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Counseling
Q:
For adult clients, the process of experiencing the sadness of hurtful parent-child interactions and coming to terms with these developmental losses is called:
a. Grief Work.
b. Neurotic Resolution.
c. Early Childhood Development.
d. Personal Growth.
Q:
A violation of the rules or terms of probation or the commitment of a new crime can result in ____________________ of probation.
Q:
A ____________________ helps the court decide whether to grant probation and helps determine the conditions of probation.
Q:
Two guidelines for helping clients work through family of origin issues are:
a. For clients to change how they respond to current interactions with family members and for clients to grieve what they have missed developmentally.
b. For clients to get angry and blame their abusive parents and for clients to confront their parental figures directly.
c. For clients to learn more assertive communication styles and for them to approach their parental figures directly in order to openly discuss their childhood issues.
d. None of the above are guidelines for helping clients.
Q:
When clients do not assimilate or attempt new, adaptive responses, despite the continuing discussion about them in therapy:
a. The therapist and client are most likely recapitulating the generic conflict.
b. The client is simply not ready to change.
c. The therapist must remain vigilant in guiding the client towards making new responses.
d. The client is probably currently in an abusive relationship where they feel unable to respond assertively.
Q:
The basic functions of a probation officer's job include supervision, investigation, and ____________________.
Q:
A correctional system that is focused more on regulating and controlling offenders than on providing treatment or services for them is referred to as a ____________________.
Q:
When clients become discouraged by the repetitious working through process, it is helpful for the therapist to:
a. Provide the client with a guarantee for change.
b. Provide the client with a relationship that offers them a promise of change, by actively reaching out and extending their care and concern for the client.
c. Assume responsibility for the client's motivation to continue, by actively reaching out and extending their care and concern.
d. Completely avoid the client's transference reactions.
Q:
A "differentiated sense of self" is defined as:
a. a sense of self that is disconnected from others.
b. a sense of self that includes taking others' advice into consideration.
c. a sense of self that connects to a coherent, reflective inner voice that is the foundation for self-efficacy.
d. All of the above are correct.
Q:
____________________ requires an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or government agency.
Q:
The most challenging arena of change for the client is:
a. the relationship between client and therapist.
b. relationships with developmental figures with whom the conflicts originally arose.
c. relationships with primary others with whom conflict is currently being lived out.
d. Both b and c are correct.
Q:
Because the interpersonal process has such a strong impact on clients, beginning therapists should use supervision to learn to do the following:
a. Disengage their feelings in the therapeutic relationship.
b. Resolve problems in the same way as their supervisor.
c. Manage their anxiety over having personal power.
d. Maintain responsibility for client change.
Q:
Financial ____________________ is the payment of a sum of money by an offender either to the victim or to a public fund for victims of crime.
Q:
The ____________________ program is the most widespread of the various national programs that have been designed to divert drug abusers away from the criminal justice system and into the jurisdiction of agencies offering specialized support services
Q:
When client conflicts are replayed in the therapeutic relationship, and are consequently made overt, beginning therapists commonly feel ________.
a. Inadequate
b. enlivened
c. powerful
d. prepared
Q:
____________________ takes place when an offender is referred to a program and the completion of this program will enable him or her to avoid criminal prosecution.
Q:
State-based acts that subsidize diversion of minor offenders from state prisons are ____________________.
Q:
Being direct in therapy can arouse feelings in therapists about issues of ________ and ________.
a. self-involvement / self-disclosure
b. depression / safety
c. therapist hostility / client vulnerability
d. Both a and c are correct
Q:
____________________ is credited with the creation of probation in Boston in 1785.
Q:
When therapists step out of their "roles" and become more present with clients, the potential for greater emotional contact is possible as well as:
a. Stopping the therapeutic process.
b. Arousing countertransference issues.
c. Easily finding optimum interpersonal connectedness.
d. Having little difficulty differentiating personal issues of the therapist from the client.
Q:
One of the most common reason intervention techniques often fail is:
a. therapists don"t know which techniques to use with a new client.
b. therapists haven"t learned how to integrate theory and technique.
c. therapists have not conceptualized what has gone awry for the client in other relationships and considered how these relational themes could be reenacted in their therapeutic process.
d. None of the above is correct.
Q:
____________________was a practice that permitted convicted offenders to remain free if they agreed to take care of their debt obligation with the state.
Q:
A ____________________ is when judges were allowed to suspend punishment so offenders could seek a pardon or gather evidence that they were reformed.
Q:
____________________ was designed to require sex offenders to register with local law enforcement agencies.
Q:
Shock probation calls for the shock of a few weeks in prison for a first-time offender followed by a standard term of probation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
A common reason beginning therapists may find it anxiety arousing to directly address the current interaction between them and their clients are:
a. It does not facilitate immediacy.
b. A history of depression in their family of origin.
c. Fear of trespassing social norms and cultural expectations.
d. A pattern of permissive parenting.
Q:
Gender appears to affect probationer's effectiveness.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Under intensive probation, a probationer is supervised far more strictly than under standard services.a. Trueb. False
Q:
All of the following are ways of working on the client's issues within the context of the therapist-client relationship EXCEPT:
a. Speaking directly to clients about the current interaction.
b. Taking an internal focus.
c. Encouraging expression of client affect in the here-and-now.
d. Suggesting alternative ways to act with others.
Q:
By encouraging clients to discuss and address conflicts with the therapist as they occur in their interaction:
a. Control battles are always provoked.
b. An opportunity is provided for real life experience of change.
c. Anxiety is aroused.
d. Both b and c are correct.
Q:
When treatment fails, what usually happens is that:
a. the eliciting maneuvers or transference reactions of the client has tapped into the therapist's own personal issues and created a shared conflict for both of them.
b. the treatment process has repeated some of the same relationship dynamics the client has been struggling with in other relationships.
c. the working alliance has been ruptured.
d. All of the above are correct.
Q:
Recidivism rates are low among those placed on probation for a misdemeanor.
a. True
b. False
Q:
All 50 states now impose some form of fee on probationers to defray the cost of probation and other community programs.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Revocation of probation because of a new crime is referred to as a technical violation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The process dimension in therapeutic relationships can best be utilized with:
a. A psychoanalytic-object relationship orientation.
b. A interpersonal-dynamic orientation.
c. Longer term therapy modalities.
d. Any theoretical orientation.
Q:
Process comments are used to:
a. Address how the therapist and client are responding to each other.
b. Focus on the content of what the therapist and client are talking about.
c. "Do something" to help the client change.
d. Focus on immediate, meaningful existential issues.
Q:
Change is likely to occur whenever the way in which the therapist and client interact provides a/an ______ of the client's conflicts rather than a/an ______ of them.
a. resolution/repetition
b. repetition/resolution
c. awareness/resolution
d. awareness/growth
Q:
The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that probationers are entitled to the same constitutional protections as other citizens.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In most states, a PSI report must be prepared regardless of whether the offender is eligible for probation.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Which of the following is NOT a process response/comment to clients' conflict?
a. "Let's talk about what is going on between us and see if we can understand what is happening in our relationship."
b. "Exercise and journal writing can be extremely helpful in lifting your depression."
c. "It seems to me that you keep asking me for help, and keep saying "˜yes,but..." and don"t ever allow me to help you. What do you see going on between us?"
d. "You seem to be very quiet this session, it appears I am doing all of the talking. Can you tell me what might be going on between us?"
Q:
Today, all states utilize private probation services of low-risk offenders.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Assignment of probation to the executive branch on a statewide basis allows for uniform standards of policy making.
a. True
b. False
Q:
When is it useful for therapists to give interpretations, facilitate client insights about historical roots, train clients about more adaptive responses and use cognitive-behavioral interventions?
a. Just preceding a corrective emotional experience.
b. At any time during therapy.
c. After the client has experienced a meaningful change within the immediate relationship.
d. They are never useful.
Q:
A risk management correctional system is more focused on providing treatment services for offenders than regulating or controlling them.
a. True
b. False
Q:
The primary role for a therapist is to:
a. encourage the client to take ownership of the treatment process.
b. explain and interpret the client's most pressing issue right now.
c. actively direct a treatment focus.
b. All of the above are correct.
Q:
Probationers account for more than 50 percent of the correctional growth since 1990.
a. True
b. False
Q:
When the client's conflict begins to be replayed in the therapeutic relationship, and the therapist accepts the validity of that concern and helps the client to explore and understand it more fully:
a. The therapist offers the opportunity to negotiate a new type of relationship and resolve the conflict in the current interaction.
b. The therapist strengthens the client's reliance on that interpersonal relational pattern.
c. The client will become anxious and defensive.
d. The therapist encourages the client to reenact the conflict.
Q:
Therapists can help clients become aware of their underlying conflicts and the maladaptive ways they have learned to cope with them by:
a. Pointing out when and how clients employ their coping strategies.
b. Helping clients become aware of how they block their own needs and feelings.
c. Helping clients explore why they become anxious at a particular time.
d. All of the above are correct.
Q:
Courts in states with determinate sentencing typically use probation more frequently than do courts in states with indeterminate sentencing.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Understanding both sides of their conflicts, empowers clients to:
a. Exercise more choice over what they will change and what they will accommodate to.
b. Change their personality.
c. Have a better relationship.
d. Influence others more effectively.
Q:
The therapist's ability to respond to both sides of clients' core conflicts will:
a. Confuse the client.
b. Clarify the ambivalence that has made decisions difficult.
c. Help clients to have compassion for themselves.
d. Both b and c.
Q:
How do each of the following affect sentencing: social class, gender, age, victim characteristics? Discuss fully.
Q:
What are truth-in-sentencing laws, and why were they enacted?
Q:
A client's inability to act or change, results from:
a. The push-pull nature of conflict.
b. The inability to follow good advice.
c. A personality disorder.
d. The lack of motivation.
Q:
Clients' conflicts are two-sided, and therapists will be effective when:
a. They respond to the most intense emotion.
b. They respond to both sides, but emphasize the side that is causing the most problems.
c. They respond to the feelings that accompany both sides.
d. They respond to the initial feeling.
Q:
What are mandatory minimum sentences, and what affect have they had on correctional populations?
Q:
Recognizing the ______ structure of conflicts will enable therapists to respond to the ______ that has immobilized the client and prevented change from occurring.
a. one-sided/pattern
b. hidden/problem
c. patterned/individual
d. two-sided/ambivalence
Q:
What are some of the criticisms of sentencing guidelines on the federal level?
Q:
Discuss the legality surrounding sentencing guidelines.
Q:
A common way in which clients' conflicts are reenacted in the therapeutic process is:
a. When therapists view their clients' problems and lives as being too similar to their own.
b. When therapists maintain their own objectivity and separateness while at the same time being available and responsive.
c. When therapists self-discloses their own experiences and feelings.
d. There is no common way in which clients' conflicts are reenacted.
Q:
Discuss the various types of structured sentences.
Q:
The most important source of information about clients and what their interpersonal style tends to elicit from others is:
a. a therapist's awareness of their own feelings that are elicited by clients.
b. a client's developmental history.
c. a client's cultural context.
d. All of the above are correct.
Q:
How does judicial discretion affect the models of determinate and indeterminate sentencing?
Q:
When clients have been enmeshed with their families of origin, clients need therapists to do the following:
a. Establish boundaries.
b. Like them.
c. Be non-confronting.
d. Be confronting.
Q:
Discuss good time and how it can affect an offender's sentence.
Q:
When therapists become inappropriately over-identified with certain clients, they ________.
a. are enmeshed with their clients
b. are disengaged from their clients
c. are detached from their clients
d. have destroyed any hope of regaining appropriate balance in the therapeutic relationship
Q:
Discuss consecutive and concurrent sentences and give an example of each.
Q:
If therapists try to elicit the client's subjective reactions and perceptions of the therapist:
a. The client will not progress in therapy.
b. The therapist will be reenacting the old relational scenarios.
c. The client will find the therapist intrusive and inappropriate.
d. Important information concerning clients' relational templates or therapist reenactment may be revealed.
Q:
List and describe the at least three actors in the sentencing process.
Q:
Social class, gender, age, and victim characteristics are considered ______________________ factors in sentencing.
Q:
Which of the following statements is true in regards to transference?
a. Transference is most likely to occur in the therapeutic relationship when the client is distressed.
b. Transference occurs in the therapeutic setting and other settings of a client's life.
c. Transference is an important part of the therapy process.
d. All of the above are correct.
Q:
When... 1) clients begin talking about others rather than themselves, 2) the therapeutic process becomes repetitive or intellectualized, or 3) clients become compliant or lose their initiative:
a. The client's conflict is being reenacted.
b. The client is engaging in a transference test.
c. Countertransference reactions are being evoked in the therapist.
d. Change is beginning to occur.
Q:
Therapists can tell they have effectively "passed" important tests from clients by:
a. tracking moment-to-moment interaction sequences of how the client responds to what the therapist just said.
b. waiting for their client to verbalize that they can utilize the therapist's comments.
c. listening to their clinical supervisor for affirmation that they "passed".
d. All of the above are correct.
Q:
Therapists' goals in working with clients' eliciting maneuvers include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Attend to their own reactions to the client's maneuvers.
b. Find alternate responses that do not reenact the same relational scenarios.
c. Provide the familiar responses the client expects and usually receives.
d. Formulate working hypotheses regarding the feelings and/or situations the client may be avoiding.
Q:
When clients successfully utilize eliciting maneuvers with the therapist:
a. The client attains protection from the core conflict and no effective change.
b. The client attains protection from the core conflict and effective change within the therapeutic relationship.
c. Is not sufficiently motivated to change in therapy.
d. Must explain what this means.
Q:
In order to formulate an interpersonal conceptualization, which of the following questions are least important for the therapist to answer?
a. What do clients elicit from others?
b. What is the client's previous psychiatric diagnosis and/or medical history?
c. How will the client test the therapist?
d. What is the principle relational pattern that the client is reenacting in the therapeutic relationship?
Q:
Clients usually enter therapy when:
a. Situational life stressors have caused their interpersonal coping strategies to fail.
b. Stress due to developmental transition stressors in adulthood have caused their interpersonal coping strategies to fail.
c. An interpersonal conflict has evoked related developmental conflicts.
d. All of the above are correct.
Q:
Often times the most difficult therapeutic intervention for therapists to provide is:
a. To interpret the original wound.
b. Normative and educative information about the problem.
c. Contain the client's affect by remaining emotionally connected to them as they experience painful feelings.
d. Talk about child-rearing practices and parental influences.
Q:
When a client presents a set of "shoulds" which include unrealistic demands on others and self, helpful interventions by a therapist include:
a. helping the client appreciate these interpersonal coping strategies.
b. helping the client see these coping strategies are unnecessary in many current situations.
c. helping the client see that this coping strategy is central to the clients' basic sense of self.
d. All of the above are correct.
Q:
Many states have enacted ________________________________ laws that require offenders to serve a substantial portion of their sentence.