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Counseling
Q:
Directing energy toward another object or a person (when anxiety is reduced by focusing on a "safer target") is known as:a. sublimation.b. repression.c. introjection.d. displacement.
Q:
A person who manages his or her anxiety by distorting reality and failing to acknowledge painful events is most likely using:a. introjection. b. sublimation. c. denial.d. compensation.
Q:
The concept of resistance can best be described as all of the following except:a. everything that prevents a client from producing unconscious material.b. that which needs to be analyzed and interpreted.c. an inevitable part of psychoanalytic therapy.d. it is not valuable from a theoretical and clinical perspective.
Q:
The technique whereby the analyst explains the meaning of certain behavior is known as:
a. transference.
b. rationalization.
c. countertransference.
d. interpretation.
Q:
A more flexible variant of psychoanalysis is:a. psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy. b. psychoanalytically oriented reality therapy. c. superego-oriented psychotherapy.d. psychoanalytic behavior analysis.
Q:
The "fundamental rule" for the client in psychoanalysis is:a. forming a contract with the therapist.b. willingness to do "homework assignments."c. participating in free association. d. writing down dreams.
Q:
A major characteristic of the classical psychoanalytic therapist is:a. openness and self-disclosure.b. a deeply personal and sharing relationship. c. a sense of being anonymous.d. a focus on specific behavior and an objective appraisal of learned patterns of behavior.
Q:
The basic aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to:
a. treat specific learning disorders.
b. change overt behavior.
c. correct irrational thinking.
d. make the unconscious motives conscious.
Q:
Feelings of hostility, destructiveness, anger, rage, and hatred are associated with the:
a. oral stage.
b. anal stage.
c. phallic stage.
d. genital stage.
Q:
Resolution of sexual conflicts and sex-role identity is a critical function of the:
a. oral stage.
b. anal stage.
c. phallic stage.
d. genital stage.
Q:
Attributing to others the qualities or traits that are unacceptable to our own ego is best described as:
a. displacement.
b. introjection.
c. reaction formation.
d. projection.
Q:
The ego defense mechanism in which a person exhibits behavior that clearly shows signs of reverting to less mature stages is ________?
a. fixation
b. rationalization
c. regression
d. introjection
Q:
One of the most important Freudian concepts, which consists of pushing unacceptable life events and painful feelings into the unconscious, is:
a. repression.
b. regression.
c. displacement.
d. rationalization.
Q:
A person who unconsciously exhibits overly nice behavior to conceal hostile feelings is probably using which ego defense?
a. Displacement
b. Reaction formation
c. Introjection
d. Projection
Q:
Evidence suggesting the concept of the unconscious includes all of the following except:
a. dreams.
b. posthypnotic suggestions.
c. freeassociation.
d. material derived from introspective techniques.
Q:
The American Counseling Association uses the term "nonprofessional relationships" when referring to dual or multiple relationships.a. Trueb. False
Q:
Becoming an ethical practitioner is not a final destination but a journey that will continue throughout your career. a. Trueb. False
Q:
A boundary crossing could potentially benefit a client. a. Trueb. False
Q:
If you are successful in establishing boundaries in various aspects of your personal life, you have a good foundation for creating sound boundaries with clients.a. True b. False
Q:
Multiple relationship issues can be resolved with ethics codes alone. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The ethics codes mandate avoidance of all dual or multiple relationships. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The only setting in which one might be forced to manage multiple roles is in community mental health centers. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Human change is complex and difficult to measure beyond such a simplistic level that the change may be meaningless.a. True b. False
Q:
The central aim of evidence-based practice is to require psychotherapists to base their practice on techniques that have empirical evidence to support their efficacy.a. True b. False
Q:
Clinicians who work in community mental health agencies, private practice, and other human service settings are generally expected to assess client problems within the framework of the National Association of Social Workers' Diagnosticand Assessment Protocol Manual (3rded.).a. True b. False
Q:
A diagnosis provides a working hypothesis that guides the practitioner in understanding the client. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Overemphasizing cultural differences is always appropriate in a counseling context. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Contemporary therapy approaches are grounded on a core set of values, which are neither value-neutral nor applicable to all cultures.a. True b. False
Q:
Confidentiality can be considered an absolute. a. Trueb. False
Q:
It is optional for therapists to inform their clients that they may discuss certain details of the relationship with a supervisor or a colleague.a. True b. False
Q:
_______is a legal concept that protects clients from having their confidential communications revealed in court without their permission.a. Informed consentb. Privacyc. Confidentialityd. Privileged communication
Q:
Informed consent in counseling can be provided in all of the following forms except:a. written.b. orally.c. through third party.d. some combination of written and oral form.
Q:
________involves the right of clients to be informed about their therapy and to make autonomous decisions pertaining to it.a. Informed consentb. Confidentialityc. Privileged communicationd. Breach of confidentiality
Q:
The first step in making an ethical decision is to:a. look at the relevant ethics codes. b. identify the problem.c. consider the applicable laws and regulations. d. seek consultation.
Q:
_________ ethics focuses on doing what is in the best interest of clients. a. Mandatoryb. Minimalc. Positived. Aspirational
Q:
____________ethics involves a level of ethical functioning at the minimum level of professional practice.a. Mandatoryb. Minimalc. Positived. Aspirational
Q:
Evidence-based practices:a. are the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences.b. are tailored to only focus on the relationship between the client and therapist without addressing specific problems and symptoms.c. tend to focus on therapist created techniques that do not have empirical evidence to support their efficacy. d. are generally not time limited.
Q:
Assessment consists of:a. identifying a specific mental disorder.b. forming an explanation of the causes of the client's difficulties.c. evaluating the relevant factors in a client's life to identify themes for further exploration in the counseling process.d. gaining an account into how the client's problems developed over time.
Q:
During her sessions, Justine questions whether she is trying to meet her clients' needs or her own needs. Justine is:a. being overly analytical.b. actively working toward expanding her self-awareness and learning to recognize her areas of prejudice and vulnerability.c. self-absorbed and insecure.d. behaving unethically since she is preoccupied during her clients' sessions.
Q:
According to the text, positive ethics is an approach taken by practitioners:a. who do what is mandated by professional standards.b. who want to do their best for clients rather than simply meet minimum standards to stay out of trouble. c. who strive for the highest level of ethical practice.d. who strictly adhere to lengthy ethics codes, even if this is not in the client's best interest.
Q:
Marcus, a therapist in a community agency, recently divorced his wife and seems to be harboring anger towards women in general. His colleagues, who have noticed a change in his attitude and behavior lately, have encouraged him to seek personal counseling to work through his issues. They are:
a. overreacting to his anger and are overstepping the boundaries by suggesting he go to counseling.
b. unwise to suggest counseling since he will not benefit from it because he is a therapist and already knows how to deal with his problems.
c. acting ethically by recommending counseling for Marcus; as counselors, they recognize that personal issues that have not been worked through are likely to be projected onto clients.
d. being unsupportive colleagues; since they are aware of his situation, they should offer to provide counseling to him and not refer him to a professional outside of the agency.
Q:
Both the feminist perspective and the postmodern approaches charge that diagnoses:a. are an appropriate part of counseling sessions. b. are generally helpful to women clients.c. ignore societal contexts.d. are an essential part of the medical model they follow.
Q:
Clients have a right to know about _________before making highly personal disclosures. a. their therapist's qualifications and personal informationb. the general goals of the therapist during personal counselingc. the approximate length and details of the therapist's personal relationshipsd. limits of confidentiality
Q:
A therapist should consult with colleagues or specialists under all circumstances except:a. when multiple relationships are potentially problematic. b. when facing an ethical problem.c. when losing objectivity.d. when discussing past life choices.
Q:
Which of the following statements is nottrue about guidelines for ethical practice in counseling and psychotherapy?a. Most professional organizations provide broad guidelines.b. Therapists ultimately have to discover their own guidelines for reasonable practice. c. Practitioners are free to formulate any ethics they choose.d. Ethical issues should be periodically reexamined throughout your professional life.
Q:
Confidentiality must be breached and information must be reported by practitioners when all of the following take place, except:a. clients pose a danger to others.b. a child under the age of 16 requests counseling sessions. c. an older adult is being abused.d. the therapist determines that the client needs immediate, involuntary hospitalization.
Q:
Privileged communication applies to:
a. group counseling.
b. couples counseling.
c. family therapy.
d. individual counseling.
Q:
The ethics codes do not mandate that dual or multiple relationships:a. should be avoided or that nonsexual multiple relationships are unethical. b. are clearly grounds for revocation of one's professional license.c. are helpful in case of counseling one's friends or relatives.d. are impossible to avoid.
Q:
According to the text, the challenge of fulfilling the spirit of informed consent is to:a. tell clients about the nature of confidentiality.b. strike a balance between giving clients too much information and giving them too little. c. convince clients that counselors know what they are doing.d. teach clients about state laws that pertain to counseling.
Q:
In becoming an ethical practitioner, a crucial task is to:a. learn how to arrive at clear-cut answers for difficult situations.b. identify a specific ethical code as the source of answers to ethical dilemmas.c. exercise prudent judgment when it comes to interpreting and applying ethical principles to specific situations. d. avoid making any mistakes in counseling practice.
Q:
Ideally, our self-care should mirror the care we provide for others. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The skill of immediacy involves revealing what we are thinking or feeling in the here and now with the client. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Practitioners must have had the same experiences as their clients in order to have empathy for them. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Counselors from all cultural groups must examine their expectations, attitudes, biases, and assumptions about the counseling process and about persons from diverse groups.a. True b. False
Q:
If you try to figure out in advance how to proceed with a client, you may be depriving the client of the opportunity to become an active partner in her or his own therapy.a. True b. False
Q:
The general goals of counselors must be congruent with the personal goals of the client. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Your role as a counselor is to provide a safe and inviting environment in which clients can explore the congruence between their values and their behavior.a. True b. False
Q:
It is not our function to persuade clients to accept or adopt our value system. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Therapists need to be free of conflicts before they can counsel others. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The vast majority of mental health professionals have experienced personal therapy, typically on several occasions. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Truly dedicated therapists carry the problems of their clients around with them during leisure hours. a. Trueb. False
Q:
Therapists should not admit their mistakes since that could diminish their clients' confidence in them.a. True b. False
Q:
Effective therapists are not the victims of their early decisions. a. Trueb. False
Q:
A meta-analysis of research on therapeutic effectiveness found that the personal and interpersonal components are, at best, only moderately related to effective psychotherapy.a. True b. False
Q:
If we are inauthentic, it is unlikely that our clients will detect it. a. Trueb. False
Q:
The___________ factorsthe alliance, the relationship, the personal and interpersonal skills of the therapist, client agency, and extratherapeutic factorsare the primary determinants of therapeutic outcome.a. logisticalb. contextualc. psychodynamicd. technical
Q:
Which of the following is nota method of increasing effectiveness in working with diverse client populations?a. Learn about how your own cultural background has influenced your thinking and behavingb. Realize that practicing from a multicultural perspective will probably make your job very difficultc. Be flexible in applying techniques with clientsd. Identify your basic assumptions pertaining to diversity
Q:
Effective counseling must take into account the impact of culture on the client's functioning, including the:a. client's expectations for possible vacation time from counseling.b. client's degree of acculturation.c. attitudes these clients have about time off during counseling for their personal time. d. messages clients received from their family members while attending counseling.
Q:
Essential components of effective multicultural counseling include all of the following except:a. counselors avoid becoming involved in out-of-office interventions. b. counselors feel comfortable with their clients' values and beliefs.c. counselors are aware of how their own biases could affect ethnic minority clients.d. counselors employ institutional intervention skills on behalf of their clients when necessary or appropriate.
Q:
Which of the following is not considered essential knowledge for a culturally competent counselor?a. Knowing how to analyze transference reactionsb. Understanding the dynamics and impact of oppression and racismc. Being able to understand the worldview of their clients, and learn about their clients' cultural backgroundd. Being aware of institutional barriers that prevent minorities from utilizing the mental health services available in their community
Q:
Which of the following is notconsidered an essential skill of an effective culturally competent counselor?
a. Being able to modify techniques to accommodate cultural differences
b. Being able to send and receive both verbal and nonverbal messages accurately
c. Being able to get clients to intensify their feelings by helping them to vividly reexperience early childhood events
d. Being willing to seek out educational, consultative, and training experiences to enhance their ability to work with culturally diverse client populations
Q:
You are working with an ethnic minority client who is silent during the initial phase of counseling. This silence is probably best interpreted as:a. resistance.b. a manifestation of uncooperative behavior.c. a response consistent with his or her cultural context. d. a clear sign that counseling will not work.
Q:
Culturally encapsulated counselors would be most likely to:a. use their power to influence clients to accept or adopt their value system.b. have an appreciation for a multicultural perspective in their counseling practice. c. recognize the cultural dimensions their clients bring to therapy.d. accept clients who have a different set of assumptions about life.
Q:
During an initial session, an adolescent girl tells you that she is pregnant and is considering an abortion. Which of the following would be the most ethical and professional course for you to follow?a. Encourage her to get the abortion as soon as possible, without exploring any other option. b. Steer her toward having her baby and then consider adoption for her baby.c. Suggest that she go to church and pray about her situation.d. Help her to clarify the range of her choices in light of her own values.
Q:
The author describes the characteristics of an effective counselor. By including this information in the chapter, he is hoping to convey the message that:a. if you do not possess all of these characteristics, you are doomed to fail in the helping professions. b. deficits in these qualities almost always require years of psychoanalysis.c. you should develop your own concept of what personality traits you think are essential to strive for to promote your own personal growth.d. those who possess all of these qualities can bypass the requirement to participate in clinical supervision.
Q:
With regard to the role of counselors' personal values in therapy, it is appropriate for counselors to:a. teach and persuade clients to act the right way.b. maintain an indifferent, neutral, and passive role by simply listening to everything the client reports. c. avoid challenging the values of clients.d. avoid imposing their values through a process of bracketing.
Q:
Personal therapy for therapists can be instrumental in assisting them to:a. heal their own psychological wounds.b. gain an experiential sense of how to control the therapeutic session.c. understand their own needs and motives and how to heal them while counseling others. d. learn how to work through their own personal conflicts while counseling others.
Q:
In the text, one reason given for having counseling students receive some form of psychotherapy is to help them:a. work through early childhood trauma.b. learn to deal with transference and countertransference. c. recognize and resolve their co-dependent tendencies.d. become self-actualized individuals.
Q:
__________ cannot be reduced simply to cultural awareness and sensitivity.
a. Cultural diversity
b. Multicultural competence
c. Multicultural diversity
d. Theoretical pluralism
Q:
In the text, all of the following are listed as characteristics of the counselor as a therapeutic person except:a. counselors have a sense of humor.b. counselors no longer have to cope with personal problems. c. counselors make choices that are life oriented.d. counselors make mistakes and are willing to admit them.