Q&A Hero

Q: An authentic counselor is best described as: a. having the highest regard for all clients. b. being willing to be totally open and self-disclosing. c. being a technical expert who is committed to objectivity. d. being willing to look at his or her own life and make the changes wanted; he or she can model that process to be the way it is revealed to the client.

Q: Regarding psychotherapy treatment outcome, research suggests all of the following except:a. the therapist as a person is an integral part of successful treatment.b. the therapeutic relationship is an essential component of effective treatment.c. both the therapy methods used and the therapy relationship influence the outcomes of treatment. d. therapy techniques are the key component of successful treatment.

Q: Clients place more value on the personality of the therapist than on the ___________________. a. specific techniques used.b. specific words the therapist used. c. therapist's theoretical orientation.d. aesthetics of the therapeutic setting.

Q: According to the text, personal values of the counselor influence all of the following, except:a. our views of the goals of counseling.b. the way we conduct client assessments. c. the interventions we choose.d. how the clients' life progressed prior to treatment.

Q: It is especially important for counselors who work with culturally diverse client populations to do all of the following, except:a. be aware of their own cultural heritage.b. have a broad base of counseling techniques that can be employed with flexibility.c. not consider the cultural context of their clients in determining what interventions are appropriate.d. examine their own assumptions about cultural values.

Q: An experiential approach is Gestalt therapy, which offers a range of experiments to help clients gain awareness of what they are experiencing in the here and now.a. True b. False

Q: Michael White and David Epston are the major figures associated with narrative therapy. a. Trueb. False

Q: Reality therapy is based on choice theory and focuses on the client assuming responsibility in the present. a. Trueb. False

Q: Donald Meichenbaum is a prominent contributor to the development of cognitive behavior therapy.a. True b. False

Q: Choice theory/reality therapy applies the principles of learning to the resolution of specific behavioral problems. a. Trueb. False

Q: Rudolf Dreikurs is credited with popularizing the Adlerian approach in the United States. a. Trueb. False

Q: Much of effective therapy is the product of artistry. a. Trueb. False

Q: Techniques can counteract a client"therapist relationship that is lacking in certain respects.a. True b. False

Q: With respect to mastering the techniques of counseling and applying them appropriately and effectively, it is Corey's belief that youare your own very best technique. a. Trueb. False

Q: Those practicing brief therapy are in business to change clients, to give them quick advice, and to solve their problems for them.a. True b. False

Q: Psychotherapy is a process of engagement between two people, both of whom are bound to change through the therapeutic venture.a. True b. False

Q: Both family therapy and feminist therapy are based on the premise that to understand the individual it is essential to take into consideration the interpersonal dimensions and the sociocultural context rather than focusing primarily on the intrapsychic domain.a. True b. False

Q: Since Corey challenges the deterministic notion that humans are the product of their early conditioning and, thus, are victims of their past, he believes that an exploration of the past is rarely useful.a. True b. False

Q: An integrative perspective is not developed in a random fashion. a. Trueb. False

Q: An undisciplined mixture of approaches can be an excuse for failing to develop a sound rationale for systematically adhering to certain concepts and to the techniques that are extensions of them.a. True b. False

Q: Which of the following is notan issue that Stan struggles with? a. Fear of being alone b. Fear of intimate relationships with women c. Substance use d. Aggressive outbursts

Q: Effective psychotherapy is a practice in which the: a. therapist solves problems for clients. b. therapist is merely a skilled technician. c. client and therapist collaborate in coconstructing solutions regarding life's tasks. d. client is in complete control of the direction of the therapy.

Q: A comprehensive approach to counseling: a. goes beyond understanding our internal dynamics and addresses those environmental and systemic realities that influence us. b. focuses almost exclusively on the client's internal dynamics. c. focuses primarily on the therapist's internal reactions to the client's behavior. d. focuses only on systemic factors.

Q: Which of the following statements best describes the author's view of the medical model?a. Corey appreciates the focus on psychopathology and believes it gives clinicians the tools to assess what's wrong with clients.b. A focus on the medical model restricts therapeutic practice because it stresses deficits rather than strengths. c. The medical model emphasizes strengths and competencies rather than psychopathology.d. The medical model is especially relevant for culturally diverse client populations.

Q: Francesca, a cognitive behavioral therapist, likes to give homework assignments to her clients. What might her rationale be for doing this?a. Homework can be a vehicle for assisting her clients in putting into action what they are learning in therapy. b. By assigning homework to her clients, she establishes her clear authority over them (as if she is their teacher).c. She is probably a novice therapist who is insecure about her skills; thus, by assigning homework, she may feel like she is being more productive.d. In order to be reimbursed by insurance companies, Francesca is required to give her clients homework assignments.

Q: Which approach was developed during the 1940s as a nondirective reaction against psychoanalysis?a. Personcentered therapy b. Family systems therapy c. Adlerian therapyd. Reality therapy

Q: Which of these statements about interventions is true? a. It is helpful to use one type of intervention with most clients. b. During the course of an individual's therapy, different interventions may be needed at different times. c. It is best to require clients to adapt to your approach to counseling and the interventions that you are skilled at using. d. You should only use counseling interventions when you are certified or licensed.

Q: Which of the following is not a factor that oftentimes limits our freedom of choice? a. Social b. Environmental c. Cultural d. Internal

Q: Which of the following statements about theories or models of counseling/psychotherapy is true? a. Extensive research has shown that certain popular models of psychotherapy are "wrong." b. There is a clear place for theoretical pluralism in our society. c. Accepting the validity of one model implies rejecting the validity of other models. d. Theoretical pluralism has been frowned on by several major professional organizations.

Q: The author makes a case for: a. initially getting an overview of the major theoretical orientations and then learning a particular approach by becoming steeped in that approach for some time. b. delving deeply into one approach initially and then taking a superficial look at other theoretical models. c. learning the theories of counseling only after starting to work with clients in order to make the theories more relevant. d. the reader to choose the approach to which s/he subscribes.

Q: Presenting one model to which all trainees subscribe is:a. what the counseling profession endorses at present.b. likely to be a reality by the year 2020 when the CACREP standards are revisited.c. dangerous in that it can limit their effectiveness in working with a diverse range of future clients. d. illegal in the Northeastern region of the U.S., but not in other parts of the country.

Q: Which humanistic approach places emphasis on the basic attitudes of the therapist?a. Psychoanalytic therapy b. Adlerian therapyc. Person-centered therapyd. Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Q: Which one of the following is not associated with the cognitive-behavioral action-oriented therapies?a. Existential therapyb. Cognitive behavior therapyc. Choice theory/relative therapy d. Behavior therapy

Q: Which one of the following is not considered an experiential and relationship-oriented therapy?a. Gestalt therapyb. Family systems therapy c. Existential approachd. Person-centered approach

Q: Synthesizing the approaches covered in the text:a. can easily be accomplished after taking an introductory course.b. is usually mastered by the end of the first year of one's graduate program.c. often requires many years of study, training, and practical counseling experience. d. rarely, if ever, happens and is a completely unrealistic goal.

Q: Graphic (Likert-type)

Q: Time sampling

Q: Sociometric technique

Q: Feeling word checklist

Q: Journals and diaries

Q: Numerical

Q: Cumulative records

Q: Autobiographies

Q: Behavior checklist

Q: Semantic differential

Q: Genograms

Q: Situational test

Q: Anecdotal information

Q: Rank order

Q: Portfolio

Q: Event sampling

Q: a. Observation b. Rating scalesc. Classification methodsd. Environmental assessmente. Records and personal documents f. Performance-based assessmentBiographical inventories

Q: These are ongoing records of significant behaviors clients have exhibited, often kept in schools and places of employment.

Q: Collecting information about a client in his or her home, school, or work place.

Q: The client's completion of this allows the helper to collect historical, in-depth and comprehensive information about a client that, for some reason, stands out in the client's memory.

Q: This provides a detailed picture of the individual from birth to their current age and is often the by-product of a structured interview.

Q: This is a map of an individual's family tree that may include family history of illnesses, mental disorders, substance use, relationship issues, cultural issues, and other concerns for counseling.

Q: This gives us insight about the usual manner in which a person behaves or about unusual, rarely seen behaviors of the person.

Q: A grouping of an examinee's work.

Q: a. Biographical inventories b. Cumulative recordsc. Anecdotal information d. Autobiographiese. Journals and diaries f. Genogramsg. Environmental assessments h. PortfolioBy doing these, the client provides the professional with an ongoing, personal, "inside perspective" of his or her life and assists the helper in understanding the client's inner world.

Q: For the following statements, place a 1 next to the item you most prefer, a 2 next to the item you second most prefer, etc. Continue in this manner down to a 5 next the item you prefer least.I prefer a psychodynamic approach to counseling. I prefer a behavioral approach to counseling.I prefer a cognitive approach to counseling.I prefer a humanistic approach to counseling. I prefer an eclectic approach to counseling.

Q: Place an "X" on the line to represent how much of each quality you possess.

Q: Rate how effective you thought this class was:

Q: a. Semantic differential b. Rank orderc. Likert-type (graphic scale)d. NumericalRate how much you enjoyed this class:

Q: Performance-based assessments appear to be gaining popularity, which may be due in part to their ability to predict future performance and minimize racial biases.a. Trueb. False

Q: Environmental assessments minimize outside stimuli by containing the assessment to a controlled and clinical setting. a. Trueb. False

Q: Informal assessment techniques are not particularly practical because one has to painstakingly take time to create them. a. True b. False

Q: Despite the fact that informal assessment techniques are easily affected by bias, they still can offer much in the assessment process. a. True b. False

Q: Because informal assessment procedures are developed by the examiner, they are less prone to cross-cultural bias. a. Trueb. False

Q: Although having two raters increases reliability and accuracy when using observation, it may create issues with practicality. a. True b. False

Q: Validity of informal assessment techniques has to do with how well the examiner is defining that which is being assessed. a. True b. False

Q: Interrater reliability measures the agreement or consistency among two or more evaluators observing a behavior or phenomenon. a. True b. False

Q: It is important that, when clients are asked to write an autobiography, strict instructions are given as to what areas are to be covered. a. True b. False

Q: Due to the subjectivity of rating scales, the halo effect is probably minimal. a. Trueb. False

Q: Generally, there is little error in the application of rating scales. a. Trueb. False

Q: Rating scales are subjective and the evaluation or assessment is based on the rater's "inner judgment" and can be filled with biases. a. True b. False

Q: It is unusual to find one conducting an observation of an individual that includes both event and time sampling. a. Trueb. False

Q: Which of the following is NOT true relative to the practicality of informal assessment techniques?a. They are low-cost or cost-free.b. They can be created or obtained in a short amount of time. c. They are relatively easy to administer.d. They are fairly easy to interpret.e. They are cross-culturally free of bias.

Q: In which of the following does cross-cultural fairness impact informal assessment techniques?a. Use of more objective measures, such as numerical scales and Likert scales, mitigates concerns of cross- cultural fairness when using informal assessment techniques.b. Due to unconscious or conscious bias, an examiner, observer, or rater may misinterpret the verbal or nonverbal behaviors of a minority client.c. Because informal assessment procedures are developed by the examiner, they are less prone to cross-cultural bias.d. Cross-cultural issues are not particularly relevant to informal assessment techniques. e. None of these

Q: A school psychologist is asked to observe the behaviors of a student. She is concerned that "inappropriate" has not been clearly defined, and if she will be the only individual observing this student, her analysis could be compromised. This concern is mostly related to which of the following?a. How valid the observation will be b. The reliability of the observationc. Cross-cultural issues related to the observation d. How practical it is for him to view the situation