Accounting
Anthropology
Archaeology
Art History
Banking
Biology & Life Science
Business
Business Communication
Business Development
Business Ethics
Business Law
Chemistry
Communication
Computer Science
Counseling
Criminal Law
Curriculum & Instruction
Design
Earth Science
Economic
Education
Engineering
Finance
History & Theory
Humanities
Human Resource
International Business
Investments & Securities
Journalism
Law
Management
Marketing
Medicine
Medicine & Health Science
Nursing
Philosophy
Physic
Psychology
Real Estate
Science
Social Science
Sociology
Special Education
Speech
Visual Arts
Counseling
Q:
Deferred prosecution programs have focused on persons suffering from alcohol, drug, or mental health problems who can ask permission of the court to go through an intensive treatment program in lieu of being prosecuted.
a. True
b. False
Q:
True diversion takes place when an offender is referred to a program and the completion of this program will enable him or her to avoid criminal prosecution.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Most diversionary interventions take place prior to trial.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Since the first and most developed community corrections act took place in Minnesota, about 25 states have implemented CCAs for adults.
a. True
b. False
Q:
In the middle of the 19th century, probation began with the volunteer services of John Augustus in Massachusetts.
a. True
b. False
Q:
One of the major purposes of community corrections acts is to encourage state imprisonment in lieu of local sentencing options.
a. True
b. False
Q:
Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested several times but never convicted of a crime. Last year, he was arrested and placed in the TASC program. He successfully completed this program and remained out of trouble for 1 year.
Before he was placed on probation, a presentence investigation report was prepared. Who was responsible for preparing this report?
a. judge
b. jury
c. probation officer
d. victim
Q:
Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested several times but never convicted of a crime. Last year, he was arrested and placed in the TASC program. He successfully completed this program and remained out of trouble for 1 year.
In the state where Jack will be serving his probation, there is a locally administered probation department. Despite the fact that probation is a local responsibility here, which of the following is the state still accountable for?
a. providing financial support
b. setting standards
c. arranging training courses
d. all of these
Q:
Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested several times but never convicted of a crime. Last year, he was arrested and placed in the TASC program. He successfully completed this program and remained out of trouble for 1 year.
In Jack's case, who had the final approval in the decision of probation?
a. judge
b. jury
c. probation officer
d. victim
Q:
Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested several times but never convicted of a crime. Last year, he was arrested and placed in the TASC program. He successfully completed this program and remained out of trouble for 1 year.
One of the conditions of Jack's probation is that he pays back the victim of his burglary the amount of loss and damage that he caused. What is this payment called?
a. community service
b. fine
c. retribution
d. restitution
Q:
Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested several times but never convicted of a crime. Last year, he was arrested and placed in the TASC program. He successfully completed this program and remained out of trouble for 1 year.
Why would Jack have been placed in the TASC program last year?
a. Jack was abusive to his wife.
b. Jack was a child molester.
c. Jack was a drug abuser.
d. Jack was a shop lifter.
Q:
Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. There, he learns about Minnesota's Community Corrections Act.
Governor Jones is also surprised to learn about the reasons people are on probation. If Governor Jones' state is similar to national statistics, what offense have the largest percentage of probationers been convicted of?
a. domestic violence
b. property offenses
c. arson
d. none of the above
Q:
Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. There, he learns about Minnesota's Community Corrections Act.
Governor Jones flies back to his state and schedules an emergency meeting with the head probation officials. He wants to discuss the probation population. Governor Jones is surprised to learn that many of the individuals on probation in his state are representative of the national statistics and that most of the probationers are:
a. African American females.
b. African American males.
c. Hispanic males.
d. White males.
Q:
Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. There, he learns about Minnesota's Community Corrections Act.
Governor Jones believes that offenders should have their criminal prosecution dropped upon successful completion of their required programs. This is known as ____________________ diversion.
a. absolute
b. real
c. static
d. true
Q:
Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. There, he learns about Minnesota's Community Corrections Act.
Governor Jones is also an advocate of diversion programs. Which of the following would not be a goal of a diversion program?
a. Avoid the harsh impacts of incarceration.
b. Scare people first with incarceration and then place them on probation.
c. Provide a range of alternatives for decision makers to choose from.
d. Deals with the economic and social factors associated with crime.
Q:
Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. There, he learns about Minnesota's Community Corrections Act.
Governor Jones is impressed by Minnesota's community-oriented corrections. He wants to implement many of the same policies when he returns to his state. Which of the following would most likely Not be part of a community corrections act if Governor Jones would use existing CCAs as a template for his new legislation?
a. The law would be judicially authorized.
b. There would be a decentralized program design and delivery.
c. The CCA would be authorized statewide.
d. The CCA would provide for citizen involvement.
Q:
In evaluations of ISP programs, the amount of criminal offending:a. increased. b. declined.c. doubled. d. did not change.
Q:
Intensive supervised probation (ISP) was started in:a. Georgia. b. California.c. New York. d. Florida.
Q:
A sentence requiring an offender to serve time in jail or prison before a probation placement is a:a. conveyed sentence.b. bench probation.c. split sentence. d. shock probation.
Q:
A type of probation in which the probationer is not supervised is:a. shock probation. b. deferred probation.c. split probation. d. bench probation.
Q:
Suspending the remainder of a sentence after serving a period of time in prison is:a. shock probation. b. bench probation.c. deferred probation. d. split probation.
Q:
A sentence delaying conviction on a guilty plea until after probation is served is a:a. bench probation. b. deferred sentence.c. shock probation. d. split probation.
Q:
Disclosure of PSI to defense counsel in a death penalty case was held permissible by which U.S. Supreme Court case?a. Bell v. Citadelb. Roethlisberger v. Georgiac. Jackson v. United Statesd. Gardner v. Florida
Q:
In ____________________, the U.S. Supreme Court held that probationers have fewer constitutional protections than the general public and specifically that their homes can be searched without a warrant.a. List v. Indiana University of Pennsylvaniab. Griffin v. Wisconsinc. Gagnon v. Scarpelli d. Gardner v. Florida
Q:
A report used at a sentencing hearing is a PSI. This means:a. post sentencing inquiry. b. pre release system interrogatory.c. pre sentence investigation. d. pre selected investigation.
Q:
Recidivism rises as probation caseload size ____________________.a. increases b. decreasesc. remains static d. none of these choices
Q:
The United States has approximately ____________________ adult probation agencies.a. 500 b. 2,000c. 1,200 d. 1,000
Q:
Research shows that the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model can cut recidivism of high-risk offenders by as much as ____________________ percent.a. 10 b. 20c. 30 d. 50
Q:
Which of the following is Not one of the features of "the new penology"?
a. It conceives of crime as a systemic phenomenon and crime policy as a problem of actuarial risk management.
b. It embraces the objective of risk management and the management of the system itself.
c. Techniques of profiling and screening are used as ways of improving control over penal agents and subjects.
d. It focuses more on treatment and offering services to penal agents.
Q:
During the 1980s and 1990s, many large correctional and community supervision agencies adopted new policies that were known as a:
a. rehabilitation management system.
b. reformation management system.
c. risk management system.
d. strategic management system.
Q:
About ____________________ of all probationers are felons.a. one-fourth b. one-thirdc. one-half d. two-thirds
Q:
Why are so many probationers HIV positive?a. high rates of injection drug use b. risky sexual behaviorc. both a and b d. none of these
Q:
Which of the following is Not a feature of probation?a. prison time b. drug testingc. payment of fees d. regular employment
Q:
____________________requires an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or government agency.
a. Community service
b. Financial restitution
c. Restorative service
d. Center probation
Q:
If the rules of probation are not followed by the probationer, probation can be:a. extended. b. changed to include harsher rules.c. revoked. d. all of these choices.
Q:
Probation sentences are for:a. an unlimited time. b. a fixed period.c. all misdemeanants. d. a time set by the probation officer.
Q:
A program to divert drug abusers from the criminal justice system into specialized support services is known as:
a. Drug Abuse Alternatives.
b. Addiction Recovery Program.
c. Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime.
d. Safe House Recovery Program.
Q:
Which of the following is the most widespread of the various national programs that have been designed to divert drug abusers away from the criminal justice system?a. BASC b. DASCc. MASC d. TASC
Q:
What takes place when an offender is referred to a program and the completion of this program will enable him or her to avoid criminal prosecution?a. absolute diversion b. real diversionc. statutory diversion d. true diversion
Q:
Which of the following is Not a goal of diversion today?
a. avoiding the harsh impacts of incarceration
b. providing a range of alternatives for decision makers to choose from
c. dealing with the punitively oriented alternative
d. providing a "more justifying justice" for victims and communities
Q:
Historically, diversion programs were used for:a. first-time or youthful offenders. b. those suspected of minor offenses.c. mentally disordered offenders. d. all of these.
Q:
Which of the following is not a characteristic of CCAs?
a. CCAs are created by each state's supreme court.
b. CCAs call for decentralized program design and delivery.
c. CCAs provide for citizen involvement and specify roles that citizens may play.
d. CCAs endorse locally determined sanctions and services.
Q:
The state-based act through which local governments receive subsidies for diverting minor offenders is the:
a. Community Shares Act
b. Intergovernmental Agreement Act
c. Community Corrections Act
d. Local Community Crimes-Based Act
Q:
The philosophy driving community-based corrections is:a. rehabilitation b. reintegrativec. restitution d. reactive
Q:
The most common form of criminal sanction during the 20th century was:a. probation. b. restitution.c. Prison. d. Jail.
Q:
What jurisdiction was the first to implement probation as a form of criminal sanction?a. Georgia b. Californiac. Massachusetts d. Texas
Q:
The ____________________is acorrectional approach aimed at returning offenders to the community as soon as possible.
a. reintegrative philosophy
b. reintegrative shaming
c. rehabilitation philosophy
d. reinstatement philosophy
Q:
Probation began in 1841 with the volunteer services of:a. Howard. b. Manconochie.c. Bentham. d. Augustus.
Q:
What is the practice that permitted convicted offenders to remain free if they agreed to take care of their debt obligation with the state?a. banishment b. judicial reprievec. probation d. recognizance
Q:
Individuals who would agree to make themselves responsible for offenders who had been released from custody are called:
a. sureties.
b. entities.
c. trustees.
d. fallons.
Q:
Discuss some of the contemporary approaches with probation due to increased caseloads and fewer probationers.
Q:
What are three ideas discussed in the text that can improve the effectiveness of probation?
Q:
Discuss probation revocation and the four cases where the Supreme Court provided procedural safeguards to apply at proceedings to revoke probation.
Q:
What are the usual six categories in a presentence investigation report?
Q:
Discuss the three basic functions of an adult probation officer.
Q:
Discuss at least two pros and two cons of a locally operated probation department.
Q:
Discuss Feeley and Simon's "new penology."
Q:
Discuss the probation population in the United States today. Specifically, discuss who is more likely to be on probation, what offenses are probationers more likely to have committed, and what states have the majority of probationers.
Q:
Discuss the TASC program.
Q:
Resolving conflicts over separation/termination in the therapeutic setting is:
a. The prototype for clients in mastering future conflicts.
b. Impossible to accomplish prior to termination.
c. Immobilizing of the therapist's ability to help clients change.
d. Discouraging to the client who does not want any more losses or endings.
Q:
The therapist's ability to address termination forthrightly will:
a. Leave clients feeling powerless and out of control.
b. Reenact clients' past conflicted feelings over termination.
c. Give clients a mastery experience by allowing them to become active, informed participants in the termination.
d. Clients do not benefit by openly addressing termination.
Q:
What are the goals of diversion programs?
Q:
Explain community corrections acts and their common characteristics.
Q:
The single most important guideline for negotiating a successful termination to therapy is:
a. For the therapist to wait until the last session to approach the subject of ending.
b. For the therapist to unambiguously acknowledge the reality of ending and establish a final date for termination.
c. For the therapist to accept the client's wishes to discontinue the impending termination.
d. For the therapist to address termination carefully and indirectly to prevent the client from becoming angry.
Q:
When therapists and clients collude to deny or avoid the impending separation:
a. Clients' fears of abandonment are healed.
b. Therapists may be acting out their own separation anxieties.
c. Therapists are eliminating the problem of reenacting the client's generic conflict.
d. Clients' initial presenting symptoms may return.
Q:
Under ____________________, a probationer is supervised far more strictly than under standard services.
Q:
One way therapists can help clients begin to discover and articulate their Dreams is to:
a. Analyze their clients' unmet dependency needs.
b. Encourage clients to experience their inner life more fully.
c. Reassure them about their weaknesses.
d. Help clients act on what they should do.
Q:
A ____________________ requires an offender to spend a period of time in jail before being placed on probation in the community.
Q:
A ____________________ is a sentence that delays conviction on a guilty plea until the sentenced offender has successfully served his or her probation term.
Q:
In order to help clients discover their feelings, preferences, interests, values, and their "Dreams," they should repeatedly do which of the following:
a. Ask clients to attend to what they are experiencing right now.
b. Remain interested in and continue entering into the client's subjective experience.
c. Acknowledge what clients do well.
d. All of the above are helpful.
Q:
The overreaching treatment goal is to assist clients in replacing defensive characterological coping strategies with the following:
a. Attainable Dreams.
b. Ways to cognitively track anxiety.
c. Knowledge of defense mechanisms.
d. Insight.
Q:
In _________________________, the Court ruled that a judge cannot revoke a defendant's probation for failure to pay a fine and make restitution.
Q:
In ____________________, the Court held that both probationers and parolees have a constitutionally limited right to counsel in revocation proceedings.
Q:
According to Levinson, the "Dream" refers to:
a. Casual daydreams.
b. Night dreams.
c. The kind of life one wants to lead.
d. An unrealistic wish.
Q:
An important goal for clients in the working through phase of therapy is:
a. Develop intellectual distance from the current, hurtful relationships.
b. The integration of what was good as well as what was problematic in the client's development.
c. Intense analysis of the client's developmental history.
d. Breaking off relationships with problematic familial members.
Q:
In ____________________, the Court upheld the legality of a warrantless search of a probationer's home for the purposes of gathering criminal evidence.
Q:
Changing how a client ________ old problematic relational pattern in their current interactions with family members is a powerful influence on client growth.
a. interprets
b. thinks about
c. responds to
d. feels about
Q:
In ____________________, the Court ruled that the probation officer"client relationship is not confidential, as attorney"client or physician"patient relationships are.
Q:
Family of origin exploration in the working through phase of therapy can be very meaningful when:
a. The therapist carefully points out the connections between past and current relationships.
b. Clients spontaneously make links between formative and current relationships.
c. Therapists interpret developmental deficits.
d. Therapists patiently explain the relational connections to the client.
Q:
A ____________________ occurs when a probationer violates one of the rules of probation, such as not meeting with his or her probation officer.