems in clients' lives, the therapist: a. tracks their depression to their childhood. b. tracks their anxiety. c. asks the client what they think their patterns and themes are. d. Both a & b are correct.

Q: Scott was arrested for the crimes of aggravated assault and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. Scott was previously convicted of burglary, theft, assault, and several drug offenses. He previously served a 1-year prison sentence for the burglary conviction. Scott was only out of prison 4 months before he was arrested on these new charges. Prior to his first prison sentence, Scott was on probation for his theft, assault, and drug charges. Who will be responsible for enforcing the criminal law by trying to obtain a conviction against Scott for the crime of aggravated assault? a. the prosecutor b. the judge c. the probation officer d. the jury

Q: When the client reenacts a central conflict in therapy: a. It is always damaging to him/her. b. The therapist should encourage transference to better understand the client. c. It is an opportunity to resolve the problem in the therapeutic relationship. d. The therapist and client should focus away from the current interpersonal conflict and developmental sources of it.

Q: Individuals who are more dangerous and more likely to be repeat offenders are referred to as:a. social dynamite b. social misfitsc. social parasites d. social venom

Q: A common reason therapists resist focusing the client inward is: a. Some clients will become angry as they are encouraged to explore conflicts. b. They want to maintain client approval. c. That they confuse being direct with being critical, blaming, or non-supportive. d. All of the above.

Q: Those offenders who are convicted of drug offenses and those who are unable to secure pretrial release are mostly:a. whites. b. women.c. minorities. d. teenagers.

Q: Disparities in sentencing often occur due to:a. social status. b. race.c. gender. d. all of these choices.

Q: In order to focus clients inward, a therapist should: a. Self-disclose. b. Encourage the client not to feel sorry for him/herself. c. Encourage the client to expand and elaborate their fears and concerns. d. Join the client in complaining about others.

Q: Attachment theorists believe that "joining" a client where they are: a. is a type of effective sensitive attunement. b. is more important to the client than giving an intelligent solution to their problem. c. translates into resistance of advice giving by the therapist. d. All of the above are correct.

Q: What is appropriate for a judge to consider in making a sentencing decision?a. defendant's prior record b. defendant's agec. defendant's race d. defendant's income

Q: "Other focused" clients: a. tend to feel anxious, depressed and helpless. b. can resolve their problems by changing their way of responding in conflicted relationships. c. can resolve their problems by assertion training. d. Both a & b are correct.

Q: Most citizens are interested in offenders serving most of their imposed sentence in prison. This is known as:a. truth-in-sentencing. b. presumptive sentencing.c. indeterminate sentencing. d. sentencing guidelines.

Q: Before clients can adopt new, more effective responses to old problems, they must: a. Decrease their attempts to change others. b. Exert more control over others' behaviors. c. Gain more understanding and control of their reactions. d. Both a and c are correct.

Q: To ensure that convicted offenders serve a large portion of their sentence, the U.S. Congress authorized funding for additional state prisons and jails through the ____________________________ of 1994. a. Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act b. Violence Against Women Act c. Federal Lautenberg Act d. Felony Crime Act

Q: When clients begin therapy by externalizing their problems, the therapist must first: a. Direct clients toward an internal focus. b. Acknowledge the complaints as valid concerns. c. Give clients several solution options. d. Find the repetitive relational conflict involved in their interactions.

Q: With the rise of truth-in-sentencing laws, more and more inmates were sentenced to prison and required to serve what percentage of their sentence?a. 35 percent b. 50 percentc. 85 percent d. 95 percent

Q: Which law authorized funding for additional state prisons and jails in order to ensure that convicted offenders serve a large portion of their sentence? a. The Anti-Drug Abuse Act b. The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act c. The Firearm Owner's Protection Act d. The Sentencing Reform Act

Q: In the beginning stage of therapy, most clients see the source of their problems as ________ a. residing "out there" with someone else. b. their own fault. c. financial. d. their Mother's fault.

Q: When clients are threatened by conflicted feelings about continuing therapy, they: a. Feel blamed when the therapist inquires about resistance. b. May begin to come late, miss appointments and drop out. c. Are concerned the therapist is angry or disappointed. d. All of the above.

Q: __________ contribute to overcrowding and longer sentences.a. Sentencing guidelines b. Three strikes lawsc. Truth-in-sentencing laws d. All of these choices

Q: After inviting clients to express their concerns about the therapist or therapy, the therapist must: a. Accept the validity of the client's perception. b. Interpret the theme underlying the concerns. c. Reassure the client by resolving the anxiety. d. Disclose his/her own concerns.

Q: Mandatory life sentences for repeat offenders are popular in many states. These laws are known as:a. indeterminate sentences. b. undeterminate sentences.c. three strikes. d. presumptive sentences.

Q: Which act created the U.S. Sentencing Commission? a. The Anti-Drug Abuse Act b. The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act c. The Firearm Owner's Protection Act d. The Sentencing Reform Act

Q: Therapists want to respond to ambivalence about making first appointments by: a. Addressing it directly. b. Discouraging the client from acting on the ambivalence. c. Accepting the uncertain commitment. d. Both a and b are correct.

Q: The sentence requiring a certain number of years of incarceration for particular crimes is a:a. mandatory minimum sentence. b. indeterminate sentence.c. concurrent sentence. d. consecutive sentence.

Q: An effective response to a client's ambiguity in attending a first session is: a. For the therapist to ignore the client's indecision and schedule the appointment anyway. b. For the therapist to call the client the day before the schedule appointment and remind him/her to attend. c. For the therapist to acknowledge the client's ambiguity and address it directly. d. The therapist should not schedule an appointment with this client; he/she will not show up.

Q: Which Supreme Court case held that federal sentencing guidelines can be taken into consideration by federal judges but that they no longer had to be regarded as mandatory?a. Blakely v. Washington b. United States v. Bookerc. Bell v. Wheeling Jesuit University d. Estep v. United States

Q: By identifying the enduring issues that arise for the client, the therapist will be better prepared to: a. Terminate treatment in a timely manner. b. Solve the enduring issues for the client. c. Maintain a detached position in the therapeutic relationship. d. Center treatment around these repeated themes.

Q: Which of the following is NOT a reason federal sentencing guidelines have been criticized? a. Prosecutors have little use for them because of their harshness and because they shift sentencing authority to judges. b. They were developed with insufficient attention paid to either ethical considerations of basic justice or basic concerns about their efforts on prison populations. c. They are biased against African Americans and Hispanics even though they have the goal or removing discrimination from the sentencing process. d. Defense attorneys believe they result in longer prison terms and prevent judges from considering mitigating circumstances.

Q: A therapist usually knows when a client is resisting treatment when: a. The client has difficulty participating. b. The client becomes confrontive with his/her family. c. The client displays a "moving toward" attitude. d. The client avoids eye-contact during the first session.

Q: The _________________ of 1994 requires a mandatory life sentence for any offender convicted of three felony offenses a. Federal Crime Act b. Harrison Narcotic Act c. Violence Against Women Act d. Violent Crime Act

Q: The most common reason clients prematurely terminate therapy is: a. The therapist reminds the client of a parental figure. b. Clients are acting on rather than talking about their conflicted feelings about entering therapy. c. Client's lives are too busy. d. The client is unable to bond with the therapist.

Q: When did federal sentencing guidelines emerge?a. 1960s b. 1970sc. 1980s d. 1990s

Q: A primary treatment goal for therapists with almost all clients is: a. to "hook" a client into feeling comfortable about therapy by reassuring him/her that everything will be okay. b. to help clients discriminate when certain defensive coping strategies are needed and when they are outdated. c. to help clients see that all old coping strategies are outdated and new ones need to be developed. d. Both a & c are correct.

Q: Sentencing guidelines are: a. often perceived as an improper interference with the role of the judiciary. b. opposed by respected judges. c. both a and b d. none of these choices

Q: Honoring the client's resistance means: a. Reassuring the client. b. Giving reasons for it. c. Reframing it as an adaptive response to a developmental conflict. d. Discussing it logically with the client.

Q: Entering therapy for clients involves both _____ and _____. a. need for relief/benevolent direction b. desire for help/fear and shame c. pain/sorrow d. depression/help-seeking

Q: Which of the following is not a goal of structured sentencing?a. to regulate sentence length b. to curb judicial discretionc. to make sentencing more rational d. to increase gender disparity

Q: Clients often interpret their own resistance as being ______ and want to _______ the topic. a. normal/avoid b. shameful/avoid c. bad/approach d. irrelevant/change

Q: An "assessment function": a. creates more resistance in the client. b. offers a way to assess a client's anxiety level. c. assesses how much resistance the client has. d. helps shape the treatment focus.

Q: Which of the following was not one of the first states to develop presumptive sentencing guidelines?a. Florida b. Pennsylvaniac. Texas d. Washington

Q: One reason why beginning therapists are reluctant to approach their client's resistance is because of the therapist's strong need: a. For their clients to like them. b. To avoid difficult feelings. c. To avoid inferring that the client's motivations are questionable. d. All of the above.

Q: The intent to ensure fair sentencing by ending the reduction of terms in prison by grants of parole, ensuring that persons committing similar crimes serve similar terms, and ensuring that sentences reflect the severity of the criminal conduct is called:a. concurrent sentences. b. determinate sentencing.c. sentencing guidelines. d. sentencing fairness.

Q: In _________________ the U.S. Supreme Court found that federal law does not allow rehabilitation to be used as a factor when handing down a sentence. a. Tapia v. United States b. Bell v. Feurtado c. Kranitz v. United States d. Katz v. United States

Q: One of the most common themes that makes therapy threatening for clients is: a. "If I let myself depend on the therapist he/she might leave me, or take advantage of me, or try to control me as others have done when I needed them." b. "I cannot ask for help or need anything from others because I must be perfect and in control all of the time." c. "Asking for help is admitting that there really is a problem, and if therapy does not help then I surely will be hopeless." d. All of the above are common themes for clients.

Q: Empathic understanding is: a. a technique used by therapists to convey to a client he/she has had the same counseling issues and experiences as the client and can relate. b. a respectful attitude and non-judgmental stance. c. a key concept for change in the interpersonal approach. d. Both b & c are correct.

Q: The most widely used type of sentence today is:a. mandatory. b. determinate.c. indeterminate. d. presumptive.

Q: One of the best ways to evaluate the success of an initial interview is for therapists to ask themselves: a. "Was I able to create a corrective emotional experience for my client?" b. "Do I feel like I made contact with this person and have a genuine feeling for who he or she is?" c. "Was I able to listen to my client without responding emotionally to his/her experience?" d. Both a & c are correct.

Q: Sentences with a fixed term of years to serve are:a. indeterminate ones. b. determinate ones.c. predictive ones. d. good time ones.

Q: Which type of sentence permits flexibility both in the type of sentences that are imposed and in the length of time that has to be served?a. indeterminate sentence. b. determinate sentence.c. presumptive sentence. d. three strikes.

Q: To identify recurrent themes from a client, the therapist needs to find a/an ________ a. presenting symptom. b. predominant affect. c. integrating focus. d. precipitating factors.

Q: Beginning therapists can find an integrating focus by: a. Deciding what the client needs to do to change. b. Identifying recurrent themes. c. Asking the client what is wrong. d. Dealing with each problem as it arises.

Q: Release after serving the required minimum portion of the sentence is a(n):a. indeterminate sentence. b. determinate sentence.c. presumptive sentence. d. three strikes.

Q: It is important to consider __________ when engaging in therapy with clients from some cultural groups: a. age b. economic class c. gender d. All of the above are correct.

Q: The purposes of sentencing have shifted: a. from an emphasis on utilitarian aims toward a greater focus on appropriate punishment proportionate to the harm done. b. from an emphasis on proportionate punishments to an emphasis on utilitarian aims. c. from an emphasis on just deserts to rehabilitation. d. from an emphasis on restoration to rehabilitation.

Q: In many jurisdictions, prisoners' sentences are reduced by about half. This is known as:a. offender volunteer program. b. presumptive sentence.c. mandatory sentence. d. good time.

Q: In order for a client to feel understood, it is sometimes important for the therapist to: a. Break social rules by responding to the central affective meaning in the client's message. b. Reassure the client, by talking him/her out of painful feelings. c. Avoid acknowledging the client's need to depend on the therapist. d. Encourage transference within the therapeutic relationship.

Q: Concurrent and consecutive sentences differ in:a. amount of good time. b. severity of punishment.c. length of time to serve. d. fairness of sentences.

Q: The best way for a therapist to demonstrate his/her understanding of the client's experience is: a. To say "I hear you." b. To say "I know just what you mean." c. To say "I understand completely." d. None of the above are correct.

Q: The various types of sentences that can be awarded by the courts are called:a. sentencing sanctions. b. sentencing choices.c. sentencing alternatives. d. sentencing options.

Q: An accurate empathic response by the therapist: a. Repeats what the client has said. b. Makes the therapist's feelings about the client overt. c. Is not a component of client change. d. Makes the client feel heard, seen and compassionately understood.

Q: __________ is one of the most common consequences of systematic invalidation. a. Apathy b. Schizophrenia c. Disempowerment d. There are no consequences.

Q: One or more sentences imposed at the same time and served one after the other are called:a. consecutive sentences. b. concurrent sentences.c. mandatory minimum sentences. d. sentencing sanctions.

Q: One or more sentences imposed at the same time and served simultaneously are called:a. consecutive sentences. b. concurrent sentences.c. mandatory minimum sentences. d. sentencing sanctions.

Q: One of the most effective ways therapists can help their clients change is to: a. Offer advice and reassurance. b. Validate and confirm their subjective experience. c. Give them concrete ways to behave differently. d. Encourage them to see that things are not so bad.

Q: According to R.D. Laing, people stop feeling "crazy" when: a. They accept responsibility for their behavior. b. They change their negative life circumstances for a new and productive lifestyle. c. Their subjective experience is validated. d. Both a & b are correct.

Q: In the majority of felony cases sentencing is generally based on the information available to the:a. probation officer. b. jury.c. judge. d. media.

Q: Before sentencing takes place in felony cases, it is common for the court's probation staff to conduct a: a. criminal investigation. b. background investigation. c. suitability for probation investigation. d. presentence investigation.