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Counseling
Q:
In the case of _________________________________, the Supreme Court found that Washington State's sentencing guidelines violated a defendant's Sixth Amendment rights because they permitted a judge to consider aggravating factors that would increase the sentence.
Q:
By rising above their needs and feeling special, clients develop a sense of________ .
a. self-esteem
b. mastery and control
c. self-efficacy
d. false pride and entitlement
Q:
In _________________, the Court held that guidelines could be taken into consideration by federal judges but that they no longer had to be regarded as mandatory.
Q:
____________________ sentencing imposes a sentence for a definite term.
Q:
A form of sentencing in which the legislature sets the penalties for criminal acts is ____________________________.
Q:
___________________________ give judges a recommended sentence based on the seriousness of a crime and the background of an offender.
Q:
When early release occurs after an offender serves a minimum portion of the sentence, the sentence is____________________.
Q:
In __________________, the defendant deposits a portion of the bail amount, usually 10 percent, with the court clerk.
Q:
________________________ occurs when the court assigns custody of the defendant to an individual or agency that promises to ensure his or her later appearance in court.
Q:
The _____________________of 1984, required that no defendant be kept in pretrial detention simply because he or she could not afford financial bail.
Q:
According to Horney, a client who rises above their need through aloofness and glorifies this stance by feeling self-righteously self-sufficient has a characterological interpersonal style of:
a. Moving away.
b. Moving inward.
c. Moving against.
d. Moving toward.
Q:
A(An)__________________ is usually given for minor offenses, such as minor traffic offenses, and is based on the defendant's written promise to appear in court.
Q:
According to Horney, clients who have angry behavior, are competitive, are self-centered, and are demanding, but see themselves as heroes or strong leaders have adopted an interpersonal coping style of:
a. Moving away.
b. Moving against.
c. Moving toward.
d. Moving inward.
Q:
Karen Horney's interpersonal coping styles of moving toward, moving away, and moving against work for the client to:
a. Reduce anxiety and provide partial, indirect gratification of unmet needs.
b. Build the basis of relationships.
c. Provide a foundation for intimacy.
d. Give flexible behavioral responses.
Q:
According to Horney, a client who is always sensitive to the needs of others, committed to the ideals of peace and harmony, and wins needed approval from others is defending against a blocked need by:
a. Moving away adaptation.
b. Moving against adaptation.
c. Moving toward adaptation.
d. Moving inward adaptation.
Q:
__________________________ is the beginning of the correctional process once an offender has been convicted.
Q:
If prisoners become involved in serious disciplinary offenses or attempt to escape, they can lose their ____________________________.
Q:
Compromise solutions ________ and ________.
a. always succeed / resolve conflicts
b. provide flexible alternatives / gratify needs
c. block needs / rise above needs
d. approach needs directly / boost self-esteem
Q:
The core conflict which underlies and pervades the client's life and problems has its origins in:
a. A single traumatic experience.
b. Repetitive relational patterns that block the child's developmental needs.
c. Poor peer relations.
d. Toxic parents.
Q:
A(An) ____________________sentence is when one or more sentences are imposed at the same time and are served one after another.
Q:
A(An) ____________________sentence is one or more sentences imposed at the same time and served simultaneously.
Q:
The ______________________can become a useful tool when an offender is placed on probation by helping to shape treatment and supervision efforts.
Q:
Defenses such as trying to be perfect, repeatedly taking charge, and avoiding all conflict:
a. are ineffective.
b. are necessary.
c. are evidence of psychotic personality.
d. None of the above is correct.
Q:
The most significant way to achieve a flexible interpersonal range that will allow therapists to respond to the diversity of problems that clients present, therapists must:
a. Train for many hours under direct supervision.
b. Remain empathetic and non-directive.
c. Appear confident to their clients.
d. Do their own family of origin work.
Q:
The ____________________ formally charges the jury by instructing its members on what points of law and evidence they must consider before reaching a decision of guilty or innocent.
Q:
In recent years, _______________ have gained greater leverage to extract guilty pleas from defendants.
Q:
Beginning therapists will find that most of their clients have been reared in one of the following parenting styles:
a. Authoritative.
b. Abusive.
c. Authoritarian.
d. Passive.
Q:
Healthy families ________ between the poles of separateness and relatedness.
a. are consistent in one position
b. range flexibly along the continuum
c. range the continuum without regard for the demands of the situation
d. choose one end or the other
Q:
It is appropriate for judges to consider a defendant's prior record in making their sentencing decision.
a. True
b. False
Q:
As children develop and grow older, families face the developmental task of having to shift from a primary focus of providing security to promoting ________
a. happiness.
b. responsibility.
c. individuation.
d. intimacy.
Q:
Clients who have been parentified as children may:
a. Avoid any situations requiring them to act responsibly.
b. Grow up to become care-giving professionals who are at risk of early professional "burnout."
c. Relinquish control easily and are comfortable in mutually reciprocal relationships.
d. Will be inattentive and unresponsive to the therapist.
Q:
All violent felons receive very long prison sentences.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Sentences given by state and federal courts have traditionally been short in the United States.
a. True
b. False
Q:
When families have cross-generational alliances, children may:
a. Learn to be responsible and individuate.
b. Associate anxiety and guilt with achievements and outside commitments.
c. Gain an exaggerated sense of their own importance.
d. Both b and c.
Q:
When children are allowed to play one parent against the other, they:
a. Learn that rules do not apply to them.
b. Learn that rules always apply to them.
c. Are rarely viewed as manipulative by others.
d. Tend to become extremely high achievers.
Q:
Three-strike laws have contributed to overcrowded prisons.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Under mandatory minimum sentencing policies, the legislature may prohibit defendants convicted of certain violent crimes from being placed on probation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
One ingredient necessary for the development of primary parental coalition is:
a. For both parents to remain enmeshed with their families of origin.
b. For both parents to have psychologically emancipated from their families of origin.
c. For both parents to have transferred their primary coalitions from their parents onto their offspring.
d. For both parents to have yielded to their children's needs.
Q:
It is necessary for a therapist to draw out the full range of emotions a client has toward a therapist:
a. to address the belief by a client that he/she does not deserve the attention they receive from the therapist.
b. to address the belief that the client has manipulated positive feelings from therpist.
c. to work at figuring out the parenting style of the client.
d. Both a and b are correct.
Q:
Recent Supreme Court decisions ruled that federal sentencing guidelines are always mandatory.
a. True
b. False
Q:
If a judge wants to depart from the federal sentencing guidelines, he or she must justify that departure in writing.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Therapists can explore and assess parenting styles with their clients by:
a. asking directly about them.
b. using attachment theory assessments.
c. guessing the type of parenting style from the narratives the client gives.
d. None of the above are correct.
Q:
Under the Comprehensive Crime Control Act, federal sentencing guidelines were established and parole was abolished.
a. True
b. False
Q:
When therapists evoke in their clients unacceptable feelings about themselves, they are:
a. able to avoid their own disavowed feelings.
b. do not have to remember feeling badly about themselves.
c. avoiding shame about themselves.
b. All of the above are correct.
Q:
The therapeutic term for multigenerational reenactment is:
a. projective indentification.
b. identification with the aggressor.
c. family projection process.
d. All of the above are true.
Q:
Under presumptive sentencing guidelines, the governor sets the penalties for criminal acts.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Determinate sentencing reform has been implemented in every state.
a. True
b. False
Q:
An effective way for therapists to teach clients that hurtful interactions can be talked about and relationships can be restored is:
a. to name, make overt, and talk about hurtful interactions between therapist and client.
b. to always make sure conversations between therapist and client are not hurtful or confusing.
c. to give their client bibliotherapy literature about healing from hurtful interactions from the client's childhood.
d. to teach their client to simply not take things personally.
Q:
Rogers' "conditions of worth" are:
a. what children have to do to maintain their parent's approval.
b. what permissive parents struggle with in their marriage.
c. those beliefs by children of authoritative parents.
b. None of the above is correct.
Q:
A sentence of 1 to 15 years is an example of an indeterminate sentence.
a. True
b. False
Q:
At-risk youth who bring schemas for rejection and distrust to the therapeutic relationship are typically raised by:
a. authoritative parents.
b. authoritarian parents.
c. permissive parents.
d. disengaged parents.
Q:
A signature bond is usually given for minor offenses, such as minor traffic offenses, and is based on the defendant's written promise to appear in court.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In percentage bail, the defendant deposits a portion of the bail amount, usually 10 percent, with the court clerk.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Permissive parents are unable to take charge and discipline effectively because:
a. they believe if they are firm they are acting too harshly.
b. they are insecure and fear their children will not love them if they say "no".
c. they don"t believe they have the right to be in charge or instill their own values in their children.
d. All of the above are correct.
Q:
Children of authoritarian parents tend to score lower on verbal tests of intelligence than children of authoritative parents because:
a. authoritarian parents have a lower IQ than authoritative parents.
b. authoritarian parents' high expectations of their children lead to children's poor school and testing performance.
c. authoritarian parents give their children less of an opportunity to interact over rules than do authoritative parents.
b. All of the above are correct.
Q:
The Bail Reform Act of 1984 overturned the 1976 Supreme Court case of Burton v. South Carolina, which required that no defendant be kept in pretrial detention simply because they could not afford financial bail, and reinstated pretrial detention for indigent offenders.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Third-party custody occurs when the court assigns custody of the defendant to an individual or agency that promises to ensure his or her later appearance in court.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The preoccupied client:
a. most worries about losing a relationship.
b. most worries about other's dependency on them.
c. has de-activating and hyperactivating coping strategies that allow many of them to function with only modest symptomatology.
d. Both a and c are correct.
Q:
The dismissive client:
a. elicits boredom in a therapist.
b. avoids relationships.
c. will focus on other's problems.
d. All of the above are correct.
Q:
Unsecured bail allows release without a deposit or bail arranged through a bondsman.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Someone who has a preoccupied attachment style is:
a. high in anxiety and low in avoidance.
b. high in anxiety and high in avoidance.
c. low in anxiety and low in avoidance.
d. none of the above is correct.
Q:
Consecutive sentences are usually the norm.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Before sentencing takes place in felony cases, it is common for the prosecutor to conduct a presentence investigation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Attachment theory researchers measure adult attachment styles along the following two orthogonal dimensions:
a. anxiety and preoccupation.
b. avoidance and dismissing.
c. anxiety and avoidance.
d. dismissing and avoidance.
Q:
The presentence investigation serves as the basis for sentencing and has a significant influence on whether the convicted defendant will be granted community release or sentenced to secure confinement.
a. True
b. False
Q:
One way in which therapist's counter transference reactions are revealed in therapy is by:
a. The therapist becomes personally invested in the way the client handles a certain issue.
b. The therapist approaches the central conflict or issue.
c. The therapist can successfully differentiate their own similar feelings from their clients'.
d. The therapist accurately identifies the client's feelings.
Q:
In 1970, about one in 12 cases made it to trial; today, fewer than one in 40 felony cases are tried in court.
a. True
b. False
Q:
To provide a "holding environment" for clients to explore their distress, therapists:
a. maintain a steady presence.
b. educate the client on the dynamics of therapy.
c. clarify what the therapist is thinking and feeling as clients share conflicted feelings.
d. Both a and c are correct.
Q:
There has been a transfer of power in the courts that has undercut the formal court process with a more informal system shaped by backroom deals and agreements.
a. True
b. False
Q:
To "resolve shame dynamics", therapists should :
a. unambiguously provide kind and accepting responses to clients as they experience feelings of shame.
b. work (over time) to help the client internalize the therapist's compassion for their shame.
c. help their clients to break the identification with the attachment figure who was rejecting.
d. All of the above are correct.
Q:
When clients risk exposing their pain, vulnerability, or shame and the therapist responds with kindness and understanding, clients ________
a. are personally empowered.
b. become too dependent on the therapist.
c. reexperience their original shame.
d. generally terminate treatment.
Q:
Governor Smith is concerned with the crime rates in his state. He calls a special session of his cabinet and also contacts a few of the state senators to initiate a special session of Congress. Governor Smith wants to specifically address his states sentencing strategies.After a review of all the sentences imposed during the prior year, Governor Smith is concerned that judges are too influenced by nonlegal factors in determining the appropriate sentence. Which of the following would NOT be considered a nonlegal factor?a. ageb. genderc. social classd. severity of the offense
Q:
One of the most important ways to help clients achieve a greater sense of adequacy and mastery in their lives is:
a. To give them concrete suggestions for change.
b. To summarize each session thoroughly.
c. To allow them to take full responsibility for the therapeutic process.
d. To help them make sense of their emotional reactions.
Q:
Governor Smith is concerned with the crime rates in his state. He calls a special session of his cabinet and also contacts a few of the state senators to initiate a special session of Congress. Governor Smith wants to specifically address his states sentencing strategies.
Governor Smith is particularly concerned with the fact that offenders are sentenced to a specific amount of time in prison but are being released well before their sentence expires. He wants to enact a law that requires offenders in his state to serve a substantial portion of their sentences. He is hopeful that these new laws will reduce the discrepancy between the sentence imposed and the actual time served in prison. These laws are known as:
a. mandatory minimum sentencing laws.
b. truth-in-sentencing laws.
c. capital sentencing laws.
d. three strike laws.
Q:
Governor Smith is concerned with the crime rates in his state. He calls a special session of his cabinet and also contacts a few of the state senators to initiate a special session of Congress. Governor Smith wants to specifically address his states sentencing strategies.The lawmakers have their differences of opinion. One thing they certainly agree on is the fact that there are particular crimes with specific circumstances where the offender should serve time in prison. Specifically, the legislature wants to prohibit any defendant convicted of the crimes of aggravated assault, sexual assault, and any manslaughter or murder charge from being placed on probation. This type of sentence is referred to as:a. mandatory minimum sentencing. b. determinate sentencing. c. indeterminate sentencing.d. presumptive sentencing.
Q:
The greatest opportunity to help clients change occurs:
a. At the moment clients are experiencing the full emotional impact of their problems.
b. When the client follows through with the therapist's concrete suggestions for change.
c. During the final session prior to termination of therapy.
d. There is no greatest opportunity to help clients change.
Q:
Reasons clients do not like to explore difficult feelings include:
a. their belief that the work "it's too hard".
b. their belief that "it won"t do any good".
c. their belief that exploring their feelings in depth "will be overwhelming".
d. their belief that they will be ridiculed and judged.
Q:
Governor Smith is concerned with the crime rates in his state. He calls a special session of his cabinet and also contacts a few of the state senators to initiate a special session of Congress. Governor Smith wants to specifically address his states sentencing strategies.The lawmakers believe that the legislature should set the penalties for criminal acts. This type of sentencing is known as:a. mandatory minimum sentencing. b. determinate sentencing. c. indeterminate sentencing.d. presumptive sentencing.
Q:
Clients develop complex interpersonal coping strategies and defense mechanisms to ward off ________ associated with ________
a. the depression/ the client's current life situation.
b. the fear/the client's uncontrollable circumstances.
c. the therapist's demands/the client's feelings of vulnerability.
d. the anxiety/the client's generic conflicts.
Q:
One reason why clients are often ambivalent about exploring their anxiety is:
a. The therapist is leading the client closer to the conflict that is the source of their problems.
b. All clients are resistant to feeling anxiety.
c. Clients are not truly motivated to change.
d. Anxiety can cause the client to regress.